scholarly journals Variables Associated With the Subjective Experience of Coercive Measures in Psychiatric Inpatients: A Systematic Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Aguilera-Serrano ◽  
Jose Guzman-Parra ◽  
Juan A Garcia-Sanchez ◽  
Berta Moreno-Küstner ◽  
Fermin Mayoral-Cleries
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Staff Support ◽  
Coercive Measures ◽  
Mechanical Restraint ◽  
Study Designs

Objective: This systematic review presents evidence regarding factors that may influence the patient’s subjective experience of an episode of mechanical restraint, seclusion, or forced administration of medication. Method: Two authors searched CINAHL, PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Psych-Info, considering published studies between 1 January 1992 and 1 February 2016. Based on the inclusion criteria and methodological quality, 34 studies were selected, reporting a total sample of 1,869 participants. Results: The results showed that the provision of information, contact and interaction with staff, and adequate communication with professionals are factors that influence the subjective experience of these measures. Humane treatment, respect, and staff support are also associated with a better experience, and debriefing is an important procedure/technique to reduce the emotional impact of these measures. Likewise, the quality of the working and physical environment and some individual and treatment variables were related to the experience of these measures. There are different results in relation to the most frequently associated experiences and, despite some data that indicate positive experiences, the evidence shows such experiences to be predominantly negative and frequently with adverse consequences. It seems that patients find forced medication and seclusion to be more tolerable than mechanical restraint and combined measures. Conclusions: It appears that the role of the staff and the environmental conditions, which are potentially modifiable, affect the subjective experience of these measures. There was considerable heterogeneity among studies in terms of coercive measures experienced by participants and study designs.

scholarly journals Systematic Review of the Integrative Medicine Recommendations for Patients with Pancreatic Cancer

Surgeries ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-230
Author(s):  
Andrew A. Gumbs ◽  
Manana Gogol ◽  
Gaya Spolverato ◽  
Hebatallah Taher ◽  
Elie K. Chouillard
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Integrative Medicine ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Nutrition Supplementation ◽  
Traditional Therapies ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Introduction: Integrative medicine (IM) is a relatively new field where non-traditional therapies with peer-reviewed evidence are incorporated or integrated with more traditional approaches. Methods: A systematic review of the literature from the last 10 years was done by searching clinical trials and randomized-controlled trials on Pubmed that discuss nutrition, supplementation, and lifestyle changes associated with “Pancreatic Cancer.” Results: Only 50 articles ultimately met the inclusion criteria for this review. A total of 15 articles discussed the role of obesity and 10 discussed the influence of stress in increasing the risk of pancreatic cancer. Six discussed the potential beneficial role of Vitamins, 5 of cannabinoids, 4 an anti-inflammatory diet, 3 of nut consumption, 2 of green tea consumption, 2 of curcumin supplementation, 1 role of melatonin, and 1 of probiotics. One article each was found on the theoretical benefits of adhering to either a Mediterranean or ketogenic diet. Discussion: As more surgeons become interested in IM, it is hoped that more diseases where the curative treatment is mainly surgical can benefit from the all-encompassing principles of IM in an effort to improve quality of life and survival in patients with pancreatic cancer.

scholarly journals Systematic Review of the Quality of Mindfulness-Based School Interventions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Lynd Phan ◽  
Tyler L Renshaw ◽  
Julie Caramanico ◽  
Jeffrey M. Greeson ◽  
Elizabeth MacKenzie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Attentional Focus ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
School Interventions ◽  
Youth Outcomes

We reviewed the effects of mindfulness-based school interventions (MBSIs) on youth outcomes. We evaluated seventy-three studies with a total sample a total of 11,906 students across five continents, assessing the quality of each study through a robust coding system for evidence-based guidelines. Coders rated studies as 1++ (systematic review) to 4 (expert opinion) for level of evidence. Outcomes were assigned a corresponding evidence quality letter grade, from strongest (A) to weakest (D) evidence. Outcomes fell into 11 categories: wellbeing, self-compassion, social functioning, mental health, self-regulation and emotionality, mindful awareness, attentional focus, psychological and physiological stress, problem behaviors, academic performance, and acceptability. Strongest evidence showed increased resilience and reduced anxiety. There was comparable improvement in depression and wellbeing across youth relative to control groups. We urge researchers interested in MBSIs to study their effectiveness using more rigorous designs to minimize bias and promote higher quality evidence to guide school-based practice.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 and the role of fomite transmission: a systematic review

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Igho J. Onakpoya ◽  
Carl J. Heneghan ◽  
Elizabeth A. Spencer ◽  
Jon Brassey ◽  
Annette Plüddemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Quality Of Reporting ◽  
Cycle Threshold ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Viral Culture ◽  
Mechanistic Pathway ◽  
General Wards ◽  
Study Designs

