Magnesium, Zinc, and Chromium Nutrition and Athletic Performance

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
pp. S13-S22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry C. Lukaski
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Optimal Performance ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Function ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Function ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Advance Knowledge

Magnesium, zinc and chromium are mineral elements required in modest amounts for health and optimal performance. Accumulating evidence supports the hypothesis that magnesium and zinc play significant roles in promoting strength and cardiorespiratory function in healthy persons and athletes. Differences in study designs, however, limit conclusions about recommendations for intakes of magnesium and zinc needed for optimal performance and function. The role of chromium in supporting performance is not well established. There is a compelling need to confirm and extend findings of beneficial effects of magnesium and zinc function and performance of humans. Suggestions for an experimental model and specific topics for research to advance knowledge of mineral nutrition to promote attainment of genetic potential for optimal performance are provided.

scholarly journals Remuneration and Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 01034
Author(s):  
Iriani Ismail
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Optimal Performance ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Interactive Analysis ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Internal And External Factors

The aim of this study is to explain the role of remuneration in improving the performance of library employees. This study uses the qualitative method which the population is all employees numbering 17 people. Based on interactive analysis methods and ethnographic techniques, its took In-depth interview and observations. Using this analysis, the result showed that the remuneration has an important role in improving employees performance. Some internal and external factors influence it so that optimal performance is obtained. Generally, employees expect that the remuneration has been high to be accepted like as expected. Most employees demands such remuneration to meet their daily needs. External factors also has a strong role so the employees demand high, but not balanced with high performance.

scholarly journals Access to Highly Purified Chondroitin Sulfate for Appropriate Treatment of Osteoarthritis: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. maapoc.0000022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Chevalier ◽  
Thierry Conrozier
Keyword(s):  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Food Supplements ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Sulfated Glycosaminoglycan ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
And Function ◽  
Positive Effect

Current pharmacological therapies for osteoarthritis are symptom-focused and aimed at controlling pain. However, currently approved symptom-modifying agents do not restore the structure and function of damaged joints. Symptomatic slow-acting drugs in osteoarthritis (SySADOAs), including the sulfated glycosaminoglycan, chondroitin sulfate, have shown promising beneficial effects on the pain and other symptoms of osteoarthritis, and some may also have a positive effect on cartilage, slowing the progression of joint deterioration in osteoarthritis. A highly-purified, standardized, pharmaceutical-grade preparation of chondroitin sulfate has shown activity in osteoarthritis and has become one of the most prescribed SySADOAs. However, in many countries, formulations of chondroitin sulfate of various sources and purity are available as food supplements or nutraceuticals. As the effects of chondroitin sulfate could vary according to the characteristics of the chondroitin sulfate employed, including source, purity, or structural organization, clinical data from well-designed studies of pharmaceutical-grade chondroitin sulfate should not be extrapolated to support clinical efficacy claims of food supplements; nor should results from trials of chondroitin sulfate-containing food supplements be used to draw conclusions about the efficacy of pharmaceutical-grade chondroitin sulfate. This article reviews the evidence for the role of highly-purified pharmaceutical-grade chondroitin sulfate in the treatment of osteoarthritis and examines the efficacy and safety concerns of other formulations of chondroitin sulfate. Highly-purified pharmaceutical-grade chondroitin sulfate has mild-to-moderate efficacy in the treatment of symptomatic osteoarthritis, with clinically meaningful efficacy.

scholarly journals The serotonergic system and cognitive function

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dubravka Švob Štrac ◽  
Nela Pivac ◽  
Dorotea Mück-Šeler
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Targets ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Cognition Enhancement ◽  
And Function ◽  
Poor Concentration

AbstractSymptoms of cognitive dysfunction like memory loss, poor concentration, impaired learning and executive functions are characteristic features of both schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The neurobiological mechanisms underlying cognition in healthy subjects and neuropsychiatric patients are not completely understood. Studies have focused on serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) as one of the possible cognitionrelated biomarkers. The aim of this review is to provide a summary of the current literature on the role of the serotonergic (5-HTergic) system in cognitive function, particularly in AD and schizophrenia.The role of the 5-HTergic system in cognition is modulated by the activity and function of 5-HT receptors (5-HTR) classified into seven groups, which differ in structure, action, and localization. Many 5-HTR are located in the regions linked to various cognitive processes. Preclinical studies using animal models of learning and memory, as well as clinicalThe current evidence implies that reduced 5-HT neurotransmission negatively influences cognitive functions and that normalization of 5-HT activity may have beneficial effects, suggesting that 5-HT and 5-HTR represent important pharmacological targets for cognition enhancement and restoration of impaired cognitive performance in neuropsychiatric disorders.

