scholarly journals TRANSDISCIPLINARITY THEORY THROUGH PLATO PHILOSOPHY, TAOISM, ALCHEMICAL TRADITION AND JUNGIAN PSYCHOLOGY

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEONARDO DA SILVA GUIMARÃES MARTINS DA COSTA
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Jungian Psychology ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Psychological Types ◽  
Modern Physics ◽  
Principle Of Duality ◽  
Core Idea ◽  
Personal Behavior

Transdisciplinary is a paradigm based on the integration and balance of opposite points of view (dualities). This paper methodology involves transdisciplinarity applied to problem solutions, mainly from 1) Plato philosophy; 2) Taoist principle of duality Yin Yang, 3) Jungian psychology, so connected to modern physics and 4) Weil, Leloup and Crema psychological vision of holistic transdisciplinarity. Our findings in this regard involves Figure 11 for Jungian functions and Figure 12 model for problem solving through duality plus four elements. The objective is to create a comprehensive understanding of reality through Plato and Taoist philosophies, Alchemical tradition and Jungian psychology improved by the MBTI system, as tools for problem solving. Understanding the psychological types types to comprehend on how to achieve the best of each one, due to their innate strengths and capacities, so that a synergy of results can be created within the relationships. The MBTI serves both i) for self-knowledge, to make his own self-management on a day-to-day life, and ii) to understand how other people work psychologically, so that a synergy can be created in the process of relationships. The applied transdisciplinary approach is based on the principles of i) duality – interaction and integration of opposites, specially the analytical and synthetic methods and ii) four elements - rationality, feasibility, reasonableness and meaning. However, it is not a simplistic or a magical-vitalistic approach as it may seem to rationalists at first, as far as modern physics is concerned. The holistic view of reality, including holology (the study of the whole) and holopraxis (the praxis of the whole) can´t be confused with political ideology, something that happens very frequently to scientificists, who consider themselves "exempt" and “impartial”. Finally, the core idea is to promote transformation of the culture and personal behavior, connected to reasonableness and meaning, emotional and intuitive intelligences, mainly because of psychological sustainability and mental health.  

Political Ideologies and Penality

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zelia A. Gallo
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
Social Democracy ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Crime And Punishment ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
Dominant Ideologies

The literature on contemporary Western punishment presents us with a number of possible approaches to political ideologies and penality. The first approach requires us to ask what different political ideologies have to say about crime and punishment. This entails a close analysis of the ideologies’ main claims on matters of power, authority, and collective co-existence, to see if and how such claims have played out in the penal sphere. Analyses of social democratic penality serve here as useful case studies for such an approach. Such analyses also illustrate the second approach to questions of political ideology and penality. This approach requires us to ask what impact crime has had upon the fate of different ideologies. Have the changing incidence and changing perceptions of crime come to threaten the legitimacy of dominant ideologies? The third approach is that of critique of ideology: penality is studied as ideology, to discern what it conceals about reality and existing power relations. Here the analysis of contemporary UK offences of dangerousness acts as a case study for such an approach. To the extent that offences of dangerousness are rooted in neoliberalism, the discussion also introduces us to debates concerning neoliberalism and penality, in particular the idea that contemporary punishment expresses both the ascendancy of neoliberal doxa, and the decline of existing macro-ideologies such as social democracy. This decline can be seen as a move toward a post-ideological era, in which crime and punishment have come to replace political visions and utopias. However, recent scholarship on political ideologies argues that the latter are ubiquitous and permanent features of political thinking. This implies that the contemporary era cannot be described as post-ideological. Rather, it is an era in which macro-ideologies such as social democracy—which provided a holistic view of social order and comprehensive ideational resources to construct it—have been replaced by thin ideologies—which offer us narrower visions and ambitions. Examples of such thin ideologies include populism and technocracy. It is then possible to study the link between thin-ideologies and penality, a study that is here exemplified by the analysis of populism and penal populism, and technocracy and epistemic crime control. An analysis of thin ideologies and penality can also be undertaken with a normative project in mind, namely that of identifying within these thin ideologies, possible ideational resources that might be used to imagine a better penal future: one that is more moderate, more democratic, and less punitive.

scholarly journals STUDENT DIFFICULTIES IN SOLVING PROBLEMS CONCERNING SPECIAL RELATIVITY AND POSSIBLE REASONS FOR THESE DIFFICULTIES

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-582
Author(s):  
Zafer Tanel
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Special Relativity ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Frames Of Reference ◽  
Student Difficulties ◽  
Modern Physics ◽  
Fundamental Equations ◽  
Physics Course

