scholarly journals Performance of surveillance case definitions for respiratory syncytial virus infections through the sentinel influenza surveillance system, Portugal, 2010 to 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (45) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Sáez-López ◽  
Pedro Pechirra ◽  
Inês Costa ◽  
Paula Cristóvão ◽  
Patrícia Conde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Case Definitions ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Background Well-established influenza surveillance systems (ISS) can be used for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) surveillance. In Portugal, RSV cases are detected through the ISS using the European Union (EU) influenza-like illness (ILI) case definition. Aim To investigate clinical predictors for RSV infection and how three case definitions (EU ILI, a modified EU acute respiratory infection, and one respiratory symptom) performed in detecting RSV infections in Portugal. Methods This observational retrospective study used epidemiological and laboratory surveillance data (October 2010–May 2018). Associations between clinical characteristics and RSV detection were analysed using logistic regression. Accuracy of case definitions was assessed through sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). A 0.05 significance level was accepted. Results The study involved 6,523 persons, including 190 (2.9%) RSV cases. Among 183 cases with age information, RSV infection was significantly more frequent among individuals < 5 years (n = 23; 12.6%) and ≥ 65 years (n = 45; 24.6%) compared with other age groups (p < 0.0001). Cough (odds ratio (OR): 2.4; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2–6.5) was the best RSV-infection predictor considering all age groups, while shortness of breath was particularly associated with RSV-positivity among ≤ 14 year olds (OR: 6.7; 95% CI: 2.6–17.4 for 0–4 year olds and OR: 6.7; 95% CI: 1.5–28.8 for 5–14 year olds). Systemic symptoms were significantly associated with RSV-negative and influenza-positive cases. None of the case definitions were suitable to detect RSV infections (AUC = 0.51). Conclusion To avoid underestimating the RSV disease burden, RSV surveillance within the Portuguese sentinel ISS would require a more sensitive case definition than ILI and, even a different case definition according to age.

scholarly journals Seasonality and geographical spread of respiratory syncytial virus epidemics in 15 European countries, 2010 to 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eeva K Broberg ◽  
Matti Waris ◽  
Kari Johansen ◽  
René Snacken ◽  
Pasi Penttinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Geographical Spread ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is considered the most common pathogen causing severe lower respiratory tract infections among infants and young children. We describe the seasonality and geographical spread of RSV infection in 15 countries of the European Union and European Economic Area. We performed a retrospective descriptive study of weekly laboratory-confirmed RSV detections between weeks 40/2010 and 20/2016, in patients investigated for influenza-like illness, acute respiratory infection or following the clinician’s judgment. Six countries reported 4,230 sentinel RSV laboratory diagnoses from primary care and 14 countries reported 156,188 non-sentinel laboratory diagnoses from primary care or hospitals. The median length of the RSV season based on sentinel and non-sentinel surveillance was 16 (range: 9–24) and 18 (range: 8–24) weeks, respectively. The median peak weeks for sentinel and non-sentinel detections were week 4 (range: 48 to 11) and week 4.5 (range: 49 to 17), respectively. RSV detections peaked later (r = 0.56; p = 0.0360) and seasons lasted longer with increasing latitude (r = 0.57; p = 0.0329). Our data demonstrated regular seasonality with moderate correlation between timing of the epidemic and increasing latitude of the country. This study supports the use of RSV diagnostics within influenza or other surveillance systems to monitor RSV seasonality and geographical spread.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of laboratory-confirmed respiratory syncytial virus infection in young children in England, 2010–2014: the importance of birth month

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (10) ◽  
pp. 2049-2056 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. REEVES ◽  
P. HARDELID ◽  
R. GILBERT ◽  
J. ELLIS ◽  
H. ZHAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Birth Month ◽  
Laboratory Surveillance ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Positive Results

SUMMARYThe epidemiology of laboratory-confirmed respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in young children has not recently been described in England, and is an essential step in identifying optimal target groups for future licensed RSV vaccines. We used two laboratory surveillance systems to examine the total number and number of positive RSV tests in children aged <5 years in England from 2010 to 2014. We derived odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) comparing children by birth month, using multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for age, season and sex. Forty-seven percent of RSV tests (29 851/63 827) and 57% (7405/13 034) of positive results in children aged <5 years were in infants aged <6 months. Moreover, 38% (4982/13 034) of positive results were in infants aged <3 months. Infants born in September, October and November had the highest odds of a positive RSV test during their first year of life compared to infants born in January (OR 2·1, 95% CI 1·7–2·7; OR 2·4, 95% CI 2·1–2·8; and OR 2·4, 95% CI 2·1–2·7, respectively). Our results highlight the importance of young age and birth month near the beginning of the RSV season to the risk of laboratory-confirmed RSV infection. Future control measures should consider protection for these groups.

