scholarly journals Diet optimization for dairy cows to reduce ammonia emissions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dzidra Kreismane ◽  
◽  
Elita Aplocina ◽  
Kaspars Naglis-Liepa ◽  
Laima Berzina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
Nitrogen Emissions ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Emission Reduction Potential ◽  
Lactation Phase

Feeding livestock a balanced diet with a differentiated crude protein (CP) content, depending on the lactation phase can reduce nitrogen emissions from livestock excrement and urine. A higher content of non-starch polysaccharides in livestock diets improves feed absorption in the livestock body and, consequently, nitrogen is emitted more from protein present in livestock manure than from urea acid present in livestock urine. The aim of the study is to calculate the ammonia emission reduction potential in Latvia by optimizing the feeding of dairy cows and ensuring life longevity, as well as provide justification for ammonia emission reduction in dairy farms. Calculations made by using the NorFor Model for optimization of dairy cow (Bos primigenius f. taurus) diets revealed that compared with lowyielding cows, a higher CP content diet fed to high-yielding cows at the beginning of lactation increased the amount of nitrogen (N) in their excrement and urine by 90–180 g d-1. Reducing the CP content in the cow diet by an average of 10 g kg-1 dry matter (DM) during mid-lactation resulted in the same trend. Reducing the CP content in the cow diet during late lactation and the dry period by another 20–30 g kg-1 of DM, N emissions from excrement and urine significantly decreased. Increasing the lifespan of dairy cows also means reducing ammonia emissions from the farm. By increasing the number of lactations per cow on dairy farm, it is possible to reduce the number of heifers per cow. The total reduction of ammonia emissions in Latvia was calculated based on a long-term projection of a decrease of 0.1 heifer per dairy cow. Ammonia emissions could be reduced by 0.051 kt by decreasing the number of heifers by 12.54 thou. at the planned increase in the lifespan of dairy cows by 2030.

An Investigation on Aldehyde and Ammonia Emissions from a 4-Stroke Gasoline-Fueled Motorcycle. Ammonia Emission Reduction by using a SCR Catalyst

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Carlos Daemme ◽  
Renato de Arruda Penteado ◽  
Cláudio Furlan ◽  
Marcelo Errera ◽  
Fátima M. Z. Zotin
Keyword(s):  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
Scr Catalyst

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT NEW BEDDING MATERIALS ON AMMONIA EMISSION FROM DAIRY COW SLURRY

AGROFOR ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarit HELLSTEDT ◽  
Hannu E.S. HAAPALA
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Canary Grass ◽  
Bedding Materials ◽  
By Products ◽  
Cow Slurry

Agriculture is the most significant source of Ammonia emission that causes e.g. loss of Nitrogen from agricultural systems. Manure is the main source of Ammonia emissions and causes losses in the nutrient cycles of agriculture as well as local odour nuisance. By using different bedding materials, it is possible to reduce both the Ammonia emissions and to improve the cycling of nutrient. Peat is known as an effective litter material but its use as a virtually non-renewable resource is questionable. Therefore, we need to find new bedding materials to replace peat. In this study, the effect of ten different industrial by-products, reeds and stalks to reduce Ammonia emissions was tested in laboratory in January 2020. Dairy cow slurry and bedding materials were mixed in a volume ratio of 4:1. The Ammonia emission was measured for two weeks once or twice a day. Measurements were performed with a photoacoustic method. The results show that all tested materials reduce the Ammonia emission from the cow slurry used. Interesting new materials to substitute peat are zero fiber and briquetted textile waste. Wheat bran, pellets made of reed canary grass and chopped bulrush had the best effect which is at the same level as that of peat. However, no statistically significant differences between the calculated emission rates were found.

