scholarly journals To the question of the reasons for the activation of the epidemic process of Мeasles at the stage of elimination of infection and the forecast of the situation in the near and long term

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
T. A. Platonova ◽  
A. A. Golubkova ◽  
S. S. Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Medical Documentation ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
Population Immunity ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Measles Incidence ◽  
Observation Period

Introduction. Measles infection in recent years has become particularly relevant in connection with the registration of outbreaks of this disease in various territoriesof the Russian Federation and abroad.The aim of the study is to characterize the epidemic process of measles in a large industrial city in the near and long term with the use of modern mathematical modeling technologies for making new management decisions on infection control at the elimination stage.Materials and methods. The research materials were data from statistical reports of measles incidence in Yekaterinburg from 1950 to 2019 (70 years of follow-up), medical documentation of measles cases, population vaccination data (form No. 6 for 2000—2018 and outpatient maps of children under two years of age vaccinated against measles), results of screening for measles IgG ofmedical organizations, data of planned serological monitoringof population immunity to measles in «indicator» groups in the period from 2013 to 2017 and the results of mathematical modeling of measles incidence in different scenarios of its prevention.Results. Under the influence of vaccination, the epidemic process of measles in Yekaterinburg — a city with a population of 1.5million inhabitants-has undergone significant changes. During the observation period, the incidence decreased to sporadic levels, there was no indigenous measles, drifts from endemic areas had no consequences, the epidemic process was under control. However, outbreaks of 72 cases in 2016 and 90 cases in 2019 have changed our view of measles as a eradicated infection.Of the factors that led to the spread of infection in the foci, the most significant were the presence of measles-susceptible children and adults, including those previously vaccinated, mainly in the periods remote from vaccination and revaccination, defects in the clinical diagnosis of measlesin the first and subsequent cases, and violations in the organization and conduct of anti-epidemic measures. Conclusion. Based on the data of mathematical modeling of the epidemic process of measles with different combinations of its determinants, for the elimination of infection, it is necessary to ensure vaccination against measles at the age of 1 year and 6 years in 95—97.5%. In vulnerable groups for infection to discuss the introduction of routine revaccination among people up to 50 years of age with an interval of 10 years.

Application of femtolaser-assisted phacoemulsification in combined pathology of cataract and glaucoma

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
A.P. Voznyuk ◽  
◽  
S.I. Anisimov ◽  
S.Y. Anisimova ◽  
L.L. Arutyunyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Observation Period ◽  
Group 1

Purpose. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of femtolaser-assisted phacoemulsification in glaucomatous eyes in the long-term follow-up. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the results of the surgical treatment of patients with combined cataract and glaucoma pathology was analyzed. The patients were divided into groups depending on the method of surgical intervention: 1) phacoemulsification with femtolaser support (26 eyes, 23 patients); 2) phacoemulsification (36 eyes, 30 patients); Results. Before surgery, there were no statistically significant differences in IOP and corneal hysteresis (СН) between groups 1 and 2. The mean values of IOP cc, IOP g and СН of group 1 before surgery were 22.7±6.1 mm Hg, 20.9±6.9 mm Hg, 8.5±1.6 mm Hg; 2 group – 22.9±8.7 mm Hg, 21.6±8.9 mm Hg, 8.9±1.6 mm Hg respectively. Average values of IOP cc, IOP g and CН 5 years after the surgical treatment in group 1 were 15.3±1.2 mm Hg, 14.4±3.4 mm Hg, 9.6±4.2 mm Hg; in group 2 – 18.0±4.2 mm Hg, 16.1±4.2 mm Hg, 8.8±2.2 mm Hg respectively. In both groups, stabilization of IOP and CH indices was noted, which remained throughout the entire observation period, which shows the normalization of the biomechanical properties of the corneoscleral membrane of the eye in the long-term postoperative period. Conclusion. Femtolaser accompaniment of phacoemulsification is an effective and safe method of cataract surgery for combined pathology. Key words: femtolaser, cataract, glaucoma, phacoemulsification.

scholarly journals A long-term prospective observational study in 31 patients with hemicrania continua

