scholarly journals Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in pediatric influenza-like illness (ILI) cases in Lombardy, Northern Italy, during seven consecutive winter seasons (from 2014-2015 to 2020-2021)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Pellegrinelli ◽  
Cristina Galli ◽  
Laura Bubba ◽  
Arlinda Seiti ◽  
Giovanni Anselmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Influenza Like Illness ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus

INTRODUCTION. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the major cause of lower respiratory tract illness in young children and can also cause influenza-like illness (ILI). Here we investigated the epidemiological features of RSV infection in pediatric ILI cases in Lombardy (a region in Northern Italy accounting nearly 10-million inhabitants) from 2014-2015 to 2020-2021 winter seasons. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Data for this study were retrieved and statistically analyzed from the database of virological influenza surveillance of the regional reference laboratory for Lombardy within the Italian influenza surveillance network (InfluNet). RESULTS. RSV accounting for nearly 19% of pediatric ILI with a risk of infection nearly 2-fold greater than that of individuals ≥15 years. The RSV positivity rate increased to 28% considering 0-5 years old children. Although in children ≤5 years the risk of infection from influenza viruses resulted nearly 2-fold higher than the risk of RSV infection, the age group 4-6 months and 7-12 months showed 5-fold greater risk of infection from RSV than from influenza. Children ≤5 years of age with presence of one or more comorbidities had a nearly 5-fold greater risk of getting RSV infection than otherwise healthy 0-5 years old children. DISCUSSION. The use of the ILI sentinel surveillance allowed us to identify groups at higher risk of RSV and influenza infection and to define the start, duration, timing and intensity of the RSV and influenza community circulation, determining thresholds based on historical data. This surveillance approach can be implemented to assess the nearly real-time RSV circulation and impact.

scholarly journals Influenza virus inhibits respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection via a two-wave expression of interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide (IFIT) proteins

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaron Drori ◽  
Jasmine Jacob-Hirsch ◽  
Rakefet Pando ◽  
Aharona Glatman-Freedman ◽  
Nehemya Friedman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Mouse Lungs

AbstractInfluenza viruses and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are respiratory viruses that primarily circulate worldwide during the autumn and winter seasons. Seasonal surveillance shows that RSV infection generally precedes influenza. However, in the last four winter seasons (2016-2020) an overlap of the morbidity peaks of both viruses was observed in Israel, and was paralleled by significantly lower RSV infection rates. To investigate whether the influenza virus inhibits RSV we performed coinfection of Human cervical carcinoma (HEp2) cells or mice with influenza and RSV and we observed that the influenza inhibited RSV growth, both in vitro and in vivo. Mass spectrometry analysis of mouse lungs infected with influenza identified a two-wave pattern of protein expression upregulation, which included members of the interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide (IFITs) family. Interestingly, in the second peak of upregulation, influenza viruses were no longer detectable in mouse lungs. We also observed that knockdown and overexpression of IFITs in HEp2 cells affected RSV multiplicity. In conclusion, influenza infection inhibits RSV infectivity via upregulation of IFIT proteins in a two-wave modality. Understanding of the interaction between influenza and RSV viruses and immune system involvement will contribute to the development and optimization of future treatment strategies against these viruses.Author SummaryRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza viruses are both respiratory viruses associated with morbidity and mortality worldwide. RSV is usually detected in October, with a clear peak in December, whereas influenza virus arrives in November and peaks in January. In the last four seasons, influenza infection overlapped with that of RSV in Israel, which resulted in decreased morbidity of RSV suggesting that influenza virus inhibits RSV infection. To identify the mechanism responsible for the influenza inhibition of RSV we performed experiments in culture and in mice. We observed that influenza infection results in two wave modality of inhibition of RSV infection. Using mass spectrometry perfornmed on lungs from infected mice we show that influenza infection induces the expression of (IFIT) family of proteins which also showed a two-wave modality. Using knockdown and overexpression experiments we showed that indeed the IFTIs inhibits RSV infection. Our study provides new insights on the interaction between influenza and RSV viruses and immune system involvement and contribute to the development of future treatment strategies against these viruses.

