scholarly journals Produkcja energii elektrycznej ze źródeł odnawialnych w krajach Unii Europejskiej i w Polsce w kontekście koncepcji zrównoważonego rozwoju

2017 ◽  
Vol 17(32) (2) ◽  
pp. 126-135
Author(s):  
Łukasz Kozar
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Regional Aspect ◽  
The Eu

The article presents changes that occurred in the production of electricity from renewable energy sources in the EU-28 and in Poland in the years of 2010-2015. The analysis of the changes was based on the data from Eurostat and the Local Data Bank. Based on the indicator of the share of electricity generated from renewable sources in gross electricity consumption, Poland in the period under discussion, was characterized as one of the highest dynamics of change among all EU countries. In addition, the article analyzes the situation concerning the production of electricity in Poland in the regional aspect. From the taken analyzes, it is clear that in all voivodeships, apart from Małopolskie voivodeship, in 2015, more electricity was produced from renewable sources compared to 2010. In the period under discussion, the share of electricity production from renewable sources in total electricity production also increased by 99% in Poland.

scholarly journals Energy and renewable energy use in EU28 and Hungary on the basis of statistics

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Judit Csizmásné Tóth ◽  
Zsolt Hollósy ◽  
Judit Poór
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Eu

This paper presents the expansion of renewable energy sources of electricity generation over the last 10-15 years, based on statistical data for Hungary and for the EU-28 member states. The share of renewable energy in electricity production was almost 30% in the EU28 in 2016, while in Hungary it was only 7%, which is the second lowest share in EU member states. In Hungary, the share of nuclear energy is still high in electricity production, and the proportion of biomass in renewable energy in Hungary is very high compared to the EU-28 average. An important issue for Hungary is how to reduce the share of nuclear energy in the longer term. Finally, the paper highlights the essential elements of the Hungarian METAR subsidy system aimed at encouraging the production of electricity (and heat) energy from renewable energy sources while minimizing the burden on end users.

scholarly journals Chinese experience in implementing renewable energy sources as a possible scenario for the Krasnoyarsk Territory

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-79
Author(s):  
Sergey Nikonorov ◽  
Konstantin Papenov ◽  
Denis Sergeyev
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Modern Economy ◽  
To Come ◽  
Developing Area

Renewable energy is a rapidly developing area of the modern economy. As many experts forecast, global electricity consumption will double by 2050, while the share of renewable sources in energy generation will be 50%. For most states, the main incentives for the development of renewable energy are the ability to eliminate the consumption of fossil fuels and reduce the level of emissions of pollutants, while ensuring sustainable development of the country. At the same time, Russia, which has significant reserves of natural resources, is in no hurry to switch to the use of energy from renewable sources since it is believed that the country’s subsoil can provide it with cheap energy resources for many generations to come. Therefore, introduction of renewable energy sources that are unable to compete with traditional energy without a developed energy infrastructure and established production is impractical. In our study we try to evaluate the efficiency of the introduction of renewable energy sources in the Krasnoyarsk Territory of Russia using the example of the Chinese experience.

scholarly journals Determinants of the Energy Development Based on Renewable Energy Sources in Poland

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6762
Author(s):  
Jan Bednarczyk ◽  
Katarzyna Brzozowska-Rup ◽  
Sławomir Luściński
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Positive Effects