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 251581631882469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Prakash ◽  
Chaturbhuj Rathore ◽  
Kaushik Rana ◽  
Hemant Joshi ◽  
Jay Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hemicrania Continua ◽  
Background Pain ◽  
Headache Diary ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Drug Leads ◽  
Observation Period ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Introduction: Till date, there is no prospective study in patients with hemicrania continua (HC). Methods: Patients fulfilling the international classification of headache disorders criteria for HC were evaluated prospectively. All patients were subjected to a detailed clinical interview, based on a structured questionnaire. Before starting indomethacin, all patients were instructed to fill a headache diary for at least 5 days. Gradual tapering of indomethacin was done at regular intervals. Results: We enrolled 41 patients over 4.5 years, 31 of whom met the criteria after confirming the indomethacin response. The mean age was 41 years, and 55% were female. The mean duration of headache was 43.6 months. All patients had continuous strictly unilateral pain with episodic exacerbations. At least one cranial autonomic feature was noted in 81% of patients. Twenty-five patients (81%) felt a sense of restlessness during exacerbations. The mean follow-up was 2.5 years. Three-fourths of patients noted a reduction in indomethacin dose after an average 2.5 of years follow-up. The mean reduction of the dose in the follow-up was statistically significant (172 mg vs. 110 mg, p < 0.001). All patients missed the drug for various reasons over the observation period. The headache reappeared within 48 h in 97% of patients. Conclusion: Misdiagnosis of HC is still very common. Patients may not volunteer about the background pain and will focus only on the exacerbations. HC rarely remits, but indomethacin requirements may decrease over time. Skipping of the effective drug leads to the immediate reappearance of pain.

Coronary-coronary bypass grafting: artery or vein?

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 316-321
Author(s):  
Vladlen Bazylev ◽  
Evgeny Rosseikin ◽  
Dmitriy Tungusov ◽  
Artur Mikulyak
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Revascularization ◽  
Coronary Bypass ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Bypass Grafting ◽  
Coronary Bypass Grafting ◽  
Coronary Bypass Grafts ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Observation Period

Background The method of coronary-coronary bypass grafting was described in 1987 but has not been widely used, and there are only a few studies that report good short-term and mid-term results as well as some individual cases of long-term follow-up. In our medical institution, we carried out an analysis of the long-term results of coronary-coronary bypass grafting, which are presented in this study. Methods This was a retrospective single-center study on 95 patients who underwent coronary-coronary bypass grafting as a supplement to the standard coronary bypass grafting procedure. All patients underwent angiographic assessment of the coronary bypass grafts during the long-term follow-up period. The observation period was up to 123 months. Angiographic assessment of 109 coronary-coronary grafts was carried out. Results Twelve (7.6%) arterial and 11 (19.3%) venous conduits were found to be occluded, and 8 (10.3%) arterial and 10 (31.3%) venous coronary-coronary grafts were occluded during the observation period. Conclusion Arterial coronary-coronary artery bypass grafting represents an alternative technique that allows complete myocardial revascularization.

scholarly journals Longitudinal follow-up in acute and transient psychotic disorders and schizophrenia

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Pillmann ◽  
Andreas Marneros
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Level Of Functioning ◽  
General Functioning ◽  
And Gender ◽  
High Level ◽  
Observation Period

SummaryWe prospectively studied the long-term course of individuals with acute and transient psychotic disorders and a control group with positive schizophrenia matched for age and gender. Follow-up investigations using standardised instruments were performed at three time-points covering 7 years after the index episode or 12 years after the first episode. During follow-up, those with positive schizophrenia experienced a deterioration in their general functioning whereas those with acute and transient psychotic disorders retained their high level of functioning. At the end of the observation period, 12 out of 39 (31%) of those with acute and transient psychotic disorders were functioning well without medication compared with 0 out of 38 with positive schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Twelve-Year Follow-Up of Laser In Situ Keratomileusis for Moderate to High Myopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Ikeda ◽  
Kimiya Shimizu ◽  
Akihito Igarashi ◽  
Sumie Kasahara ◽  
Kazutaka Kamiya
Keyword(s):  
High Myopia ◽  
Central Corneal Thickness ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Laser In Situ Keratomileusis ◽  
Manifest Refraction ◽  
Observation Period