Background: SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been detected in fomites which suggests the virus could be transmitted via inanimate objects. However, there is uncertainty about the mechanistic pathway for such transmissions. Our objective was to identify, appraise and summarise the evidence from primary studies and systematic reviews assessing the role of fomites in transmission.  Methods: This review is part of an Open Evidence Review on Transmission Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2. We conduct ongoing searches using WHO Covid-19 Database, LitCovid, medRxiv, and Google Scholar; assess study quality based on five criteria and report important findings on an ongoing basis. Results: We found 64 studies: 63 primary studies and one systematic review (n=35). The settings for primary studies were predominantly in hospitals (69.8%) including general wards, ICU and SARS-CoV-2 isolation wards. There were variations in the study designs including timing of sample collection, hygiene procedures, ventilation settings and cycle threshold. The overall quality of reporting was low to moderate. The frequency of positive SARS-CoV-2 tests across 51 studies (using RT-PCR) ranged from 0.5% to 75%. Cycle threshold values ranged from 20.8 to 44.1. Viral concentrations were reported in 17 studies; however, discrepancies in the methods for estimation prevented comparison. Eleven studies (17.5%) attempted viral culture, but none found a cytopathic effect. Results of the systematic review showed that healthcare settings were most frequently tested (25/35, 71.4%), but laboratories reported the highest frequency of contaminated surfaces (20.5%, 17/83).  Conclusions: The majority of studies report identification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA on inanimate surfaces; however, there is a lack of evidence demonstrating the recovery of viable virus. Lack of positive viral cultures suggests that the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through fomites is low. Heterogeneity in study designs and methodology prevents comparisons of findings across studies. Standardized guidelines for conducting and reporting research on fomite transmission is warranted.

Psychosocial interventions to improve HIV treatment adherence: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanella Costa-Cordella ◽  
Alejandra Rossi ◽  
Aitana Grasso-Cladera ◽  
Javiera Duarte ◽  
Claudia P. Cortes
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Treatment Adherence ◽  
Peer Support ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Individual Counselling ◽  
Suboptimal Adherence ◽  
Study Designs

Introduction: The problem of suboptimal adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART) can be overcome through multidisciplinary management that includes evidence-based psychosocial interventions. Existing reviews focus only on randomized controlled trials, overlooking valuable interventions whose evidence comes from different study designs. This review aimed to synthesize the current state of the art in psychological interventions for ART adherence, integrating studies with a variety of research designs.Methods: We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. We searched five databases for articles reporting a psychosocial intervention to improve treatment adherence for people living with HIV. The quality of each study was analyzed, and the data summarized using a narrative synthesis method.Results and discussion: Twenty-six articles were identified for inclusion. Individual counselling was the most common intervention, followed by peer-support based interventions delivered virtually or in person. Most interventions mixed different strategies, combining technology with individual counselling and peer support. It is important to note that the quality of evidence was not dependent on the study design.Conclusion: While the evidence requires further advancement, the review provides insight into which psychosocial interventions are helpful in improving ART treatment adherence.

A Systematic Review of the Relationships Between Physical Activity and Sleep in Early Childhood

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Christine W. St. Laurent ◽  
Katrina Rodheim ◽  
Rebecca M.C. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Outcome Studies ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
Assessment Development ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Study Designs

The aim of this systematic review was to examine the associations between physical activity and sleep in children aged less than 6 years. Articles were included if participants were primarily aged less than 6 years and study designs were observational or experimental. Study characteristics were extracted, and the Grading Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework was used to assess study quality. Thirty-six studies (16 sleep, 16 physical activity, and three fitness outcomes) from 18 countries reported in 29 articles were included. The majority of sleep and physical activity outcome studies reported mixed effects with very low to low quality of evidence. Fitness outcome studies were limited, and therefore, evidence was insufficient. The high prevalence of mixed and null results could be related to study limitations. Importantly, this review points to the critical need for higher quality studies of sleep and physical activity in young children, which would support health recommendations and intervention strategies for healthier child development.

scholarly journals Can Medical Herbs Stimulate Regeneration or Neuroprotection and Treat Neuropathic Pain in Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy?

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Schröder ◽  
Kathrin Beckmann ◽  
Giovanna Franconi ◽  
Gesa Meyer-Hamme ◽  
Thomas Friedemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Receptor Agonist ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Neuronal Degeneration ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Acorus Calamus