Humoral immunity to respiratory syncytial virus in young and elderly adults

2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (12) ◽  
pp. 1684-1686 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. TERROSI ◽  
G. Di GENOVA ◽  
B. MARTORELLI ◽  
M. VALENTINI ◽  
M. G. CUSI
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARYRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has been demonstrated to cause substantial disease in elderly and immunocompromised subjects. The relationship of serum antibody to RSV infection and the risk of infection in elderly subjects is controversial, thus we evaluated the presence of neutralizing antibodies to RSV in healthy people of different age groups and the correlation with viral protection. Baseline blood samples from 197 subjects aged 20–80 years were analysed for the presence of anti-RSV antibodies either by indirect immunofluorescence and microneutralization test. The percentage of people who had neutralizing antibodies to RSV was significantly higher (P=0·001) in the youngest group (92·51%) compared to the frail group (36·21%). The RSV antibody level tends to wane in some older people; this factor could determine proneness to RSV re-infections in the elderly who are at a greater risk of developing severe respiratory disease.

scholarly journals Progress in the surveillance of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in Europe: 2001-2008

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (40) ◽  
Author(s):  
T J Meerhoff ◽  
A Mosnier ◽  
F Schellevis ◽  
W J Paget ◽  
the EISS RSV Task Group
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Healthcare Resource ◽  
Sentinel Surveillance ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Surveillance Scheme ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Sentinel Surveillance System

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) surveillance is important to get insight into the burden of disease and epidemic pattern of RSV infection. This information is useful for healthcare resource allocation as well as the timing of preventive messages and palivizumab prophylaxis. For influenza surveillance the European Influenza Surveillance Scheme (EISS) was established in 1996, but no surveillance platform is available for RSV. To improve surveillance an RSV Task Group was established in 2003 and recommendations for RSV surveillance were developed. By 2008, progress was made for four out of six recommendations: the number of European countries testing specimens for RSV increased from six to fourteen; nose and/or throat swabs were generally used for detection of influenza and RSV; a total of 25 laboratories performed molecular testing for diagnosis and participated in a quality control assessment for RSV with an overall good performance; four of the ten countries that joined EISS in 2004 started reporting RSV detections in addition to influenza in the period 2004-8. Limited progress was achieved for standardising methods and the development of a sentinel surveillance system of representative hospitals. Improving RSV surveillance is possible by further harmonising the data collection and increased reporting of RSV.

scholarly journals 92. Incidence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection among Hospitalized Adults, 2017–2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S7-S8
Author(s):  
Angela Branche ◽  
Lisa Saiman ◽  
Edward E Walsh ◽  
Ann R Falsey ◽  
William Sieling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Disease ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Surveillance Area

Abstract Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection has been increasingly recognized as an important cause of acute respiratory illness (ARI) and a trigger for exacerbation of underlying cardiopulmonary disease in adults. Incidence of hospitalized RSV infection remains uncertain as adults have not been systematically screened. Previous incidence estimates, derived primarily from modeling studies, have ranged from 84 to 190/100K population in adults >65 years of age. Accurate burden data are critical to inform RSV vaccine development for adults. We used active surveillance among hospitalized adults to determine population-based incidence rates of RSV infection. Methods Hospitalized adults ≥ 18 years old residing in the surveillance area with >2 ARI symptoms or exacerbation of underlying cardiopulmonary disease were screened for eligibility during October 2017–April 2018 and October 2018 to April 2019 in 3 hospitals in Rochester, NY and New York City. Respiratory specimens were tested for RSV using PCR assays. RSV incidence per 100,000 persons (per 2010 US Census data) was adjusted by percent market share for study hospitals in their catchment area. Results In total, 8,217 hospitalized adults residing in the surveillance area that met the surveillance case definition were tested for RSV; 768 (9.4%) were positive. Adults were aged 18–49 (12%), 50–64 (30%), and ≥65 years old (58%); 55% were female. RSV infection incidence varied from year 1 to year 2 and was highest in patients aged ≥65 years old (table). Conclusion This is the largest prospective RSV incidence study to date. Preliminary results indicate that the incidence of RSV infection may be higher than previously reported, especially in urban-dwelling adults >65 years of age. Results confirm the need for vaccines to prevent RSV infections in older adults. Disclosures All Authors: No reported Disclosures.

scholarly journals Respiratory Syncytial Virus: New Challenges for Molecular Epidemiology Surveillance and Vaccination Strategy in Patients with ILI/SARI

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1334
Author(s):  
Fabio Tramuto ◽  
Carmelo Massimo Maida ◽  
Daniela Di Naro ◽  
Giulia Randazzo ◽  
Francesco Vitale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Community Setting ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Several respiratory pathogens are responsible for influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe respiratory infections (SARI), among which human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) represents one of the most common aetiologies. We analysed the hRSV prevalence among subjects with ILI or SARI during the five influenza seasons before the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Sicily (Italy). Respiratory specimens from ILI outpatients and SARI inpatients were collected in the framework of the Italian Network for the Influenza Surveillance and molecularly tested for hRSV-A and hRSV-B. Overall, 8.1% of patients resulted positive for hRSV. Prevalence peaked in the age-groups <5 years old (range: 17.6–19.1%) and ≥50 years old (range: 4.8–5.1%). While the two subgroups co-circulated throughout the study period, hRSV-B was slightly predominant over hRSV-A, except for the season 2019–2020 when hRSV-A strongly prevailed (82.9%). In the community setting, the distribution of hRSV subgroups was balanced (47.8% vs. 49.7% for hRSV-A and hRSV-B, respectively), while most infections identified in the hospital setting were caused by hRSV-B (69.5%); also, this latter one was more represented among hRSV cases with underlying diseases, as well as among those who developed a respiratory complication. The molecular surveillance of hRSV infections may provide a valuable insight into the epidemiological features of ILI/SARI. Our findings add new evidence to the existing knowledge on viral aetiology of ILI and SARI in support of public health strategies and may help to define high-risk categories that could benefit from currently available and future vaccines.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the diagnostic utility of the new clinical case definition of pertussis - experience from sentinel and hospital-based pertussis surveillance