Purpose. To assess the long-term clinical outcomes of conventional laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for moderate to high myopia.Methods. We retrospectively examined sixty-eight eyes of 37 consecutive patients who underwent conventional LASIK for the correction of myopia (−3.00 to −12.75 diopters (D)). At 3 months and 1, 4, 8, and 12 years postoperatively, we assessed the safety, efficacy, predictability, stability, mean keratometry, central corneal thickness, and adverse events.Results. The safety and efficacy indices were0.82±0.29and0.67±0.37, respectively, 12 years postoperatively. At 12 years, 53% and 75% of the eyes were within 0.5 and 1.0 D, respectively, of the targeted correction. Manifest refraction changes of −0.74±0.99 D occurred from 3 months to 12 years after LASIK (p<0.001). We found a significant correlation of refractive regression with the changes in keratometric readings from 3 months to 12 years postoperatively (Pearson correlation coefficient,r=-0.28,p=0.02), but not with the changes in central corneal thickness (r=-0.08,p=0.63). No vision-threatening complications occurred in any case.Conclusions. Conventional LASIK offered good safety outcomes during the 12-year observation period. However, the efficacy and the predictability gradually decreased with time owing to myopic regression in relation to corneal steepening.

NUMERICAL MODELING OF THE IMPACT OF QUARANTINE MEASURES ON THE DYNAMICS OF THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROCESS BASED ON THE SEIRD MODEL

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-187
Author(s):  
Nina I. Eremeeva
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Numerical Calculations ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Population Immunity ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 epidemic has once again demonstrated the importance of predicting the development of various processes and calculating the consequences. “How effective is the introduction of strict quarantine measures?” and “Will the quarantine be able to stop the epide­mic?” — these questions still have no clear answer. This article aims to answer these questions using mathematical modeling tools using the SEIRD model, modified to account for the peculiarities of the spread of COVID-19. The SEIRD model belongs to the class of differential dynamic models, which allows quick experimentation to predict the spread of the disease and calculate its influence on the development of certain processes. Based on numerical modeling, the author demonstrates that insufficient quarantine measures provide only a temporary effect. After they end, with an insufficient level of “population immunity”, the epidemic starts growing again, leading to a second morbidity peak. This paper presents numerical calculations to track the duration impact and quarantine measures’ severity on the dynamics of the epidemiological process. The results show that strict restrictive measures are not always effective, and strict short-term measures have less effect than softer, but long-term measures. In addition, the author provides an example of finding the parameters of quarantine measures that ensure fixed limits on the morbidity level during the epidemic.

Surgery of inferior vena cava associated malignant tumor lesions

VASA ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eder ◽  
Halloul ◽  
Meyer ◽  
Huth ◽  
Lippert
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Tumor ◽  
Tumor Recurrence ◽  
Perioperative Management ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
R0 Resection ◽  
Perioperative Morbidity ◽  
Observation Period

Background: Tumor lesions of the inferior vena cava (IVC) can originate from the vein or can develop by malignant tumor infiltration from the surrounding tissue. In this context, particular attention should be paid to tumor lesions with pegs into or within the IVC. The aim of this series of a single surgical center was to analyze the perioperative management, the individual-specific and -adapted surgical technique, as well as the outcome including prognostic considerations in IVC-associated malignant tumor lesions. Patients and methods: Over a 6-year time period, all consecutive patients with IVC-associated malignant tumor lesions and their patient- and finding-specific characteristics were registered, data and parameters of the diagnostic and therapeutic management were documented, and both the short- and long-term outcomes (complication rate, perioperative morbidity/mortality, tumor recurrence rate, survival) were assessed with periodic follow-up investigations. Results: Overall, 12 patients were enrolled in the study from 1/1/2001–31/12/2006: 6 primary IVC-tumors (leiomyosarcomas, 50%) and 6 secondary IVC-tumors (2 retroperitoneal tumor lesions, 16.7%, 3 renal cell carcinomas 25% and 1 carcinoma of the adrenal gland, 8.3%). 4 of the secondary tumors had pegs into the IVC. The R0 resection rate was 83%. The perioperative morbidity was 33%; whereas, the hospital mortality was 8.3% (n = 1). Surgical reconstruction of IVC was achieved in each case (100%). There was a mean postoperative observation period of 20 months (range, 1–58 months). Complete follow-up documentation was obtained for all of the patients (100%). Three patients experienced recurrent tumor growth (27.5% out of n = 11). While the overall mortality through the follow up observation period was 27.5%, the tumor-specific mortality was 16%. Conclusions: The primary surgical aim is R0 resection to provide a long-term outcome with no tumor recurrence including the reconstruction of the IVC based on a reasonable risk-to-benefit ratio. The favorable outcome of this case series demonstrates that IVC-associated tumor lesions can be approached if there is an appropriate expertise of the surgical team, a sufficient perioperative management and an adequate financial background with a reasonable survival rate. The variable prognosis of the various tumor lesions depends on tumor entity, stage, resection status and individual risk factors.

