scholarly journals Water Quality Study of the Itaparica Reservoir, São Francisco River, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Lira de Melo ◽  
Maria do Carmo Sobral ◽  
Günter Gunkel
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Sao Francisco River ◽  
São Francisco River ◽  
Quality Study

scholarly journals METAIS PESADOS E QUALIDADE DA AGUA DO RIO SÃO FRANCISCO NO SEGMENTO ENTRE TRÊS MARIAS E PIRAPORA - MG: ÍNDICE DE CONTAMINAÇÃO

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizêne Veloso Ribeiro ◽  
Antônio Pereira Magalhães Junior ◽  
Adolf Heinrich Horn ◽  
Wallace Magalhães Trindade
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Dissolved Metals ◽  
Contamination Index ◽  
Sao Francisco River ◽  
São Francisco River

Este trabalho apresenta resultados da avaliação da qualidade da água na secção do Rio São Francisco no segmento entre Três Marias e Pirapora. Foram monitorados parâmetros físico-químicos e os elementos Zn, Cd, Pb, Cr, Co, Cu, Ba, Ni, Al, Mn, Ca, Mg e Fe durante um ano; as concentrações dos metais foram obtidas por leitura em ICP-OES. Vários elementos apresentaram altos níveis de contaminação nas áreas urbano-industriais de Três Marias e Pirapora. No segmento de influência rural entre os dois centros urbanos e a jusante de Pirapora, foram observadas alterações para os metais pesados (Cd, Cu, Cr, Co e Ni), que evidenciam a necessidade de um estudo de contaminação dos solos agrícolas, principalmente irrigados, na região. A variação sazonal marca a diferença da qualidade da água no segmento no que se refere aos metais em suspensão com maiores concentrações na estação chuvosa. O Índice de Contaminação foi definido pela razão entre a concentração encontrada e os limites ambientais da Resolução Conama 357/2005. Os resultados evidenciam a degradação da qualidade da água nos centros urbano-industriais, cujos altos Ic decorrem das elevadas concentrações de Zn, Cd, Cu, Cr e Ni. Chamam atenção principalmente os valores que foram obtidos para os metais dissolvidos devido à maior possibilidade de efeitos tóxicos.. Ressalta-se a necessidade de intervenção nas áreas de maior Ic adjacentes aos centros urbano-industriais visando a melhorar a qualidade da água e responder à população local que tem forte relação com o Rio São Francisco.Palavras-chave: Metais Pesados, Qualidade da Água, Índice de Contaminação, Rio São Francisco e Uso do Solo. ABSTRACT: HEAVY METALS AND WATER QUALITY OF THE SÃO FRANCISCO RIVER IN SEGMENT BETWEEN TRÊS MARIAS AND PIRAPORA –MG: INDEX OF CONTAMINATION. This work presents heavy metal concentration measurements taken across a section of the São Francisco River, between Três Marias and Pirapora, to evaluate water quality. The physicochemical parameters and the elements Zn, Cd, Pb, Cr, Co, Cu, Ba, Ni, Al, Mn, Ca, Mg and Fe were monitored during a one year period; the concentration levels of metals were determined by ICP-OES. High contamination levels were found for many elements in Três Marias and Pirapora urban-industrial areas. The section under rural influence, located between the two urban areas and downstream from Pirapora, presented anomalous heavy metal (Cd, Cu, Cr, Co and Ni) readings. That indicates that soil contamination studies are needed, especially on irrigated soil, in agricultural areas within the region. The index is defined by the ratio between the concentrations found which results from environmental limits established by Resolution CONAMA 357/2005. The results show the degradation of water quality in urban-industrial centers, which high rates of contamination result from high concentrations of Zn, Cd, Cu, Cr and Ni. The values obtained for dissolved metals are especially worth of attention, due to the greater risk of toxic effects caused by them. We stress the need for intervention in the areas showing the highest contamination index - which are located next to urban-industrial centers - to improve water quality and meet the expectations of the locals, whose lives are strongly intertwined with the São Francisco River.Keywords: Heavy Metals, Water Quality, Contamination Index, São Francisco River and Soil Use

Evaluation of violations in water quality standards in the monitoring network of São Francisco River basin, the third largest in Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 189 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizângela Pinheiro da Costa ◽  
Carolina Cristiane Pinto ◽  
Ana Luiza Cunha Soares ◽  
Livia Duarte Ventura Melo ◽  
Sílvia Maria Alves Corrêa Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Sao Francisco River ◽  
The Third ◽  
São Francisco River

scholarly journals Surface water quality assessment of the main tributaries in the lower São Francisco River, Sergipe

