Ketamine Treatment for Refractory Anxiety: A systematic review

There is a growing interest in the psychiatric properties of the dissociative anesthetic ketamine, as single doses have been shown to have fast-acting mood-enhancing and anxiolytic effects, which persist for up to a week after the main psychoactive symptoms have diminished. Therefore, ketamine poses potential beneficial effects in patients with refractory anxiety disorders, where other conventional anxiolytics have been ineffective. Ketamine is a non-competitive antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor, which underlies its induction of pain relief and anaesthesia. However, the role of NMDA receptors in anxiety reduction is still relatively unknown. To fill this paucity in the literature, this systematic review assesses the evidence that ketamine significantly reduces refractory anxiety and discusses to what extent this may be mediated by NMDA receptor antagonism. We highlight the temporary nature of the anxiolytic effects and discuss the high discrepancy among the study designs regarding many fundamental factors such as administration routes, complementary treatments, and other treatments.

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SARS-CoV-2 and the role of fomite transmission: a systematic review

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.51590.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 233

Author(s):

Igho J. Onakpoya ◽

Carl J. Heneghan ◽

Elizabeth A. Spencer ◽

Jon Brassey ◽

Annette Plüddemann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Sample Collection ◽

Quality Of Reporting ◽

Cycle Threshold ◽

Healthcare Settings ◽

Viral Culture ◽

Mechanistic Pathway ◽

General Wards ◽

Study Designs

Background: SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been detected in fomites which suggests the virus could be transmitted via inanimate objects. However, there is uncertainty about the mechanistic pathway for such transmissions. Our objective was to identify, appraise and summarise the evidence from primary studies and systematic reviews assessing the role of fomites in transmission. Methods: This review is part of an Open Evidence Review on Transmission Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2. We conduct ongoing searches using WHO Covid-19 Database, LitCovid, medRxiv, and Google Scholar; assess study quality based on five criteria and report important findings on an ongoing basis. Results: We found 64 studies: 63 primary studies and one systematic review (n=35). The settings for primary studies were predominantly in hospitals (69.8%) including general wards, ICU and SARS-CoV-2 isolation wards. There were variations in the study designs including timing of sample collection, hygiene procedures, ventilation settings and cycle threshold. The overall quality of reporting was low to moderate. The frequency of positive SARS-CoV-2 tests across 51 studies (using RT-PCR) ranged from 0.5% to 75%. Cycle threshold values ranged from 20.8 to 44.1. Viral concentrations were reported in 17 studies; however, discrepancies in the methods for estimation prevented comparison. Eleven studies (17.5%) attempted viral culture, but none found a cytopathic effect. Results of the systematic review showed that healthcare settings were most frequently tested (25/35, 71.4%), but laboratories reported the highest frequency of contaminated surfaces (20.5%, 17/83). Conclusions: The majority of studies report identification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA on inanimate surfaces; however, there is a lack of evidence demonstrating the recovery of viable virus. Lack of positive viral cultures suggests that the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through fomites is low. Heterogeneity in study designs and methodology prevents comparisons of findings across studies. Standardized guidelines for conducting and reporting research on fomite transmission is warranted.

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Variables Associated With the Subjective Experience of Coercive Measures in Psychiatric Inpatients: A Systematic Review

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/0706743717738491 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 129-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Carlos Aguilera-Serrano ◽