scholarly journals Ketamine Treatment for Refractory Anxiety: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Tully ◽  
Amelia Dahlén ◽  
Connor Haggarty ◽  
Helgi Schiöth ◽  
Samantha Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
Anxiety Reduction ◽  
Competitive Antagonist ◽  
Administration Routes ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Nmda Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Fast Acting

There is a growing interest in the psychiatric properties of the dissociative anesthetic ketamine, as single doses have been shown to have fast-acting mood-enhancing and anxiolytic effects, which persist for up to a week after the main psychoactive symptoms have diminished. Therefore, ketamine poses potential beneficial effects in patients with refractory anxiety disorders, where other conventional anxiolytics have been ineffective. Ketamine is a non-competitive antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor, which underlies its induction of pain relief and anaesthesia. However, the role of NMDA receptors in anxiety reduction is still relatively unknown. To fill this paucity in the literature, this systematic review assesses the evidence that ketamine significantly reduces refractory anxiety and discusses to what extent this may be mediated by NMDA receptor antagonism. We highlight the temporary nature of the anxiolytic effects and discuss the high discrepancy among the study designs regarding many fundamental factors such as administration routes, complementary treatments, and other treatments.

scholarly journals Sarcopenia and Cognitive Function: Role of Myokines in Muscle Brain Cross-Talk

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Lucia Scisciola ◽  
Rosaria Anna Fontanella ◽  
Surina ◽  
Vittoria Cataldo ◽  
Giuseppe Paolisso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Geriatric Syndrome ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
And Function ◽  
Injury Protection

Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome characterized by the progressive degeneration of muscle mass and function, and it is associated with severe complications, which are falls, functional decline, frailty, and mortality. Sarcopenia is associated with cognitive impairment, defined as a decline in one or more cognitive domains as language, memory, reasoning, social cognition, planning, making decisions, and solving problems. Although the exact mechanism relating to sarcopenia and cognitive function has not yet been defined, several studies have shown that skeletal muscle produces and secrete molecules, called myokines, that regulate brain functions, including mood, learning, locomotor activity, and neuronal injury protection, showing the existence of muscle-brain cross-talk. Moreover, studies conducted on physical exercise supported the existence of muscle-brain cross-talk, showing how physical activity, changing myokines' circulating levels, exerts beneficial effects on the brain. The review mainly focuses on describing the role of myokines on brain function and their involvement in cognitive impairment in sarcopenia.

Research on the relationship between institutional investor research meeting and the performance of listed companies

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingqin Zhang ◽  
Yong Ye
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Institutional Investors ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Research Meeting ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically analyze the relationship between institutional investors research meeting and performance of companies being researched. Design/methodology/approach Using empirical research method, this study designs and conducts an empirical research according to empirical research’s basic norms. Thus, the authors acquire needed and credible empirical data. Findings By analyzing the empirical data, there is a significant positive effect between institutional investors research meeting and the earnings per share of company being researched. Improvement in the level of the research meetings of the institutional investors strengthens the external supervision of management, alleviates the information asymmetry between management and shareholders, improves the management efficiency of the company and ultimately increases the performance of the company. When the performance of a company is better, we can find that the role of II research meetings is more significant. In addition, II research meetings are better able to improve the performance of state-owned enterprises. Originality/value This study empirically analyzes and verifies the roles of institutional investors research meeting in improve the performance of the company being researched. The authors expand the channel of institutional investors research behaviors to improve the performance of listed companies by strengthening the supervision and restraint of management behavior. Additionally, via a reverse study, it is found that the situation of the researched company itself is also one of the factors that determine the results of institutional investors research meetings.

Incretins and Lipid Metabolism

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (18) ◽  
pp. 2133-2139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasilis Tsimihodimos ◽  
Moses Elisaf
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
English Language ◽  
Lipoprotein Metabolism ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Apolipoprotein B48 ◽  
And Function

Background: Recent findings indicate that incretin hormones and incretin-based therapies may affect the metabolism of lipoproteins, although the corresponding mechanisms are not clearly defined. Objective: To summarize the available data on the mechanisms linking incretins with the characteristics of serum lipoproteins and discuss the clinical implications of these relationships. Methods: PubMed was searched using the terms “incretins”, “GLP-1”, “GIP” and “lipids”, “dyslipidemia”, “triglycerides”, “apolipoprotein B48”. All articles published in the English language until June 2016 were assessed and the relevant information is presented here. Results: GLP-1, and therapies that increase its activity, exert a beneficial effect on lipoprotein metabolism that is translated in a reduction in the fasting and postprandial concentration of triglycerides and a small improvement in the concentration and function of HDLs. In addition, a shift towards larger, less atherogenic particles usually follows the administration of GLP-1 receptor agonists. The mechanisms that underlie these changes involve a direct effect of GLP- 1 on the hepatic and intestinal production of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, the GLP-1 induced increase in the production and function of insulin, the activation of specific areas of central nervous system as well as the increase in the peripheral utilization of triglycerides for energy production. On the other hand, GLP-2 increases the absorption of dietary fat and the production of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins while the role of GIP on lipid metabolism remains indeterminate. Conclusion: GLP-1 and incretin-based therapies favorably affect lipid metabolism. These effects may contribute to the beneficial effects of incretin-based therapies on atherosclerosis and fatty liver disease.