RBRH ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Brandão Britto ◽  
Anderson Nascimento do Vasco ◽  
Antenor de Oliveira Aguiar Netto ◽  
Carlos Alexandre Borges Garcia ◽  
Gilsia Fabiane Oliveira Moraes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Trophic State Index ◽  
Sao Francisco River ◽  
São Francisco River ◽  
High Concentrations

ABSTRACT Contamination of water body by diffuse and point sources in springs has caused concerns mainly due to restrictions on its quality. The problem becomes more serious when contamination affects water for human consumption, as occurs in the river São Francisco, which supplies several municipalities of Sergipe. In this sense, the objective of the study was to evaluate water quality in eleven tributaries of the São Francisco river in its low course in the period from 2013 to 2014, in order to subsidize decision making by public management bodies operating in the region. For this purpose, it was used the Water Quality Index (WQI) and the Trophic State Index (TSI), as well the hierarchical grouping techniques associated to the samples to compare the different causes of contamination of each source. The lowest WQI values were observed in the rivers Betume and Jacaré and they were associated with high concentrations of coliforms related to the disposal of domestic effluents from the riverside cities. It was observed a tendency to eutrophication in the Jacaré stream, Santo Antônio, Pilões, Papagaio and Capivara rivers demonstrated by the high TSI in the rainy season. The results of the cluster analysis were close to their Euclidean distance, and showed that there were similarity relationships between the different water sources related to their parameters of water quality. In this piece of work, we also used the Factor Analysis resulted in the selection of five factors of water quality indicators which are mainly related to mineral content, organic matter, surface runoff and the level of pollution. Thus, it is concluded that the water quality of the São Francisco river tributaries is at a strong tendency towards contamination and that its tributaries need a constant monitoring for the environmental management decisions to be the most adequate for the sustainable survival of the riverside communities.

scholarly journals Effect of the reduction of the outflow restriction discharge from the Xingó dam in water salinity in the lower stretch of the São Francisco River

RBRH ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sândira Lívia Moraes Fonseca ◽  
Aline Almeida de Jesus Magalhães ◽  
Vânia Palmeira Campos ◽  
Yvonilde Dantas Pinto Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Sao Francisco River ◽  
São Francisco River ◽  
Field Samples

ABSTRACT Among the water quality parameters subjected to changes in river flow variations, salinity stands out for being intrinsically associated to ecosystem quality. Nonetheless, salinization can cause irreversible damage to the structure and functions of aquatic communities. This work evaluated the effect of successive reductions of outflow discharges from Xingó dam in water salinity in the lower stretch of the São Francisco River, Brazil. Salinity was analysed downstream of the dam, in addition to the relation between discharge reductions and salinity levels, as well as the spatial evolution of salinity in function of the distance of the sampling points from the river mouth. Secondary water quality data from 17 monitoring points were analysed, moreover, field samples and laboratory analyses were performed. With the reductions of outflow discharges, that started in 2013, there was a considerable increase in salinity in the sampling point located 9 km far from the river mouth, and with the continuation of discharge reductions, points that are farther away from the river mouth also presented high salinity values, both in the bottom and on the surface. This study indicates salinity values above the limits of fresh water (0.5 ‰), established by the CONAMA Resolution 357, for human consumption.

scholarly journals Impact of fecal contamination on surface water quality in the São Francisco River hydrographic basin in Minas Gerais, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Salim Dantas ◽  
Josiani Cordova de Oliveira ◽  
Carolina Cristiane Pinto ◽  
Sílvia Corrêa Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Sao Francisco River ◽  
São Francisco River

Abstract Proper water quality monitoring is a valuable tool for water resource management, helping to identify polluting sources and risks related to the use of water resources. One of the main types of contamination found in Brazilian water bodies is fecal contamination, which originates mainly from point source pollution through wastewater disposal. Thus, this study analyzed water quality monitoring data from the responsible environmental body (Minas Gerais Institute of Water Management, IGAM), related to the fecal contamination indicator (FCI), for the years 2000–2018. This was done for the Minas Gerais portion of the São Francisco River basin (SFRB-MG), one of the most important basins in the country. The 10 sub-basins in the area were compared using statistical tools. The work found significant differences between the sub-basins in terms of FCI concentration, highlighting the most impacted ones (SF2, SF3, and SF5) as also being the most densely populated. It is necessary to invest in sanitation measures in order to ensure that water resources are preserved, as well as to reduce the public health risks of downstream municipalities that are supplied with previously contaminated water.