In this article, we aim to identify the determinants that profoundly impact renewable energy sources development in Poland. To this end, the authors have conducted qualitative and quantitative analyses of Poland’s renewable energy sector. In this paper, we demonstrate an original approach considering the different development levels of the given sector across provinces (voivodeships). It uses panel data from the Local Data Bank of the Statistics Poland on electricity production from renewable energy sources in individual voivodeships in Poland from 2005 through 2019. The study confronts the results of previous studies and sheds light on the situation in Poland—specifically, upon the changes that have happened over the ten years (2010–2019). The qualitative analysis shows a negative correlation between energy consumption and the share of renewable energy sources in total energy production. Evidence shows that favorable changes are underway in the energy production structure: RES share is growing and by degrees satisfying energy demand, and there is growing potential of energy entities in Poland. Furthermore, the analysis shows that R&D and total expenditures on environmental protection and water management investments do not significantly affect the development of RES. A dynamic panel data model has been used to analyze the group and time effects on the dependent variable. The findings confirm the existence of the persistency effect and indicate positive effects of total installed electric capacity (IEC) and household electricity consumption (HEC). Nonhousehold electricity consumption (NHEC) has a negative effect on the endogenous variable, i.e., the renewable energy sources share in the gross final energy consumption (RESS). The research results may be applicable as recommendations for energy efficiency policy development based on renewable energy sources depending on the RES development level in the regions of Poland.

scholarly journals The Economic Impact of Investment in Renewables in Croatia by 2030

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8215
Author(s):  
Tomislav Gelo ◽  
Nika Šimurina ◽  
Jurica Šimurina
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Macroeconomic Effects ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Production Capacities

At the beginning of 2020, the Strategy of the Republic of Croatia until 2030 with an outlook to 2050 was adopted. The Strategy analyzes two energy transition scenarios, the accelerated energy transition and the moderate energy transition. The Strategy is guided and defined by goals set out by the European Union (EU), which primarily states to decrease greenhouse gas emissions and increase the share of renewable energy sources. In order to reach these goals, it is necessary to substitute fossil fuel capacities with new capacities for the production of electricity from renewable sources. In order to do so, a new wave of investments is needed. The Strategy does not detail the macroeconomic effects of investments in renewable sources on the Croatian economy, generally quantified through GDP growth and employment. This paper analyzes the macroeconomic effects of announced investments in renewable energy sources for electricity production. The analysis encompasses the time period 2021–2030. The effects are quantified using the input–output tables for Croatia. The analysis exhibits relatively modest macroeconomic effects of investments into renewable energy on the Croatian economy. The paper concludes that it is necessary to change the structure and dynamics of investment in renewable energy. First, the investment should go into sources with the highest domestic component in investments and at the same time develop production capacities in technologies and equipment production for wind and solar capacities.

scholarly journals Solar Energy in Cuba: Current Situation and Future Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Morales Pedraza
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Capacity ◽  
Energy Mix

Cuba, a small island in the Caribbean Sea with a total land area of 109.884 km2 and a population of around 11.423 million, has no significant proved oil, gas and coal reserves. Also use, in a very limited manner, some of the four main renewable energy sources available in the country for electricity production, generating just 50,1 GW/h or 4,04% of the total electricity consumed in 2015 (20.288 GW/h). In 2016, electricity consumption fell to 15.182 GW/h; this means a reduction of 25% in comparison to 2015. In 2016, the participation of renewable energy sources in the energy mix of the country reached 4,65%. The different renewable energy sources available in the country are hydropower, wind power, solar photovoltaic, and bioenergy. In 2015, out of Cuba’s total 566 MW of renewable energy capacity installed, 83% of the total was in the bioenergy sector. In 2016, the renewable energy capacity installed in the country reached 642 MW. According to the decision adopted by the Cuban government, the participation of renewable energy sources in the energy mix of the country should reach 24% in 2030, an increase of almost 20% compared to the level reported in 2016. Among the different renewable energy sources available in the country, solar energy is one of the main contributors to the national energy system, and also one of the leading supplier of energy to independent users all over the country.

scholarly journals BALANSING OF POWER AND ELECTRICITY IN THE ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM WITH RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES BY CRITERIONAL METHOD

2021 ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
Petro Lezhniuk ◽  
Olha Buslavets ◽  
Olena Rubanenko
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power System ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Flexible Generation ◽  
Installed Capacity