scholarly journals Progress in the surveillance of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in Europe: 2001-2008

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (40) ◽  
Author(s):  
T J Meerhoff ◽  
A Mosnier ◽  
F Schellevis ◽  
W J Paget ◽  
the EISS RSV Task Group
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Healthcare Resource ◽  
Sentinel Surveillance ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Surveillance Scheme ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Sentinel Surveillance System

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) surveillance is important to get insight into the burden of disease and epidemic pattern of RSV infection. This information is useful for healthcare resource allocation as well as the timing of preventive messages and palivizumab prophylaxis. For influenza surveillance the European Influenza Surveillance Scheme (EISS) was established in 1996, but no surveillance platform is available for RSV. To improve surveillance an RSV Task Group was established in 2003 and recommendations for RSV surveillance were developed. By 2008, progress was made for four out of six recommendations: the number of European countries testing specimens for RSV increased from six to fourteen; nose and/or throat swabs were generally used for detection of influenza and RSV; a total of 25 laboratories performed molecular testing for diagnosis and participated in a quality control assessment for RSV with an overall good performance; four of the ten countries that joined EISS in 2004 started reporting RSV detections in addition to influenza in the period 2004-8. Limited progress was achieved for standardising methods and the development of a sentinel surveillance system of representative hospitals. Improving RSV surveillance is possible by further harmonising the data collection and increased reporting of RSV.

ACUTE CHEST SYNDROME with RESPIRATORY Syncytial VIRUS and SEASONAL INFLUENZA In CHILDREN with SICKLE CELL DISEASE

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. 4845-4845
Author(s):  
John J. Strouse ◽  
Sara C Sadreameli ◽  
James F. Casella
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Johns Hopkins Hospital ◽  
Acute Chest Syndrome ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Abstract Abstract 4845 Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has been recognized as a cause of acute chest syndrome (ACS) in children with sickle cell disease (SCD). However, the proportion of children with RSV and SCD that are admitted to hospital or develop ACS is unknown. In studies of young children without SCD, RSV has traditionally been associated with more hospitalizations in the first three years of life then influenza has. To compare the relative severity of RSV vs. seasonal influenza in children with SCD, we compared the clinical characteristics and complications associated with these infections at a single tertiary care hospital. Methods: We defined a case as laboratory-confirmed RSV infection in a patient <18 years with SCD who was evaluated at Johns Hopkins Hospital from 1 September 1993 to June 30 2008. Through July 2006, we searched the discharge and billing databases for Johns Hopkins Hospital to identify those with SCD and laboratory testing for respiratory infections. Thereafter, we prospectively identified cases through divisional records. We confirmed the diagnosis of RSV by review of microbiology results in each patient's paper and/or electronic medical record. We used Fisher's exact test to compare proportions, Student's t-test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test to compare continuous variables, and logistic regression to evaluate associations. Results: We identified 47 patients with SCD and RSV and 76 with influenza during the study period. Clinical symptoms, such as reported fever (83% vs. 89%), cough (98% vs. 93%), and rhinorrhea (90% vs. 80%), were similar for RSV and influenza as were complications, including acute chest syndrome (Table). Treatments given for RSV and influenza including antibacterials (100% vs. 97%), transfusions (7% vs. 11%), and invasive ventilation (4% vs. 0%, p=0.15),with possibly more bronchodilator use for RSV (50% vs. 33%, p=0.055). In a multivariable logistic regression model, older age (OR 1.3 per year, 95% CI 1.04 –1.5, P=.02) and increased white blood cell count (WBC) at presentation (OR 1.2 per 1000/ul increase, 95% CI 1.03 – 1.4, P=0.02) were independently associated with increased risk of ACS in children with RSV. Discussion: Laboratory confirmed RSV infection was predominantly identified in infants and toddlers, while influenza infection was identified in children of all ages. This parallels RSV hospitalizations in the general population, where children are most likely to be hospitalized in the first few years of life. Both older age and high WBC at presentation may be a risk factor for more severe disease. This is unlikely to reflect referral bias (with only the sickest older children being referred for tertiary pediatric care) as a similar pattern was not seen for influenza infection. We conclude that RSV infection is often associated with ACS and similar in severity to influenza infection in children with SCD. An episode of ACS in the first three years of life was associated with more frequent ACS episodes later in childhood in the Dallas Newborn cohort. Since a significant proportion of patients with RSV develop ACS at a young age, RSV infection may represent a modifiable risk factor for recurrent ACS. An area for further study would be the efficacy or cost effectiveness of prevention of RSV-related hospitalizations. Palivizumab, a monoclonal antibody to RSV, has been shown to prevent complications related to RSV in other high risk groups and could be considered as an intervention in SCD that may decrease morbidity. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Differences in respiratory syncytial virus and influenza infection in a house-dust-mite-induced asthma mouse model: consequences for steroid sensitivity