scholarly journals Inter-annual variability on the water quality in the Lower São Francisco River (NE-Brazil)

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Ricardo Petter Medeiros ◽  
Geórgenes Hilário Cavalcante ◽  
Nilva Brandini ◽  
Bastiaan Adriaan Knoppers
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Dissolved Phosphorus ◽  
Sao Francisco River ◽  
Transversal Section ◽  
São Francisco River ◽  
Historical Series

Abstract: Aim This study characterized the water quality in the lower São Francisco River (NE-Brazil).This research represents the first work to be carried out in the lower sector of the São Francisco river aiming to quantify and compare limnological variables, during three different years (2001, 2004 and 2007). Methods Water samples were collected in a transversal section of the river at monthly intervals period on surface layer. Temperature, conductivity, pH, and dissolved oxygen were obtained using a multiparameter probe YSI-6600. The dissolved inorganic nutrients (ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, dissolved phosphorus and silicates), chlorophyll-a and total suspended sediment (TSS) were also determined. Results The three hydrological years showed differences in precipitation rates and discharge conditions. The year 2001 had precipitation rates below the historical series of rainfall. The mean annual water temperature showed negligible differences among the three years. Dissolved inorganic nutrient concentrations were highest in 2004, with ammonia and nitrate differing statistically between the years (p<0.05); the later showed the largest concentration of dissolved inorganic nitrogen. Chlorophyll-a showed a slight difference among years. Conclusions Precipitation intensity has a direct impact on the São Francisco River discharge, but the geographical distribution of the precipitation is also a determinant factor for alterations of the chemical and physical characteristics of the water that reaches the lower sector of the São Francisco River.

scholarly journals Community structure of aquatic insects (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera) in Cerrado streams of Paraguay, Paraná, and São Francisco river basins

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato de Mei Romero ◽  
Mônica Ceneviva-Bastos ◽  
Gustavo Henrique Baviera ◽  
Lilian Casatti
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Taxonomic Resolution ◽  
Sao Francisco River ◽  
Original Distribution ◽  
São Francisco River

We evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively the community structure of aquatic insects (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera) in 19 streams in areas of Cerrado in the Paraguay, Paraná, and São Francisco river basins. The number of genera and taxonomic composition were compared at spatial (at the hydrographic basins level) and conservation levels (more preserved and less preserved areas). The influence of spatial and environmental factors in richness and abundance was also evaluated. The geographical distribution of Grumicha, Coryphorus, and Austrotinodes was expanded. The highest Trichoptera richness was found in the São Francisco river basin (F = 5,602, p = 0,004) and a higher number of Ephemeroptera genera occurred in the relatively less preserved sites (F = 6,835, p = 0,009). The pattern of genera distribution was different among basins (R = 0,0336, p = 0,001), but it was similar among relatively less and more preserved areas (R = -0,039, p = 0,737). These findings can be explained by the low impact level in these streams and also by the taxonomic resolution used in this study. Latitude and instream diversity were the most important factors to explain the variation in genera richness and abundance (p = 0.004 and p = 0.026, respectively). Hence, the regional differences can be attributed to spatial influences, quantity or quality of habitats and the original distribution of taxa within each basin.

Candomblé e Cinema de Animação: Estratégias de resistência e territorialidade

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pâmela Peregrino ◽  
Edileuza Penha de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Poetic Language ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Sao Francisco River ◽  
The People ◽  
São Francisco River ◽  
Popular Knowledge ◽  
Stop Motion ◽  
Short Movie

The majority of the knowledge and philosophy of African roots find a great discrimination in public places in Brazil, rarely we see schools take in consideration those questions, popular knowledge and ways of living of those who follow those religions of African roots. Take in account that reality and seeking for changing it, the members of Abassá of goddess Òsùn of Idjemim, Paulo Afonso - BA, Bahia took the initiative of producing an animated stop motion movie about the Òrìṣà Òsùn. In this short motion “Òpárà de Òsùn: when everything is born” (2018) we can see the language of animation cinema being used to tell stories of Òrìṣàs like of a way clamouring the religiosity from people from traditional places and also a way of facing religious racism. In this work, we will present the process of production of a short motion, that took in consideration the bio system Caatinga and of the Sao Francisco river as a scenery of some events, staring from the sonorities and images produced by the people in the Terreiro and including the poetic language (could it be sounding and visual or spoken). From those elements, we reflect about the role played by this short movie on the empowerment of children and territorially as didactic and educative space.

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