604 Long Term Follow-Up of Implantable Loop Recorders: Prolonging Observation Period Increases Diagnostic Yield?

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. S323
Author(s):  
V. Exposito ◽  
F. Rodriguez-Entem ◽  
S. González-Enríquez ◽  
P. Lerena ◽  
J.M. Gomez-Delgado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Implantable Loop Recorders ◽  
Observation Period

Long-term follow-up in patients with autonomous thyroid adenoma

1993 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Sandrock ◽  
T Olbricht ◽  
D Emrich ◽  
G Benker ◽  
D Reinwein
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Thyroid Adenoma ◽  
Trh Test ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Autonomous Adenoma ◽  
Observation Period ◽  
Treatment Surgery

A group of 375 untreated euthyroid patients with solitary autonomous adenoma of the thyroid were studied in a long-term follow-up (observation period 52.8 (mean)/46 (median), range 3–204 months). During the period of observation, 133 (34.2%) of all initially untreated patients underwent treatment (surgery, radioiodine, antithyroid medication) because of hyperthyroidism, mechanical problems, or at the patient's request. Sixty-seven patients developed hyperthyroidism resulting in a mean incidence of 4.1% per year. The incidence of hyperthyroidism increased during follow-up (3% in the first seven years, 10% in the following years). Age, sex, nodule size, initial scintigraphic appearance and the TRH test were of no individual prognostic value in predicting hyperthyroidism. Eleven of 14 patients with untreated hyperthyroidism became euthyroid without treatment during the time of follow-up. After iodine excess (by history or elevated iodine levels in urine, N=45), 14 patients (31%) developed hyperthyroidism. In conclusion, we recommend a definitive treatment of autonomous adenoma at least in patients with advanced age, concomitant diseases and a higher probability of iodine exposure.

Retrospective interview-based long-term follow-up study of cats diagnosed with idiopathic cystitis in 2003–2009

2021 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2199030
Author(s):  
Anna V Eggertsdóttir ◽  
Stine Blankvandsbråten ◽  
Páll Gretarsson ◽  
Anna E Olofsson ◽  
Heidi S Lund
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Tract Disease ◽  
Long Term Prognosis ◽  
Related Mortality ◽  
Observation Period

Objectives The aim of this study was to register long-term recurrence rates and mortality rates in cats diagnosed with feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC), with an observation period until death or a minimum of 10 years. Methods Data regarding recurrence of signs of feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) and FLUTD-related mortality in cats diagnosed with FIC between 2003 and 2009 were obtained through structured telephone interviews with the cat owners from December 2018 until February 2019. The interviews were based on a standardised questionnaire covering whether the cat was still alive or not, whether death/euthanasia were due to FLUTD and whether the cat had experienced recurrent episodes of clinical signs of FLUTD. If recurrences had occurred, exact numbers or estimates of 1–3, 4–6 or >6 recurrences were recorded. Results The owners of 50/105 FIC cats included in a previous study (48%) were available for inclusion in the present study. At the time of the interview, only 6/50 cats (12%) were still alive. The FLUTD-related mortality rate was 20% (n = 10/50). Twenty-three cats (46%) had no recurrences, three cats (6%) were euthanased shortly after diagnosis, nine cats (18%) had 1–3 recurrences, three cats (6%) had 4–6 recurrences and six cats (12%) had >6 recurrences. For the remaining six cats, the number of recurrences was uncertain. Conclusions and relevance The long-term prognosis for cats diagnosed with FIC may, based on the results from the present study, be regarded as fairly good, as approximately 70% of the cats either recovered without additional episodes, experienced only a few recurrences, are still alive after a minimum of 10 years since inclusion in the study, or were euthanased for reasons unrelated to FLUTD.

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