2013 ◽  
Vol 125 (12) ◽  
pp. 565-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Mori ◽  
Nicole S. Parker ◽  
Deborah Rodrigues ◽  
Kathryn Hulland ◽  
Deborah Chappell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Prednisolone Treatment ◽  
Dust Mite ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Clinical Asthma

A significant number of clinical asthma exacerbations are triggered by viral infection. We aimed to characterize the effect of virus infection in an HDM (house dust mite) mouse model of asthma and assess the effect of oral corticosteroids. HDM alone significantly increased eosinophils, lymphocytes, neutrophils, macrophages and a number of cytokines in BAL (bronchoalveolar lavage), all of which were sensitive to treatment with prednisolone (with the exception of neutrophils). Virus infection also induced cell infiltration and cytokines. RSV (respiratory syncytial virus) infection in HDM-treated animals further increased all cell types in BAL (except eosinophils, which declined), but induced no further increase in HDM-elicited cytokines. However, while HDM-elicited TNF-α (tumour necrosis factor-α), IFN-γ (interferon-γ), IL (interleukin)-2, IL-5 and IL-10 were sensitive to prednisolone treatment, concomitant infection with RSV blocked the sensitivity towards steroid. In contrast, influenza infection in HDM- challenged animals resulted in increased BAL lymphocytes, neutrophils, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-12, but all were attenuated by prednisolone treatment. HDM also increased eNO (exhaled NO), which was further increased by concomitant virus infection. This increase was only partially attenuated by prednisolone. RSV infection alone increased BAL mucin. However, BAL mucin was increased in HDM animals with virus infection. Chronic HDM challenge in mice elicits a broad inflammatory response that shares many characteristics with clinical asthma. Concomitant influenza or RSV infection elicits differing inflammatory profiles that differ in their sensitivity towards steroids. This model may be suitable for the assessment of novel pharmacological interventions for asthmatic exacerbation.