Chemotherapy-induced neuropathy (CIPN) has a relevant impact on the quality of life of cancer patients. There are no curative conventional treatments, so further options have to be investigated. We conducted a systematic review in English and Chinese language databases to illuminate the role of medical herbs. 26 relevant studies on 5 single herbs, one extract, one receptor-agonist, and 8 combinations of herbs were identified focusing on the single herbsAcorus calamus rhizoma,Cannabis sativa fructus,Chamomilla matricaria,Ginkgo biloba,Salvia officinalis,Sweet bee venom,Fritillaria cirrhosae bulbus,and the herbal combinations Bu Yang Huan Wu, modified Bu Yang Huan Wu plus Liuwei Di Huang, modified Chai Hu Long Gu Mu Li Wan,Geranii herbaplusAconiti lateralis praeparata radix, Niu Che Sen Qi Wan (Goshajinkigan), Gui Zhi Jia Shu Fu Tang (Keishikajutsubuto), Huang Qi Wu Wu Tang (Ogikeishigomotsuto), and Shao Yao Gan Cao Tang(Shakuyakukanzoto). The knowledge of mechanism of action is still limited, the quality of clinical trials needs further improvement, and studies have not yielded enough evidence to establish a standard practice, but a lot of promising substances have been identified. While CIPN has multiple mechanisms of neuronal degeneration, a combination of herbs or substances might deal with multiple targets for the aim of neuroprotection or neuroregeneration in CIPN.

scholarly journals Obesity and dental caries: systematic review

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Emidio Ribeiro Silva ◽  
Ana Maria Baptista Menezes ◽  
Flavio Fernando Demarco ◽  
Fabiana Vargas-Ferreira ◽  
Marco Aurelio Peres
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Inverse Association

OBJECTIVE Identifying, through a systematic literature review, evidence of a possible association between obesity and dental caries. METHODS A search of articles published between 2005 and January 2012 was performed in the Medline/PubMed, LILACS and Web of Science databases. The quality of scientific evidence of the selected articles was assessed by the items proposed for observational studies in the Downs & Black instrument. RESULTS Initially, 537 references were found; after checking the titles and abstracts by two independent researchers, twenty-eight articles were selected for complete reading. Ten of them that assessed the primary and/or permanent dentition observed a positive association between obesity and dental caries and one study found an inverse association. According to the Downs & Black classification, thirteen articles with good scientific evidence were found. CONCLUSIONS The present review did not find sufficient evidence regarding the association between obesity and dental caries, and it did not clarify the possible role of diet and other possible effect modifiers on this association.

The Role of Cervical Dysfunction in Migraine: A Systematic Review

Cephalalgia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 474-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA Robertson ◽  
ME Morris
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Electronic Database ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Assessment Procedures

This systematic review evaluates the strength of the evidence for the role of cervical musculoskeletal dysfunction in migraine. In this review, cervical musculoskeletal dysfunction will refer to the abnormal sensory afferentation from cervical region structures contained within the receptive field of the trigeminocervical nucleus. Electronic database searches using MEDLINE, PubMed and CINAHL were performed, and 17 studies investigating cervical musculoskeletal dysfunction in people with migraine were selected for review. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed by two independent reviewers using a customized checklist. The review found that intersubject differences were inadequately reported and controlled, which resulted in grouping of participants with varying pathologies and symptoms. A diverse range of assessment procedures was used by the reviewed studies, which made comparison of their findings difficult. The assessment procedures were mainly used to quantify the degree of cervical musculoskeletal dysfunction, rather than to identify a cause and effect relationship between cervical structure and migrainous pain. Although animal study evidence proposes a role for cervical musculoskeletal dysfunction in migraine, this systematic review of the literature found that there is currently no convincing evidence to confirm this phenomenon in humans.

scholarly journals Endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with cystic fibrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of pulmonary function

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 360-369
Author(s):  
K.I. Macdonald ◽  
A. Gipsman ◽  
A. Magit ◽  
M. Fandino ◽  
E. Massoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Endoscopic Sinus Surgery ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Intravenous Antibiotics

Introduction: The role of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is not clearly defined. Objective: TO perform a systematic review of subjective and objective outcomes of ESS in CF. Methods: A systematic review was performed using the keywords 'sinusitis,' 'sinus surgery,' 'nasal polyps' and 'cystic fibrosis.' The quality of papers was assessed using the NICE scoring scale. Outcomes included safety, subjective symptoms, objective endoscopy scores, days spent in hospital, courses of antibiotics, and pulmonary function tests (PFTs). Results: Nineteen studies involving 586 patients were included in the review. There were four prospective cohort trials, and three were rated as good quality. There were no major complications attributable to ESS. There was consistent evidence in four cohort studies of improved sinonasal symptoms, including nasal obstruction, facial pain, headaches, rhinorrhea and olfaction. Three studies reported conflicting results in post-operative endoscopy scores. Three studies showed a decrease in days spent in hospital, and two showed a significant decrease in courses of intravenous antibiotics. A recent study, however, did not show a difference in either days spent in hospital or courses of antibiotics. Pulmonary function tests were not improved by ESS in six cohort trials, and one small study found significant improvement. A meta-analysis of FEV1 scores confirmed no significant difference. Conclusion: THE most consistent findings of this review were that ESS in patients with CF is safe, produces symptomatic benefit, and does not consistently improve PFTs. There were more conflicting results with regards to endoscopy scores, days spent in hospital, and courses of intravenous antibiotics. Future prospective studies, utilizing validated quality of life, symptom and endoscopy scales, are needed to further elucidate the role of ESS in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis in CF patients.

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