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 443-449
Author(s):  
Mioljub Ristic ◽  
Vesna Stojanovic ◽  
Vladimir Petrovic ◽  
Ulrich Heininger
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Case ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Positive Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Case Definitions ◽  
Pertussis Infection ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Clinical Case Definition

Introduction/Objective. Global surveillance systems use different clinical case definitions of pertussis. The aim of this study was to identify sign and symptom combinations with best relation with laboratory confirmed pertussis. Methods. A one-year prospective observational study, proposed by the Global Pertussis Initiative (GPI) for three age groups (0?3 months, four months to nine years, and ? 10 years) was performed in Novi Sad to evaluate the performance of the clinical case definition of pertussis. Laboratory confirmation of B. pertussis infection was obtained using the DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or ELISA serology tests. Results. From October 1, 2013 to September 30, 2014, 103 (32.3%) out of 319 participants with suspected pertussis had laboratory-confirmed pertussis. Combined whooping, post-tussive emesis, and worsening of symptoms at night was the best predictor of pertussis in outpatients aged four months to nine years (positive likelihood ratio (LR+) 11.6), while among inpatients of the same age group it was apnoea (LR+ 13.5). The LR+ in outpatients aged ?10 years for combinations of apnoea and post-tussive emesis, or a combination of whooping and sweating episodes between paroxysms and post-tussive emesis was 16.8, while among in-patients LR+ was < 2.3 for all combinations in the same age group. Conclusions. The GPI case definitions for pertussis are good predictors for laboratory-confirmed pertussis and are useful for the purpose of pertussis surveillance.

scholarly journals Hepatitis E virus infection in Europe: surveillance and descriptive epidemiology of confirmed cases, 2005 to 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (26) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther J Aspinall ◽  
Elisabeth Couturier ◽  
Mirko Faber ◽  
Bengü Said ◽  
Samreen Ijaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Descriptive Epidemiology ◽  
Case Definitions ◽  
Economic Area ◽  
Testing Policies

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an under-recognised cause of acute hepatitis in high-income countries. The purpose of this study was to provide an overview of testing, diagnosis, surveillance activities, and data on confirmed cases in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA). A semi-structured survey was developed and sent to 31 EU/EEA countries in February 2016, 30 responded. Twenty of these countries reported that they have specific surveillance systems for HEV infection. Applied specific case definition for HEV infection varied widely across countries. The number of reported cases has increased from 514 cases per year in 2005 to 5,617 in 2015, with most infections being locally acquired. This increase could not be explained by additional countries implementing surveillance for HEV infections over time. Hospitalisations increased from less than 100 in 2005 to more than 1,100 in 2015 and 28 fatal cases were reported over the study period. EU/EEA countries are at different stages in their surveillance, testing schemes and policy response to the emergence of HEV infection in humans. The available data demonstrated a Europe-wide increase in cases. Standardised case definitions and testing policies would allow a better understanding of the epidemiology of HEV as an emerging cause of liver-related morbidity.

scholarly journals Disease Burden Due to Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Indian Pediatric Population: A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 117955652110292
Author(s):  
Canna Ghia ◽  
Gautam Rambhad
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Indian Pediatric ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the leading causes of lower respiratory tract infections in young children. Globally, there is huge disease burden, high treatment cost, and health impact beyond acute episodes due to RSV which necessitate development and implementation of preventive strategies for the control of RSV infection. The disease burden due to RSV in pediatric population across India is still not clearly understood so this literature review was therefore conducted to gather data on disease burden due to RSV in Indian pediatric population. Systematic literature search was performed using PubMed and Google search with different medical subject headings from 2007 to 2020. Studies performed in Indian pediatric population were selected for review. Literature review revealed that in India, epidemiology of RSV infection is well documented in young children (0-5 years) as compared to children from other age groups. The rates of RSV detection in various studies conducted in younger children (0-5 years) vary from 2.1% to 62.4% in India which is higher as compared to children from other age groups. In India, RSV mainly peaks around rainy to early winter season, that is, during months of June through October while smaller peak was noted during December, January, and February. In 2020, higher RSV-associated disease burden was reported among children (<5 years) in low-income and lower-middle-income countries. Considering significant disease burden due to RSV in young Indian children, availability of RSV vaccine would be crucial to prevent RSV infections in children and its spread in the community.

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