scholarly journals Ecological Security Evaluation and Spatial-temporal Evolution Characteristics of Natural Resources Based on Wind-Driven Optimization Algorithm------A case study of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoling Ke ◽  
wei shi ◽  
Chang Yang ◽  
Haixiang Guo ◽  
Amal Mougharbel
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Security Evaluation ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Ecological Security ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
The Impact

As a complex system, the urban natural resources system comprises water, land, forest, and air resources. Natural resources are the essential elements of economic and social development and the source of sustainable urban development. However, there are few articles which regard different natural resources as a comprehensive system to evaluate. This study aimed to reveal the patterns of natural resources and highlight the impact of natural resource subsystem. Firstly, this study establishes the ecological security evaluation system of natural resources based on the “Driving Force-Pressure-State-Response” model. Secondly, we use the Wind-Driven Optimization algorithm to optimize the Projection Pursuit model to calculate the value of ecological security level and the comprehensive value of ecological security in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (2013-2018). The temporal characteristics and spatial layout of natural resources ecological security, the impact of mechanism of water, land, forest, and air resources subsystems on natural resources ecological security were assessed. The results shows that the ecological security level of natural resources in nine cities of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is on the rise as a whole from 2013 to 2018. However, the ecological security level in the central region of the Greater Bay Area is low, which is directly related to the severe environmental pollution of its water and air resources. The results are basically consistent with the actual situation, which can provide a reference for the ecological security evaluation of natural resources in other urban agglomerations.

Ecological Security Research of the Northern Slope of Qinling Mountains under the Impact of Tourism Activities

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 1634-1639
Author(s):  
Shi Dong Liu ◽  
Jun Gao ◽  
Wei Tao Pan
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
State Level ◽  
Security Evaluation ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Ecological Security ◽  
Qinling Mountains ◽  
Northern Slope ◽  
Regional Tourism ◽  
The Impact

The ecological security of the piedmont area has been a focus in the research of mountain ecosystem. However, with the development of the urbanization, the research of mountain ecological security under the impact of human activities, especially in the city which near the mountain, the research of protection and development of piedmont area seems not updated enough. Therefore, this paper selected Northern slope of Qinling Mountains in Xi’an, and made tourism activities the major driving factor for ecological security of tourism environment in piedmont area, thus establishing an ecological security evaluation system of piedmont tourism environment, based on DPSIR Model. The result showed that tourism development would enhance the ecological security level of regional tourism environment, and tourism activities would exert positive impact on regional tourism environment. The conclusions include: (1) Before 2007, the tourist environment of Huxian had been in an unsafe state, but in 2013, the ecological security level was largely raised; (2)The tourism ecological security in Chang’an is higher than that in Huxian District, and the ecological security level had already got into the safe state level

Ecological Security Research of Shanghai Hangzhou Bay North Shore under the Impact of Tourism Activities

2012 ◽  
Vol 573-574 ◽  
pp. 313-318
Author(s):  
Shi Dong Liu ◽  
Rui Jing Wang ◽  
Jun Gao
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Area ◽  
Coastal Wetlands ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Hangzhou Bay ◽  
Security Evaluation ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Ecological Security ◽  
North Shore ◽  
Regional Tourism ◽  
The Impact

The ecological security of coastal area has been a focus in the research of coastal wetlands ecosystem. However, with the development of China’s coastal tourism, the research of coastal wetlands ecological security under the impact of tourism activities seems not updated enough. Therefore, this paper selected Fengxian and Jinshan District on Shanghai Hangzhou Bay North Shore, and made tourism activities the major driving factor for ecological security of tourism environment in coastal area, thus establishing an ecological security evaluation system of costal tourism environment, based on DPSIR Model. The result showed that tourism development would enhance the ecological security level of regional tourism environment, and tourism activities would exert positive impact on regional tourism environment. The conclusions include: (1) Before 2003, the tourism environment of Fengxian District was in an insecure state, but with tourism development, in 2007, its ecological security level was largely elevated; (2) The tourism ecological security of Jinshan District was higher than that of Fengxian District, but due to industrial development and tourism downturn, ecological security witnessed a trough in 2003.