There are two main purposes of this study. The first is to determine the basic difficulties of students in solving problems about the theory of special relativity, and the second is to identify the possible causes leading to these difficulties. To achieve these goals, 3 open-ended questions were administered to the participants. These questions were answered by 78 students who had been enrolled in a modern physics course. Out of 78 students, 24 students were selected for interviewing. Commonly used textbooks were also analyzed in order to determine whether there are differences in content. The results of the analysis showed that the students had difficulties in selecting the proper frames of reference. In addition, they could not use the concepts included in the fundamental equations accurately in accordance with their meanings. The main reasons behind these difficulties seem to be the improper generalizations of students. Moreover, the different representations of the fundamental equations in the various textbooks were also seen as the reason for the difficulties students encountered. Key words: problem solving, student difficulties, special relativity.

scholarly journals Studying science denial with a complex problem-solving task

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Sulik ◽  
Ryan McKay
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Complex Problem Solving ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Individual Cognition ◽  
Problem Solving Task ◽  
Hypothesis Evaluation

Explanations of science denial rooted in individual cognition tend to focus on general trait-like factors such as cognitive style, conspiracist ideation or delusional ideation. However, we argue that this focus typically glosses over the concrete, mechanistic elements of belief formation, such as hypothesis generation, data gathering, or hypothesis evaluation. We show, empirically, that such elements predict variance in science denial not accounted for by cognitive style, even after accounting for social factors such as political ideology. We conclude that a cognitive account of science denial would benefit from the study of complex (i.e., open-ended, multi-stage) problem solving that incorporates these mechanistic elements.

Root-Cause Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
Greg Fisher ◽  
John E. Wisneski ◽  
Rene M. Bakker
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Root Cause Analysis ◽  
Causal Chain ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Cause Analysis ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Underlying Theory ◽  
Core Idea ◽  
Undesirable Outcome

A root-cause analysis is used to identify the initiating, or root, of a causal chain that leads to an observed undesirable outcome. It is useful in helping managers to focus their problem-solving efforts on providing remedies to issues that actually prevent the undesirable outcome from recurring. Failure to identify the root cause of a problem often leads to time spent on removing causal factors, which can alleviate the symptoms of a problem yet may not prevent recurrence with full certainty. This chapter discusses the underlying theory, core idea, depiction, process, insight or value created, and risks and limitations of root-cause analysis. The chapter also discusses the illustration of the DISH Network and applies the steps of root-cause analysis to this case.

scholarly journals Holistic View of Intuition and Analysis in Leadership Decision-Making and Problem-Solving

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Leonie Hallo ◽  
Tiep Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Senior Leaders ◽  
Business World ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Turbulent Environments ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
Prior Literature ◽  
Visual Description

Making decisions is a key task for leaders and managers. Senior leaders are currently exposed to increasing amounts of data which they must process quickly in our current dynamic world. Complex factors in the business world are not always best approached through an analytical framework. Using tacit knowledge gained through intuition can enable a more holistic understanding of the deep nature of today’s problems. This paper takes an expansive view of decision-making with intuition right at the centre and canvasses understandings of intuition arising from philosophy, psychology, Western and Eastern beliefs; and proposes a model that relates intuition to other problem-solving approaches. The paper presents the results of interviews with senior leaders who must make difficult decisions in complex turbulent environments. The interview schedule is based on questions raised in a prior literature search concerning the relationship between intuition and analysis in complexity decision-making and problem-solving, the usefulness to this group of respondents, the possibilities of combining both approaches and any conflict arising from that combination, and understandings of the concept of intuition by these respondents. The resultant model presents a visual description of a process that moves from exterior assessment achieved via sensing and analysis, through to deeper understandings and a more holistic discernment gained through intuition. The model has the potential to assist leaders faced with difficult-to-solve problems in providing a better understanding of the steps involved in tackling problems of increasing levels of complexity.

Political Ideology and Public Health in the Nineteenth Century

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Tesh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Western World ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
Personal Behavior ◽  
Epidemic Diseases ◽  
Disease Causality

A study of early-nineteenth-century disease prevention practices in the Western world reveals four competing theories about the causes of epidemic diseases: a contagion theory, a personal behavior theory, a supernatural theory, and an environmental theory. With the exception of the supernatural approach, these explanations for illness closely resemble the theories advanced today to account for chronic diseases. In both periods disease causality theories have been more than medical postulates; they have also implied political ideologies.

A Holistic View of Problem Solving

1973 ◽  
Vol 20 (4-part-i) ◽  
pp. 439-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin M. Bartee
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Holistic View
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