Ammonia emission from dairy cow manure stored in a lagoon over summer

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
S M McGinn ◽  
T. Coates ◽  
T K Flesch ◽  
B. Crenna
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Sonic Anemometer ◽  
Stochastic Approach ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
N Pollution ◽  
Significant Pathway ◽  
Dairy Cow Manure

It is recognized that volatilized ammonia (NH3) from intensive livestock production can be a significant pathway for nitrogen (N) pollution to land and water, and can contribute to poor air quality. The objectives of our study were to document NH3 emissions from a dairy lagoon and to assess the influence of meteorology on NH3 emissions. Ammonia emissions were determined using a backward Lagrangian Stochastic approach using WindTrax software, an open-path NH3 laser and a sonic anemometer. Results indicate that an average 5.1 ± 1.6 g NH3 m-2 d-1 was released over the summer; however, the emission varied typically over 24 h between 3.6 and 8.6 g NH3 m-2 d-1. Wind speed and surface temperature of the lagoon had similar influences on the magnitude of the release, where their direct impact on NH3 emission accounted for 28 and 31% of the variability, respectively. The main implication of this study is that NH3 losses are significant from dairy lagoons, contributing to the issue of N pollution. As well, NH3 emissions are a loss of valuable N for manure used as fertilizer, which in our study amounted to approximately 13% of the total ammoniacal N content of the manure in the lagoon. Key words: Ammonia, dairy, manure, cattle, dispersion model

scholarly journals Improving detection of dairy cow estrus using fuzzy logic

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 503-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro dos Anjos Brunassi ◽  
Daniella Jorge de Moura ◽  
Irenilza de Alencar Nääs ◽  
Marcos Martinez do Vale ◽  
Silvia Regina Lucas de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
System Validation ◽  
Estrus Detection ◽  
The Right ◽  
Production Losses

Production losses due to lack of precision in detecting estrus in dairy cows are well known and reported in milk production countries. Nowadays automatic estrus detection has become possible as a result of technical progress in continuously monitoring dairy cows using fuzzy pertinence functions. Dairy cow estrus is usually visually detected; however, solely use of visual detection is considered inefficient. Many studies have been carried out to develop an effective model to interpret the occurrence of estrus and detect estrus; however, most models present too many false-positive alerts and because of this they are sometimes considered unreliable. The objective of this research was to construct a system based on fuzzy inference functions evaluated with a receiver-operating characteristic curve, capable of efficiently detect estrus in dairy cows. For the input data the system combined previous estrus cases information and prostaglandin application with the data of cow activities. The system outputs were organized in three categories: 'in estrus', 'maybe in estrus" and 'not in estrus'. The system validation was carried out in a commercial dairy farm using a herd of 350 lactating cows. The performance of the test was measured by calculating its sensitivity towards the right estrus detection; and its specificity towards the precision of the detection. Within a six months period of tests, over 25 thousands cases of estrus were analyzed from a database of the commercial farm. The sensitivity found was 84.2%, indicating that the system can detect estrus efficiently and it may improve automatic estrus detection.

scholarly journals Serum thyroid hormone evaluation during transition periods in dairy cows

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Fiore ◽  
G. Piccione ◽  
M. Gianesella ◽  
V. Praticò ◽  
I. Vazzana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
Multiple Comparison Test ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Northeastern Italy ◽  
Serum Thyroid Hormone

Abstract. Thirty-five multiparous Holstein dairy cows were selected from a high-producing dairy farm in northeastern Italy: 16 in second lactation (L2), 10 in third lactation (L3) and 9 in fourth lactation (L4). Blood sampling was carried out 7 ± 5 days before calving (Pre/C) and 7 ± 5 days after calving (Post/C). Serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and a thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were assessed. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed statistically significant effects of class (L2, L3, L4) and of period (Pre/C, Post/C) on the parameters studied (T3, T4, TSH). In particular, Bonferroni's multiple comparison test showed lower values in post-calving than in the pre-calving in L2 and L3 for TSH; lower values in post-calving than in the pre-calving in L2 for T3; and lower values in post-calving than in the pre-calving in L2, L3 and L4 for T4. Our results improve the knowledge of endocrine and metabolic changes occurring in dairy cows during transition periods and may be useful to supply a new strategy for the improvement of dairy cow farm management and reproductive performance.