scholarly journals Performance of surveillance case definitions for respiratory syncytial virus infections through the sentinel influenza surveillance system, Portugal, 2010 to 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (45) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Sáez-López ◽  
Pedro Pechirra ◽  
Inês Costa ◽  
Paula Cristóvão ◽  
Patrícia Conde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Case Definitions ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Background Well-established influenza surveillance systems (ISS) can be used for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) surveillance. In Portugal, RSV cases are detected through the ISS using the European Union (EU) influenza-like illness (ILI) case definition. Aim To investigate clinical predictors for RSV infection and how three case definitions (EU ILI, a modified EU acute respiratory infection, and one respiratory symptom) performed in detecting RSV infections in Portugal. Methods This observational retrospective study used epidemiological and laboratory surveillance data (October 2010–May 2018). Associations between clinical characteristics and RSV detection were analysed using logistic regression. Accuracy of case definitions was assessed through sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). A 0.05 significance level was accepted. Results The study involved 6,523 persons, including 190 (2.9%) RSV cases. Among 183 cases with age information, RSV infection was significantly more frequent among individuals < 5 years (n = 23; 12.6%) and ≥ 65 years (n = 45; 24.6%) compared with other age groups (p < 0.0001). Cough (odds ratio (OR): 2.4; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2–6.5) was the best RSV-infection predictor considering all age groups, while shortness of breath was particularly associated with RSV-positivity among ≤ 14 year olds (OR: 6.7; 95% CI: 2.6–17.4 for 0–4 year olds and OR: 6.7; 95% CI: 1.5–28.8 for 5–14 year olds). Systemic symptoms were significantly associated with RSV-negative and influenza-positive cases. None of the case definitions were suitable to detect RSV infections (AUC = 0.51). Conclusion To avoid underestimating the RSV disease burden, RSV surveillance within the Portuguese sentinel ISS would require a more sensitive case definition than ILI and, even a different case definition according to age.

scholarly journals Severe Morbidity and Mortality Associated With Respiratory Syncytial Virus Versus Influenza Infection in Hospitalized Older Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley Ackerson ◽  
Hung Fu Tseng ◽  
Lina S Sy ◽  
Zendi Solano ◽  
Jeff Slezak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Hospitalized Older Adults ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Abstract Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of serious respiratory illness in older adults. Comparison of RSV and influenza infection in hospitalized older adults may increase awareness of adult RSV disease burden. Methods Hospitalized adults aged ≥60 years who tested positive for RSV or influenza between 1 January 2011 and 30 June 2015 were identified from Kaiser Permanente Southern California electronic medical records. Baseline characteristics, comorbidities, utilization, and outcomes were compared. Results The study included 645 RSV- and 1878 influenza-infected hospitalized adults. Patients with RSV were older than those with influenza (mean, 78.5 vs 77.4 years; P = .035) and more likely to have congestive heart failure (35.3% vs 24.5%; P < .001) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (29.8% vs 24.3%; P = .006) at baseline. In adjusted analyses, RSV infection was associated with greater odds of length of stay ≥7 days (odds ratio [OR] = 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2–1.8; P < .001); pneumonia (OR = 2.7; 95% CI, 2.2–3.2; P < .001); intensive care unit admission (OR = 1.3; 95% CI, 1.0–1.7; P = .023); exacerbation of COPD (OR = 1.7; 95% CI, 1.3–2.4; P = .001); and greater mortality within 1 year of admission (OR = 1.3; 95% CI, 1.0–1.6; P = .019). Conclusions RSV infection may result in greater morbidity and mortality among older hospitalized adults than influenza. Increased recognition of adult RSV disease burden will be important in the evaluation and use of new RSV vaccines and antivirals.

scholarly journals Pediatric RSV Infection During Two Winter Seasons in British Columbia: A Role for Subgroup Analysis in Young Children?

1990 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 112-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Wilson ◽  
C Orvell ◽  
B Morrison ◽  
E Thomas
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Younger Patients ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Virus Isolates

Using a panel of eight monoclonal antibodies directed against the G, F and NP proteins of respiratory syncytial virus, 167 virus isolates from nasopharyngeal washing cultures at British Columbia Children’s Hospital during two consecutive epidemics were subgrouped. Slides made and frozen at the time of virus isolation or prepared from recovered frozen passage material, were assayed by indirect immunofluorescence. Of 85 strains tested in 1987–88, 54 (64%) were subgroup A, and 31 (36%) subgroup B. By contrast, of 82 strains tested in 1988–89 five (6%) were subgroup A and 77 (94%) subgroup B. Review of patient charts did not reveal significant differences in clinical course of patients infected with the two subgroups, but the risk of infection with subgroup A was significantly greater than the risk of subgroup B infection in younger patients.

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