This article considers the features of the development of renewable energy sources in electrical networks. The main changes in the functional properties of power systems, which include a significant reduction in electricity consumption, change in the structure of electricity consumption, rapid increase in the installed capacity of solar and wind power plants. Electricity consumption in 2020 is almost halved compared to 1990 (from 227 to 119 billion kWh) and as a consequence the share of semi-peak thermal generation, which gave the power system basic flexibility, has significantly decreased (from 71 % in 1990 to 35 % in 2020) and at the same time the share of nuclear generation, which operates in base mode, has increased (from 25 % to 51 %). In particular, consumption by industry with a stable load schedule, decreased (from 146 billion kWh (64 %) to 49 billion kWh (42 %)). At the same time, the demand for electricity by the households, whose consumption profile of which is characterized by significant daily unevenness and sensitivity to meteorological factors, has significantly increased (from 21 billion kWh (9 %) to 37 billion kWh (31 %)). Therefore, the article analyses the preconditions for the problem of flexible generation and explores possible ways to solve them. The optimal composition of electricity generation for Ukraine in the period 2021–2025 is proposed, which provides for the preservation and even increase by optimizing the repair campaign of the share of electricity production by nuclear power plants, the introduction of additional 2–2.5 GW of highly flexible generation and up to 2 GW storage systems (taking into account the pumped-storage power plant), as well as a gradual evolutionary decline in both installed capacity and electricity production by semi-peak coal-fired power plants and maintaining a policy of decarbonisation to ensure its own energy security. A comprehensive approach to compensating for the instability of renewable energy sources generation has been developed, which consists in minimizing the cost of power redundancy in various available ways. The problem of cost optimization for ways to compensate for the instability of renewable energy sources generation is solved by the method of criterion programming. The impact of each backup method on total costs is determined using sensitivity theory.

scholarly journals Changes in Energy Consumption in Agriculture in the EU Countries

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1570
Author(s):  
Tomasz Rokicki ◽  
Aleksandra Perkowska ◽  
Bogdan Klepacki ◽  
Piotr Bórawski ◽  
Aneta Bełdycka-Bórawska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Research Hypothesis ◽  
The Eu

The paper’s main purpose was to identify and present the current situation and changes in energy consumption in agriculture in the European Union (EU) countries. The specific objectives were the determination of the degree of concentration of energy consumption in agriculture in the EU countries, showing the directions of their changes, types of energy used, and changes in this respect, establishing the correlation between energy consumption and changes in the economic and agricultural situation in the EU countries. All member states of the European Union were deliberately selected for research on 31 December 2018 (28 countries). The research period covered the years 2005–2018. The sources of materials were the literature on the subject, and data from Eurostat. Descriptive, tabular, and graphical methods were used to analyze and present materials, dynamics indicators with a stable base, Gini concentration coefficient, concentration analysis using the Lorenz curve, coefficient of variation, Kendall’s tau correlation coefficient, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. A high concentration of energy consumption in agriculture was found in several EU countries, the largest in countries with the largest agricultural sector, i.e., France and Poland. There were practically no changes in the concentration level. Only in the case of renewable energy, a gradual decrease in concentration was visible. More and more countries developed technologies that allow the use of this type of energy. However, the EU countries differed in terms of the structure of the energy sources used. The majority of the basis was liquid fuels, while stable and gaseous fuels were abandoned in favor of electricity and renewable sources—according to which, in the EU countries, the research hypothesis was confirmed: a gradual diversification of energy sources used in agriculture, with a systematic increase in the importance of renewable energy sources. The second research hypothesis was also confirmed, according to which the increase in the consumption of renewable energy in agriculture is closely related to the economy’s parameters. The use of renewable energy is necessary and results from concern for the natural environment. Therefore, economic factors may have a smaller impact.

scholarly journals Towards 100% Renewables by 2030: Transition Alternatives for a Sustainable Electricity Sector in Isla de la Juventud, Cuba

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2862
Author(s):  
Mika Korkeakoski
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power System ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Cuban Government ◽  
Isla De La Juventud ◽  
Near Future

