scholarly journals Optical Braille Blocks for Visually Impaired Elementary Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-214
Author(s):  
Attiya Baqai ◽  
Maria Jan ◽  
Rafay Rasheed Maher
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Education ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Audio Feedback ◽  
Special Schools ◽  
Optical Detectors ◽  
Blind Children ◽  
Learning Through Play ◽  
Special Children ◽  
Math Game

Learning through play has always proved its effectiveness in elementary education and has yielded prolific results. Although there are trained instructors, special schools, specific toys and facilities for Visually Impaired (VI), yet the communication between tutors and special children holds a significant gap. Also, tools in market are either too expensive or available in limited quantity in underdeveloped countries. This paper presents a cost effective solution for visually impaired children to play and learn via Braille blocks. These blocks are designed by embossed motives representing numbers, alphabets, shapes and mathematical operators with Infra-Red (IR) tags. The blocks transmit Infrared codes when come in contact with the system. The Braille Blocks System consists of a battery, optical detectors and controller which performs detection and processing of selected IR pattern. This system comprises of three different learning modules namely Words Game, Shapes Game and Math Game. These modules are further divided into several sub-game sections so that the children can learn and improve their communication and academic skills. The presence of audio feedback elevates a child’s capabilities to memorize and concentrate on self-learning and spatial coordination in a fascinating way. The designed system was tested on 20 blind children in “National Special Education Complex” Karachi, Pakistan and an assessment was conducted on basis of different types of errors encountered by children. The suitability of the system was also evaluated by taking feedback from blind students through a questionnaire, proving its effectiveness with 79% of blind children giving either good or very good feedback.

scholarly journals Balance and motor coordination are not fully developed in 7 years old blind children

2004 ◽  
Vol 62 (3a) ◽  
pp. 654-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréa Sanchez Navarro ◽  
Marcia Maiumi Fukujima ◽  
Sissy Veloso Fontes ◽  
Sandro Luiz de Andrade Matas ◽  
Gilmar Fernandes do Prado
Keyword(s):  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Psychomotor Development ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Blind Children ◽  
Spatial Parameters ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Impaired Children ◽  
Visually Impaired Children

Visually impaired children show difficulties in recognizing their own bodies, objects around then and the spatial parameters that are essential for independent movement. This study analyzes the neuro-psychomotor development of a group of congenitally visually impaired children as compared to children with normal sight. We have evaluated two groups of seven-year-olds by means of neurological evolution examination (NEE). The group studied comprised 20 blind children and the control group comprised 20 children with normal sight, and they were paired up according to age and gender. In some tests, the blind children were guided by touch. The visually impaired children performed worse in tests evaluating balance and appendage coordination compared to normal sighted children (p< 0.001), and this suggests that visual deficiency impairs children's neuro-psychomotor development.

scholarly journals A Hands-Free Obstacle Detection and Avoidance System

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 801-804
Author(s):  
M. Abdul-Niby ◽  
M. Alameen ◽  
O. Irscheid ◽  
M. Baidoun ◽  
H. Mourtada
Keyword(s):  
Obstacle Avoidance ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Obstacle Detection ◽  
Text To Speech ◽  
Voice Signal ◽  
Visually Impaired People ◽  
Impaired People ◽  
The Voice

In this paper, we present a low cost hands-free detection and avoidance system designed to provide mobility assistance for visually impaired people. An ultrasonic sensor is attached to the jacket of the user and detects the obstacles in front. The information obtained is transferred to the user through audio messages and also by a vibration. The range of the detection is user-defined. A text-to-speech module is employed for the voice signal. The proposed obstacle avoidance device is cost effective, easy to use and easily upgraded.

A cost effective electronic braille for visually impaired individuals

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Ehtesham Adnan ◽  
Noor Muhammad Dastagir ◽  
Jafrina Jabin ◽  
Ahmed Masud Chowdhury ◽  
Mohammad Rezaul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Cost Effective

Relationship between the Development of Language and Thought in Young Blind Children

1990 ◽  
Vol 84 (8) ◽  
pp. 414-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bigelow
Keyword(s):  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Object Permanence ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Language And Thought ◽  
Blind Children ◽  
Development Of Language ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the development of object permanence and early words was studied in three young boys, two totally blind from birth and one severely visually impaired. Auditory and tactile tasks analogous to traditional visual object-permanence tasks were presented to the children at monthly intervals, and their first 50 words and the context in which the words were said were recorded by their mothers and collected monthly. All three boys acquired early words within the age range for sighted children, but their usage of the words was different. The two blind boys but not the visually impaired boy were delayed in their development of object permanence. The relationship between the acquisition of early words and the development of object permanence suggests that the emergence of language is not dependent on a stable understanding of the existence and permanence of objects.

The Effects of Distance and Intervening Obstacles on Visual Inference in Blind and Sighted Children

1991 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann E. Bigelow
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Perceptual Experience ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
The Other ◽  
Only Children ◽  
Blind And Visually Impaired ◽  
Blind Children ◽  
Impaired Children ◽  
Visually Impaired Children

Totally blind, visually impaired, and normally sighted children participated in a longitudinal study in which they were asked if an observer could see the toy they were holding from varying distances in three different tasks: (1) in front of the child with no intervening obstacles between the observer and the toy; (2) behind the child with the child's body as an intervening obstacle; (3) in front of the child with walls or furniture as intervening obstacles. Visually impaired and normally sighted children were given the tasks in both blindfold and nonblindfold conditions. The totally blind children mastered the tasks later than the other groups of children. The totally blind and visually impaired children in the blindfold condition made more mistakes in Tasks 1 and 2 when the observer was over 1 metre from them than when she was less than 1 metre from them. The totally blind children had more difficulty on Task 3 than the other children, and were the only children to make mistakes when walls were the intervening obstacles between the observer and the toy. The results suggest that blind children have difficulty understanding the effects of distance and intervening obstacles on vision and that their mistaken ideas may be based on analogies to their own perceptual experience.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgina Kleege
Keyword(s):  
Visual Art ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Art Museum ◽  
Visual Artists ◽  
Blind And Visually Impaired ◽  
Potential Consumer ◽  
Visually Impaired People ◽  
Blind Children ◽  
Impaired People ◽  
Access Programs

The introduction gives an overview of the book as a whole with a summary of all the chapters. The author positions herself in relation to the topic as the blind daughter of two visual artists, therefore both a potential consumer of museum access programs, while simultaneously critical of their shortcomings. She observes that museum access programs typically seem designed either for blind children or else for blind adults who have led such isolated lives that they are unfamiliar with terms associated with vision and visual art. The author also speculates on how this study of one minority—blind and visually impaired people—and one cultural site—the art museum—could serve as a model for future inquiry.

Intelligence Profiles of Low Vision and Blind Children

1992 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Groenveld ◽  
J.E. Jan
Keyword(s):  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Response Pattern ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Blind Children ◽  
Impaired Children ◽  
Visually Impaired Children ◽  
Consistent Response

This article reports on an analysis of the WISC-R and WPPSI profiles of 118 visually impaired children without additional neurological problems. A consistent response pattern on the Wechsler batteries emerged, suggesting that the verbal as well as the performance tests can provide useful assessment information.

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