scholarly journals Spatial Pattern Analysis of the Ecosystem Services in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Using Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 Imagery Based on Deep Learning Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7044
Author(s):  
Dawei Wen ◽  
Song Ma ◽  
Anlu Zhang ◽  
Xinli Ke
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Spatial Pattern Analysis ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Sentinel 2

Assessment of ecosystem services supply, demand, and budgets can help to achieve sustainable urban development. The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, as one of the most developed megacities in China, sets up a goal of high-quality development while fostering ecosystem services. Therefore, assessing the ecosystem services in this study area is very important to guide further development. However, the spatial pattern of ecosystem services, especially at local scales, is not well understood. Using the available 2017 land cover product, Sentinel-1 SAR and Sentinel-2 optical images, a deep learning land cover mapping framework integrating deep change vector analysis and the ResUnet model was proposed. Based on the produced 10 m land cover map for the year 2020, recent spatial patterns of the ecosystem services at different scales (i.e., the GBA, 11 cities, urban–rural gradient, and pixel) were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) Forest was the primary land cover in Guangzhou, Huizhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Jiangmen, Zhaoqing, and Hong Kong, and an impervious surface was the main land cover in the other four cities. (2) Although ecosystem services in the GBA were sufficient to meet their demand, there was undersupply for all the three general services in Macao and for the provision services in Zhongshan, Dongguan, Shenzhen, and Foshan. (3) Along the urban–rural gradient in the GBA, supply and demand capacity showed an increasing and decreasing trend, respectively. As for the city-level analysis, Huizhou and Zhuhai showed a fluctuation pattern while Jiangmen, Zhaoqing, and Hong Kong presented a decreasing pattern along the gradient. (4) Inclusion of neighborhood landscape led to increased demand scores in a small proportion of impervious areas and oversupply for a very large percent of bare land.

scholarly journals Study on the Spatial Pattern of Innovation Output and Influencing Factors in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongliang Yang ◽  
Chunfeng Li
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Innovation Output ◽  
Countermeasures And Suggestions ◽  
The Impact

The advantageous location, port clusters, strong economic strength, developed financial system, rational and orderly urban division of labor and modern industrial system of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao greater bay area provide sustainable driving force for innovation activities in this region. This paper selected the Gini-coefficient, first degree index and concentration index to measure the spatial pattern characteristics of innovation output in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao greater bay area. The results show that the innovation output presented a spatial pattern of center-periphery in the study region with Shenzhen and Guangzhou as the dual centers and engines of innovation and Dongguan and Foshan as the main innovative areas. Further empirical analysis of the impact of various factors on innovation output in the study region found that R&D expenditure, the number of R&D personnel, the level of economic development and industrial structure all have significant promoting effects on innovation output. Accordingly, this paper put forward countermeasures and suggestions to promote the innovative development of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao greater bay area and build a world-class scientific and technological innovation bay area.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Evaluation and Driving Mechanism of Land Ecological Security in Yan’an, a Typical Hill-Gully Region of China’s Loess Plateau, from 2000 to 2018

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1754
Author(s):  
Zhaoquan He ◽  
Xue Shang ◽  
Tonghui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Driving Mechanism ◽  
Ecological Security ◽  
Forest Landscape Restoration ◽  
Land Ecological Security