Jose Guzman-Parra ◽

Juan A Garcia-Sanchez ◽

Berta Moreno-Küstner ◽

Fermin Mayoral-Cleries

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Subjective Experience ◽

Total Sample ◽

Emotional Impact ◽

Staff Support ◽

Coercive Measures ◽

Mechanical Restraint ◽

Study Designs

Objective: This systematic review presents evidence regarding factors that may influence the patient’s subjective experience of an episode of mechanical restraint, seclusion, or forced administration of medication. Method: Two authors searched CINAHL, PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Psych-Info, considering published studies between 1 January 1992 and 1 February 2016. Based on the inclusion criteria and methodological quality, 34 studies were selected, reporting a total sample of 1,869 participants. Results: The results showed that the provision of information, contact and interaction with staff, and adequate communication with professionals are factors that influence the subjective experience of these measures. Humane treatment, respect, and staff support are also associated with a better experience, and debriefing is an important procedure/technique to reduce the emotional impact of these measures. Likewise, the quality of the working and physical environment and some individual and treatment variables were related to the experience of these measures. There are different results in relation to the most frequently associated experiences and, despite some data that indicate positive experiences, the evidence shows such experiences to be predominantly negative and frequently with adverse consequences. It seems that patients find forced medication and seclusion to be more tolerable than mechanical restraint and combined measures. Conclusions: It appears that the role of the staff and the environmental conditions, which are potentially modifiable, affect the subjective experience of these measures. There was considerable heterogeneity among studies in terms of coercive measures experienced by participants and study designs.

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Magnesium, Zinc, and Chromium Nutrition and Athletic Performance

Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1139/h2001-038 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 26 (S1) ◽

pp. S13-S22 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Henry C. Lukaski

Keyword(s):

Mineral Elements ◽

Optimal Performance ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Cardiorespiratory Function ◽

Genetic Potential ◽

And Performance ◽

And Function ◽

Study Designs ◽

Advance Knowledge

Magnesium, zinc and chromium are mineral elements required in modest amounts for health and optimal performance. Accumulating evidence supports the hypothesis that magnesium and zinc play significant roles in promoting strength and cardiorespiratory function in healthy persons and athletes. Differences in study designs, however, limit conclusions about recommendations for intakes of magnesium and zinc needed for optimal performance and function. The role of chromium in supporting performance is not well established. There is a compelling need to confirm and extend findings of beneficial effects of magnesium and zinc function and performance of humans. Suggestions for an experimental model and specific topics for research to advance knowledge of mineral nutrition to promote attainment of genetic potential for optimal performance are provided.

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Hormones in Breast Milk and Effect on Infants’ Growth: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11081845 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1845 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Alessandra Mazzocchi ◽

Maria Lorella Giannì ◽

Daniela Morniroli ◽

Ludovica Leone ◽

Paola Roggero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Body Composition ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Bioactive Components ◽

Insulin Growth Factor ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Insight Into ◽

Milk Hormones

Breast milk is characterized by a dynamic and complex composition which includes hormones and other bioactive components that could influence infant growth, development, and optimize health. Among the several beneficial effects associated with prolonged breastfeeding, a 13% decrease in the risk of overweight and obesity has been reported. Recent research has focused on breast milk hormones contributing to the appetite and energy balance regulation and adiposity. Accordingly, we conducted a literature systematic review with the aim to provide an update on the effect of leptin, ghrelin, Insulin Growth Factor 1, adiponectin, and insulin on infants’ and children’s growth and body composition. The revised literature reveals contrasting findings concerning the potential role of all these hormones on modeling growth and fat mass apposition and health outcomes later in life. Further studies are needed to gain further insight into the specific role of these bioactive components in metabolic pathways related to body composition. This could help gain a further insight on infants’ growth, both in physiological and pathological settings.

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Answer to the letter to the editor of Christensen S et al. concerning “The role of non-rigid cervical collar in pain relief and functional restoration after whiplash injury—a systematic review and a pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials” by Ricciardi L et al. (Eur Spine J; [2019] 28:1821–1828)

European Spine Journal ◽

10.1007/s00586-020-06375-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 1193-1195

Author(s):

Luca Ricciardi ◽

Sonia D’Arrigo ◽

Carmelo Lucio Sturiale

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Pain Relief ◽

Randomized Controlled Trials ◽

Whiplash Injury ◽

Pooled Analysis ◽

Functional Restoration ◽

Cervical Collar ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Randomized Controlled

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Macrolides for the treatment of COVID-19: a living, systematic review

Medwave ◽

10.5867/medwave.2020.11.8073 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (11) ◽

pp. e8073-e8073

Author(s):

Catalina Verdejo ◽

Laura Vergara-Merino ◽

Nicolás Meza ◽

Javier Pérez-Bracchiglione ◽

Natalia Carvajal-Juliá ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Randomized Trials ◽

Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽

Length Of Hospital Stay ◽

Standard Of Care ◽

Serious Adverse Events ◽

Web Based ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Registration Number

Objective This living, systematic review aims to provide a timely, rigorous, and continuously updated summary of the evidence available on the role of macrolides for treating patients with COVID-19. Design A living, systematic review. Database We conducted searches in the centralized repository L·OVE (Living OVerview of Evidence). L·OVE is a platform that maps PICO questions to evidence from the Epistemonikos database. In response to the COVID-19 emergency, L·OVE was adapted to expand the range of evidence it covers and customized to group all COVID-19 evidence in one place. Today it is maintained through regular searches in 39 databases. Methods We included randomized trials evaluating the effect of macrolides — as monotherapy or in combination with other drugs — versus placebo or no treatment in patients with COVID-19. Randomized trials evaluating macrolides in infections caused by other coronaviruses, such as MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, and non-randomized studies in COVID-19 were searched in case we found no direct evidence from randomized trials. Two reviewers independently screened each study for eligibility, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. Measures included all-cause mortality; the need for invasive mechanical ventilation; extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, length of hospital stay, respiratory failure, serious adverse events, time to SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR negativity. We applied the GRADE approach to assess the certainty of the evidence for each outcome. A living, web-based version of this review will be openly available during the COVID-19 pandemic. We will resubmit it every time the conclusions change or whenever there are substantial updates. Results The search in the L·OVE platform retrieved 424 references. We considered 260 as potentially eligible and were reviewed in full texts. We included one randomized clinical trial that evaluated the use of azithromycin in combination with hydroxychloroquine compared to hydroxychloroquine alone in hospitalized patients with COVID 19. The estimates for all outcomes evaluated resulted in insufficient power to draw conclusions. The quality of the evidence for the main outcomes was low to very low. Conclusions Macrolides in the management of patients with COVID 19 showed no beneficial effects compared to standard of care. The evidence for all outcomes is inconclusive. Larger trials are needed to determine the effects of macrolides on pulmonary and other outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Systematic review registration PROSPERO Registration number: CRD42020181032 Protocol preprint DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/rvp59

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The role of the therapeutic alliance on pain relief in musculoskeletal rehabilitation: A systematic review

Physiotherapy Theory and Practice ◽

10.1080/09593985.2018.1431343 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 34 (12) ◽

pp. 901-915 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Ana Carolina Taccolini Manzoni ◽

Naiane Teixeira Bastos de Oliveira ◽

Cristina Maria Nunes Cabral ◽

Natalia Aquaroni Ricci

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Pain Relief ◽

Therapeutic Alliance ◽

Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation

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Maternal Leisure-time Physical Activity and Risk of Preterm Birth: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.2015-0495 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 796-807 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mira Kahn ◽

Kim Robien ◽

Loretta DiPietro

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Preterm Birth ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Leisure Time ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

Quality Reporting ◽

Gestational Age At Delivery ◽

Study Designs

Background:Preterm birth is a leading cause of infant death and the role of maternal physical activity on this risk remains unclear. This systematic review examined low, moderate and vigorous leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) during pregnancy and the outcome of preterm birth.Methods:Key words related to preterm birth and physical activity were used to search relevant databases (Medline, Cochrane, CINAHL, Sports Discuss and Scopus). Studies were excluded if they did not measure physical activity as an exposure in pregnant women, did not provide information on gestational age at delivery, and were not published in English. All study designs and sample sizes were considered.Results:The search generated 1472 studies. There were 27 studies included in this review of which 23 received high quality reporting scores. Eleven studies reported a lower risk of preterm birth for women who performed LTPA during pregnancy, while 14 studies reported null findings. Only 2 studies detected a significantly higher risk of preterm birth with LTPA during pregnancy.ConclusionThis review of literature up to 2014 provides additional evidence to support the assertion that healthy pregnant women can engage in low, moderate, and even some vigorous levels of LTPA without risk for preterm birth.

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