scholarly journals Cytokine concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from children with severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP) from Shanghai

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
bingru yin ◽  
Min Lu ◽  
Guodong Ding ◽  
Na Dong ◽  
Xiaoyan Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Hospitalization Costs ◽  
Severe Community Acquired Pneumonia

Background: It has been well known that overreaction of host immune systems plays a critical role in severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP). However, few of previous studies focused on the association between cytokine concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and SCAP. Object: We examined cytokine concentrations in BALF from children with SCAP and explored predictive value of cytokine concentrations for SCAP. Method: It was a retrospective study. A total of 100 children with SCAP who underwent parallel bronchoalveolar lavage between July 2017 and June 2019 were enrolled. 100 patients with mild community-acquired pneumonia (MCAP) who were admitted to the hospital were matched based on age and sex during the same time period . Basic clinical information were collected. Flow cytometry was used to determine the cytokine concentrations in BALF. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to analyze their predictive value for SCAP. Result: A total of 106 males and 94 females were included in this study. The results showed that the CRP, PCT, ESR, LDH, and D-dimer were significantly increased in the SCAP group. The SCAP patients also had longer fever duration, hospitalization stays, and higher hospitalization costs. The IL-5，IL-17A，IL-18，and TnF-α in BALF of SCAP group were significantly higher than those in MCAP group. ROC curve analysis demonstrated AUC of those cytokines were all among 0.5~0.7. Conclusion: The IL-5，IL-17A，IL-18，and TnF-α in BALF of children with SCAP group were highe. However, the efficacy of those cytokines in the clinical diagnosis of SCAP is not excellent to be used as a predictor.

scholarly journals Evaluation of LBM415 (NVP PDF-713), a Novel Peptide Deformylase Inhibitor, for Treatment of Experimental Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 4128-4136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Fonseca-Aten ◽  
Christine M. Salvatore ◽  
Asunción Mejías ◽  
Ana M. Ríos ◽  
Susana Chávez-Bueno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Placebo Treatment ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Peptide Deformylase ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Days Of Therapy ◽  
Ifn Γ

ABSTRACT Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a major cause of community-acquired pneumonia. We evaluated the efficacy of LBM415, a novel peptide deformylase inhibitor antimicrobial agent, for the treatment of M. pneumoniae pneumonia in a mouse model. Eight-week-old BALB/c mice were intranasally inoculated once with 107 CFU of M. pneumoniae. Groups of mice were treated with LBM415 (50 mg/kg of body weight) or placebo subcutaneously daily for 13 days, starting 24 h after inoculation. Groups of mice were evaluated at the baseline; at days of treatment 1, 3, 6, and 13; and at 7 days after treatment. The MIC of LBM415 against M. pneumoniae was <0.005 μg/ml. LBM415-treated mice had significantly lower bronchoalveolar lavage fluid M. pneumoniae concentrations than placebo-treated mice on days 6 and 13 of treatment. Compared with placebo treatment, therapy with LBM415 significantly decreased lung histopathology scores at days 3, 6, and 13 of treatment and at 7 days after treatment. Airway obstruction was significantly lower in LBM415-treated mice than in placebo-treated mice on days 1, 3, and 6 of treatment and after 7 days of therapy, while airway hyperresponsiveness was significantly lower only on day 3 of therapy. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha, gamma interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-12, KC (functional IL-8), monocyte chemotactic protein 1, macrophage inflammatory protein 1α, monokine induced by IFN-γ, and IFN-inducible protein 10 were significantly reduced in LBM415-treated mice compared with the levels in placebo-treated mice. There were no differences in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid concentrations of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 between the two groups of mice. LBM415 therapy had beneficial microbiologic, histologic, respiratory, and immunologic effects on acute murine M. pneumoniae pneumonia.

scholarly journals Rapid Diagnosis of Childhood Pulmonary Tuberculosis by Xpert MTB/RIF Assay Using Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing-Qin Yin ◽  
Wei-Wei Jiao ◽  
Rui Han ◽  
An-Xia Jiao ◽  
Lin Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