scholarly journals Alternatives to antibiotics for maximizing growth performance and feed efficiency in poultry: a review

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Gadde ◽  
W. H. Kim ◽  
S. T. Oh ◽  
Hyun S. Lillehoj
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
And Performance

AbstractWith the increase in regulations regarding the use of antibiotic growth promoters and the rise in consumer demand for poultry products from ‘Raised Without Antibiotics’ or ‘No Antibiotics Ever’ flocks, the quest for alternative products or approaches has intensified in recent years. A great deal of research has focused on the development of antibiotic alternatives to maintain or improve poultry health and performance. This review describes the potential for the various alternatives available to increase animal productivity and help poultry perform to their genetic potential under existing commercial conditions. The classes of alternatives described include probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, organic acids, enzymes, phytogenics, antimicrobial peptides, hyperimmune egg antibodies, bacteriophages, clay, and metals. A brief description of the mechanism of action, efficacy, and advantages and disadvantages of their uses are also presented. Though the beneficial effects of many of the alternatives developed have been well demonstrated, the general consensus is that these products lack consistency and the results vary greatly from farm to farm. Furthermore, their mode of action needs to be better defined. Optimal combinations of various alternatives coupled with good management and husbandry practices will be the key to maximize performance and maintain animal productivity, while we move forward with the ultimate goal of reducing antibiotic use in the animal industry.

The competing value framework model of organizational culture, innovation and performance

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Zeb ◽  
Fazal Akbar ◽  
Khawar Hussain ◽  
Adnan Safi ◽  
Muhammad Rabnawaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Power Company ◽  
Framework Model ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeInnovation is the basic input to organizational endurance; therefore, the study of processes that support innovation should be of interest to practitioners and researchers alike. Consequently, there is increasing attention for the supplementary research examination of the influencing elements of innovativeness.Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected in 2018 using adapted questionnaires that were tested. The respondents were 446 employees of Pakistan Electric Power Company (PEPCO). Bivariate correlations and hierarchical regression were used for the data analysis.FindingsThe findings showed that the competing value framework (CVF) model of organizational culture may promote innovativeness that translates to the progress of PEPCO, which deserved barrier for everyone relying on the values made by the culture of the organization. The adhocracy culture is considered to be statistically suitable for the prediction of performance and enhancement of innovation in the organization. Based on the above findings, it may be deduced that innovation mediated the relationship between some particular types of organizational culture and performance.Practical implicationsThe CVF model provides a supportive framework for the development of procedures that promote innovation in the organization. The focus of the CVF model highlighted employees' behavior and function of organizational culture, which can restrain or stimulate performance. This study reported and developed a basis for an empirical model based on the CVF model.Originality/valueThis paper found that the CVF model and innovation are mega sources of innovation at PEPCO. This work should be of interest in the area of innovation and performance improvement. There are very few empirical research studies on the relationship between organizational culture, innovation and performance, specifically in the context of developing countries. This is one of the very few studies conducted to empirically examine the influence of CVF model on performance through the mediating role of innovation in PEPCO.

scholarly journals Arthroscopy Association of Canada Position Statement on Exercise for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review of Guidelines

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 232596712110169
Author(s):  
Saad Masud ◽  
Brendan Sheehan ◽  
Alexis Rousseau-Saine ◽  
Allison Tucker ◽  
Emilie Sandman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Clinical Guidelines ◽  
Position Statement ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
And Function ◽  
Published Research

Background: Exercise is widely regarded to improve pain and function in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) through building supportive muscle mass, facilitating weight loss, and through the other beneficial effects associated with it. Purpose: To explore literature that presents clinical guidelines for the use of exercise in the treatment of knee OA to inform an evidence-based position statement for the Arthroscopy Association of Canada. Study Design: Position statement. Methods: PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for guidelines commenting on the role of exercise for knee OA. The search was limited to guidelines published in the last 10 years. Articles were screened for relevance, focusing on recently published research with clinical guidelines. Inclusion criteria involved all articles providing clinical guidelines for exercise and knee OA. Results: Eight guidelines were identified. All eight recommended exercise as an important component of treatment for knee OA, with 6/8 strongly recommending it. Conclusion: Exercise is an effective and important component of the non-pharmacological management of knee OA. The Arthroscopy Association of Canada strongly recommends the use of exercise in the management of knee OA.

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