scholarly journals Embedded Imaging System Based Behavior Analysis of Dairy Cow

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-154
Author(s):  
Dr. Samuel Manoharan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
True Positive Rate ◽  
Video Stream ◽  
Integrated Sensor

It is essential to develop ambient environmental conditions for counteracting the heat stress in dairy cows by efficient and reliable monitoring of the activities of the cow and existing environmental conditions. For this purpose, we present a system with an array of integrated sensor modules that continuously measure and record humidity and ambient temperature while simultaneously monitoring the dairy cows drinking behavior using a cost-efficient embedded imaging system. Video streams are collected by installing embedded imaging modules over the drinking troughs for testing and experimentation in the dairy farm. Convolutional neural network (CNN) model using deep learning techniques is used for analysis of the video stream by detection of the head of the dairy cow above the drinking trough. The values obtained as true positive rate and F1 score of the detection of the head of the cow are both 0.98. The dairy cows drinking behavior and the effect of heat stress is analyzed and recorded for varied environmental conditions over a period of twelve months. Based on the results of analysis, it is evident that the temperature and humidity index (THI) greatly influence the total frequency and length of everyday drinking habits of dairy cows. The drinking behavior of dairy cows and the effects of heat stress is demonstrated clearly using the automated imaging system with long-term monitoring and data collection. Quantitative assessment and automation are possible using this novel monitoring system to be implemented in dairy farms.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN GOOD DAIRY FARMING PRACTICE (GDFP) DAN PENDAPATAN USAHA TERNAK SAPI PERAH KEMITRAAN DAN MANDIRI DI KABUPATEN JEMBER

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Siti Aminah ◽  
M . Rondhi
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Farming Practice ◽  
Use Efficiency

ABSTRACT Increased demand of milk is higher along with the increasing number of population, but increased demand of milk is less offset by increased production of local dairy cow milk so that in fulfilling local milk need is still doing a lot of milk import. With the existing of milk demand, livestock farming development of dairy cows can be done in Jember Regency. One of dairy cow farming in Jember Regency is located in Kemuning Lor Village Arjasa District Jember Regency which is the independent farm. Partnership farm in Jember Regency is in Ajung Village Ajung District, Balung Lor Village Balung District and Rowotengah Village Sumberbaru District which are partnership farm with Galur Murni Cooperative. Both livestock businesses experience the same problem which is the lows of milk production so that causes the lows of income received by the farmer. Milk production can increase if the farmer can apply GDFP (Good Dairy Farming Practice) of good dairy cows. This research aimed to (1) find out GDFP implementation, (2) find out the income, and (3) find out cost use efficiency. This research showed that: (1) The level of GDFP implementation of partnership farm was higher than the level of GDFP implementation of the independent farm. (2) Both livestock businesses of partnership and independent farm in Jember Regency is mutual. The amount of income per tail of partnership dairy cows was IDR 8,895,762/year and the net income per tail of independent dairy cows was IDR 11,635,231/year, (3) The cost use efficiency on partnership and independent dairy farm businesses was all efficient. The efficiency value of the R/C ratio of partnership dairy farm business was 1.25 while the efficiency value of the R/C ratio of the independent dairy farm was 1.18.   Keywords: Dairy Cows, GDFP Implementation, Income, Efficiency of R/C Ratio  

scholarly journals Advisory and Knowledge Transfer Tool for Ammonia Emission Mitigation on Pig Farms in Hungary

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 5970
Author(s):  
Marianna Magyar ◽  
Béla Pirkó ◽  
Julianna Kótiné Seenger ◽  
Nóra Hegedűsné Baranyai ◽  
Károly Dublecz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Emission Model ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
Emission Mitigation ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
The Impact