In order to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay on childhood pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), we evaluated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of Xpert MTB/RIF assay using BALF in comparison with acid-fast bacilli (AFB) microscopy andMycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB) culture for diagnosing childhood PTB using Chinese “composite clinical reference standard” (CCRS) as reference standard. Two hundred fifty-five children with suspected PTB were enrolled at Beijing Children’s Hospital from September 2010 to July 2013. Compared with Chinese CCRS, the sensitivity of AFB microscopy, MTB culture, and Xpert MTB/RIF assay was 8.4%, 28.9%, and 53.0%, respectively. The specificity of three assays was all 100%. Xpert MTB/RIF assay could detect 33.9% of cases with negative MTB culture, and 48.7% of cases with negative AFB microscopy. Younger age (<3 years), absence of BCG scar, and contact with TB patient were found significantly associated with a positive result of Xpert MTB/RIF assay. In conclusion, Xpert MTB/RIF assay using BALF can assist in diagnosing childhood PTB much faster when fiberoptic bronchoscopy is necessary according to the chest radiograph.

scholarly journals TGF-β1, IL-6 and TNF-α in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid: Useful Markers for Lung Cancer?

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongbo Chen ◽  
Zhiwei Xu ◽  
Shifang Sun ◽  
Yiming Yu ◽  
Dan Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Tgf Β1

Characterization of LPS-induced lung inflammation incftr−/−mice and the effect of docosahexaenoic acid

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 2169-2176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven D. Freedman ◽  
Deborah Weinstein ◽  
Paola G. Blanco ◽  
Pedro Martinez-Clark ◽  
Serge Urman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Inflammatory Parameters ◽  
Inflammatory Protein ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Factor Α

The mechanism by which Pseudomonas causes excessive inflammation in the cystic fibrosis lung is unclear. We have reported that arachidonic acid is increased and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) decreased in lung, pancreas, and ileum from cftr−/−mice. Oral DHA corrected this defect and reversed the pathology. To determine which mediators regulate inflammation in lungs from cftr−/−mice and whether inhibition occurs with DHA, cftr−/−and wild-type (WT) mice were exposed to aerosolized Pseudomonas lipopolysaccharide (LPS). After 2 days of LPS, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), macrophage inflammatory protein-2, and KC levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were increased in cftr−/−compared with WT mice and not suppressed by pretreatment with oral DHA. Neutrophil levels were not different between cftr−/−and WT mice. After 3 days of aerosolized LPS, neutrophil concentration, TNF-α, and the eicosanoids 6-keto-PGF1α, PGF2α, PGE2, and thromboxane B2were all increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from cftr−/−mice compared with WT controls. Oral DHA had no significant effect on TNF-α levels in cftr−/−mice. In contrast, neutrophils and eicosanoids were decreased in cftr−/−but not in WT mice treated with DHA, indicating that the effects of DHA on these inflammatory parameters may be related to correction of the membrane lipid defect.

Effects of mechanical ventilation at low lung volume on respiratory mechanics and nitric oxide exhalation in normal rabbits

2005 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgardo D'Angelo ◽  
Matteo Pecchiari ◽  
Patrizia Della Valle ◽  
Antonia Koutsoukou ◽  
Joseph Milic-Emili
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Lung Mechanics ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Open Chest ◽  
Interstitial Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Low Volume

Lung mechanics, exhaled NO (NOe), and TNF-α in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were assessed in eight closed and eight open chest, normal anesthetized rabbits undergoing prolonged (3–4 h) mechanical ventilation (MV) at low volume with physiological tidal volumes (10 ml/kg). Relative to initial MV on positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), MV at low volume increased lung quasi-static elastance (+267 and +281%), airway (+471 and +382%) and viscolelastic resistance (+480 and +294%), and decreased NOe (−42 and −25%) in closed and open chest rabbits, respectively. After restoration of PEEP, viscoelastic resistance returned to control, whereas airway resistance remained elevated (+120 and +31%) and NOe low (−25 and −20%) in both groups of rabbits. Elastance remained elevated (+23%) only in closed-chest animals, being associated with interstitial pulmonary edema, as reflected by increased lung wet-to-dry weight ratio with normal albumin concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In contrast, in 16 additional closed- and open-chest rabbits, there were no changes of lung mechanics or NOe after prolonged MV on PEEP only. At the end of prolonged MV, TNF-α was practically undetectable in serum, whereas its concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was low and similar in animals subjected or not subjected to ventilation at low volume (62 vs. 43 pg/ml). These results indicate that mechanical injury of peripheral airways due to their cyclic opening and closing during ventilation at low volume results in changes in lung mechanics and reduction in NOe and that these alterations are not mediated by a proinflammatory process, since this is expressed by TNF-α levels.

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