Forest landscape restoration and ecosystem of Loess Plateau have enhanced prominently, since the policy implementation (1999) of the Grain for Green Project in China. Land ecological security (LES) performs an extremely critical function for protecting vulnerable land resources and sustaining forest ecosystem stability. Predecessors’ studies substantially concentrate on biophysical and meteorologic variables using numerous grounded methodologies, little research has been launched on systematic natural-socio-economic-ecological relationships and how these contributions and regulations for LES evaluation. Here, pressure-state-response (PSR) model was used to establish the evaluation system of LES in regional-scale, and LES was classified into five levels measured by ecological security index (S), including high (S ≥ 0.75), medium−high (0.65 ≤ S < 0.75), medium (0.55 ≤ S < 0.65), medium−low (0.45 ≤ S < 0.55), and low (S < 0.45) level, for systematically analyzing its spatiotemporal distribution characteristic and response mechanism to explanatory variables in Yan’an, northwest China, from 2000 to 2018. The results demonstrated that: (1) LES status was mainly characterized by medium−high level and medium level, and maintained profound stability. (2) zone with medium−high LES level was mainly concentrated in western and southern regions, continuously expanding to northeast regions, and possessed the largest territorial area, accounting for 37.22%–46.27% of the total area in Yan’an. (3) LES was primarily susceptible to normalized differential vegetation index, vegetation coverage, and land surface temperature with their optimal impacting thresholds of 0.20–0.64, 0.20–0.55, and 11.20–13.00 °C, respectively. (4) Normalized differential vegetation index and vegetation coverage had a significant synergistic effect upon LES based on their interactive explanation rate of 31% and had significant variation consistency (positive and negative) with LES, which were powerfully suggested to signal the intensification of the regional eco-security level in the persistent eco-greening process.

scholarly journals The Impact of Entrepreneurial Environment on Entrepreneurial Will of The Youth in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area ——Mediating Effects of Entrepreneurial Attitude, Subjective Norm and Perceived Behavior Control

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-46
Author(s):  
Yuxuan HUANG ◽  
Xinyu ZHANG ◽  
Yaxuan FENG
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Subjective Norm ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Behavior Control ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Entrepreneurial Attitude ◽  
Perceived Behavior Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Perceived Behavior

The youth from Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, as the main body of science and technology innovation, is the core driving force for Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area to become an international innovation and entrepreneurship base. Based on the TPB, this paper analyzes the mediating effects of entrepreneurial attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavior control, and establishes a structural equation model, to explore the mechanism and path of the impact of the entrepreneurial environment on the entrepreneurial will of the youth in the bay area. This paper finds that these three dimensions of the TPB play multiple mediating roles in the path of the impact of the entrepreneurial environment on the entrepreneurial will, and it has a completely mediating effect, that is, the entrepreneurial environment influences the entrepreneurial will by influencing personal attitude, perceptual behavior control and subjective norm. Therefore, in the future, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area government should enhance the entrepreneurship willingness of the young people in the three places through preferential policies for starting businesses, open channels for innovation and business start-up information, and deepening the openness and innovation of the institutional mechanism of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao.

scholarly journals Aircraft Emission Inventory and Characteristics of the Airport Cluster in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area, China

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 323
Author(s):  
Jie Li ◽  
Haotian Yang ◽  
Xingang Liu ◽  
Nu Yu ◽  
Yong Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Order Approximation ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Standard Atmosphere ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Hc Emissions ◽  
First Order Approximation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Aircraft Emission

In this study, a compound method using modified Boeing Fuel Flow Method 2 (BFFM2) and an updated First Order Approximation V3.0 (FOA3.0) method deploying the ICAO Time-in-Mode (TIM) was used to produce a more reliable aircraft emission inventory for the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA). The results show that compared with the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) conditions, the total emission of nitrogen oxides(NOx) decreased by 17.7%, while carbon monoxide(CO) and hydrocarbons(HC) emissions increased by 11.2%. We confirmed that taxiing is the phase in which an aircraft emits the most pollutants. These pollutant emissions will decrease by 0.3% to 3.9% if the taxiing time is reduced by 1 minute. Furthermore, the impact of reducing taxi-out time on emissions is more significant than that of reducing the taxi-in time. Taking the total aircraft emission factors as the main performance indicators, Hong Kong International Airport (VHHH) contributes the most to the total emissions of the GBA, while the Zhuhai airport(ZGSD) contributes the least. The contribution of an individual airport to the total emissions of the GBA is mainly determined by the proportion of Boeing B77L, B77W, and B744.

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