The Ammonia Gas Emission Model for Swine (AGEM-S), a nitrogen flow model, was created with the objective of assisting in the reduction of ammonia emissions in the Hungarian pig sector. Regarding the applied technological processes and considering the factors that influence ammonia emissions, the model quantifies the amount of ammonia emissions of pig farming in all stages (feeding, housing technology, manure storage, and application in the field). The aim of the project was to create a system that performs general calculations using the input data used by practicing farmers, without compromising the information content of the output data. Using this system, the input parameters can be entered as simply as possible and in the shortest possible time. In addition to demonstrating the impact of ammonia emission reduction measures to farmers from an integrated N management approach, AGEM-S has the potential to support the transfer of emission reduction technologies and practices at the farm level as a knowledge transfer tool primarily, but also as a decision support tool for technological change.

scholarly journals Losses of potassium from grazed dairy pastures

1990 ◽  
pp. 187-190
Author(s):  
P.H. Williams ◽  
P.E.H. Gregg ◽  
M.J. Hedley
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Dairy Farms

A simple model was used to estimate losses of potassium (K) which occur from a Mid- Canterbury dairy farm. Analysis of the results shows the role of the dairy cow in causing losses of K from the farm. The results from this study could be used to refine the estimates of animalinduced losses of K in the model used by MAF Technology to predict fertiliser recommendations. Such refinements include the incorporation of information on the time that cows spend off the pasture (in the dairy shed, raceway and on feedpads) and the amount of K lost from urinations. The study suggests that savings in K fertiliser requirements through reduced losses from dairy farms are best achieved by minimising the time that dairy cows spend off the pasture and avoiding excessive K concentrations in herbage through heavy rates of K fertiliser. Keywords potassium, model, potassium cycling, potassium losses, dairy cattle

Effects of Retinoic Acid and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 on IFN-gamma Secretion by Mononuclear Leukocytes from Nulliparous and Postparturient Dairy Cattle

2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burim Ametaj ◽  
Brian Nonnecke ◽  
Ronald Horst ◽  
Donald Beitz
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Pokeweed Mitogen ◽  
Mononuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Ifn Gamma ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽  
1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D

Individual and combined effects of several isomers of retinoic acid (RA) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) on interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion by blood mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) from nulliparous and postparturient Holstein cattle were evaluated in vitro. In the first experiment, effects on incubation period (24 to 72 hours) and time of supplementation (0 to 32 hours) with all-trans, 9-cis, 13-cis-, and 9,13-dicis-RAs (0 to 100 nM) on IFN-gamma secretion by pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated (0 and 10 mug/ml) MNL from nulliparous cattle were evaluated. In the second experiment, MNL from postparturient cows (bled at 0, 2, 4, and 16 days postpartum) were stimulated with PWM (0 and 10 mug/ml) in the presence of RA isomers (9-cis- or 9,13-dicis-RA; 0 to 100 nM), 1,25-(OH)2D3 (0 to 100 nM), or with combinations of these metabolites. The results show that individual isomers of RA had no effect on IFN-gamma secretion by PWM-stimulated MNL from nulliparous or postparturient cows. Furthermore 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibited IFN-gamma secretion by MNL from nulliparous and postparturient dairy cows; however, the degree of inhibition was greater when 9-cis- and 9,13-dicis-RA were also present in the cultures. Finally mononuclear leukocytes from postparturient dairy cows produced substantially less IFN-gamma than did MNL from nulliparous cattle. It is concluded that retinoic acids individually did not affect the capacity of leukocytes from dairy cattle to secrete IFN-gamma. This result is in marked contrast to studies in monogastric species indicating that RAs inhibit IFN-gamma secretion by peripheral blood T cells. Inhibition of IFN-gamma secretion by 1,25-(OH)2D3 was potentiated by 9-cis- and 9,13-di-cis-retinoics acids, suggesting that an excess of dietary vitamins A and D may compromise further the naturally immunosuppressed postparturient dairy cow. Additional research is necessary to determine if the combined effects of these metabolites on IFN-gamma secretion represent an increased susceptibility of the dairy cow to infectious diseases during the periparturient period. Lower secretion of IFN-gamma by MNL from postpartutient dairy cows, relative to nulliparous cattle, suggests that recently-calved cows are naturally immunosuppressed.

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