Renewable Energy Sources (RES) have become increasingly desirable worldwide in the fight against global climate change. The sharp decrease in costs of especially wind and solar photovoltaics (PV) have created opportunities to move from dependency on conventional fossil fuel-based electricity production towards renewable energy sources. Renewables experience around 7% (in 2018) annual growth rate in the electricity production globally and the pace is expected to further increase in the near future. Cuba is no exception in this regard, the government has set an ambitious renewable energy target of 24% RES of electricity production by the year 2030. The article analyses renewable energy trajectories in Isla de la Juventud, Cuba, through different future energy scenarios utilizing EnergyPLAN tool. The goal is to identify the best fit and least cost options in transitioning towards 100% electric power systemin Isla de la Juventud, Cuba. The work is divided into analysis of (1) technical possibilities for five scenarios in the electricity production with a 40% increase of electricity consumption by 2030: Business As Usual (BAU 2030, with the current electric power system (EPS) setup), VISION 2030 (according to the Cuban government plan with 24% RES), Advanced Renewables (ARES, with 50% RES), High Renewables (HiRES, with 70% RES), and Fully Renewables (FullRES, with 100% RES based electricity system) scenarios and (2) defining least cost options for the five scenarios in Isla de la Juventud, Cuba. The results show that high penetration of renewables is technically possible even up to 100% RES although the best technological fit versus least cost options may not favor the 100% RES based systems with the current electric power system (EPS) setup. This is due to realities in access to resources, especially importation of state of the art technological equipment and biofuels, financial and investment resources, as well as the high costs of storage systems. The analysis shows the Cuban government vision of reaching 24% of RES in the electricity production by 2030 can be exceeded even up to 70% RES based systems with similar or even lower costs in the near future in Isla de la Juventud. However, overcoming critical challenges in the economic, political, and legal conditions are crucially important; how will the implementation of huge national capital investments and significant involvement of Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) actualize to support achievement of the Cuban government’s 2030 vision?

scholarly journals The Potential of Using Renewable Energy Sources in Poland Taking into Account the Economic and Ecological Conditions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7525
Author(s):  
Mariusz Niekurzak
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Technical Specification ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Starting Point

The aim of the manuscript was to present the collective results of research on the profitability of using various renewable sources in Poland with the greatest development potential. In the paper, the economic parameters of various investment projects were determined and calculated, i.e., Net Capital Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and the Period of Return on Invested Capital (PBT). The economic assessment of the use of RES technologies was supplemented with the assessment of environmental benefits. The ecological criterion adopted in the study was the assessment of the potential and costs of reducing greenhouse gas emissions as a result of replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy technologies. On the basis of the constructed economic model to assess the profitability of investments, it has been shown that the analyzed projects will start to bring, depending on their type and technical specification, measurable economic benefits in the form of a reduction in the amount of energy purchased on an annual basis and environmental benefits in the form of reduction of carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere. Moreover, the calculations show a high potential for the use of certain renewable sources in Poland, which contributes to the fulfillment of energy and emission obligations towards the EU. The analyzes and research of the Polish energy market with the use of the presented models have shown that the project is fully economically justified and will allow investors to make a rational decision on the appropriate selection of a specific renewable energy source for their investment. The presented economic models to assess the profitability of investments in renewable energy sources can be successfully used in other countries and can also be a starting point for a discussion about the direction of energy development. Due to the lack of collective, original and up-to-date research on the domestic market, the manuscript provides the reader with the necessary knowledge regarding the legitimacy of using renewable energy sources, investment and environmental profitability.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANTS ON THE OVERALL ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM OF THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Kanevče ◽  
Igor Tomovski ◽  
Ljubčo Kocarev
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Photovoltaic Power ◽  
The Republic

In this paper we analyze the impact of the renewable energy sources on the overall electric power system of the Republic of Macedonia. Specifically, the effect of the photovoltaic power plants is examined. For this purpose we developed an electricity production optimization model, based on standard network flow model. The renewable energy sources are included in the model of Macedonia based on hourly meteorological data. Electricity producers that exist in 2012 are included in the base scenario. Two more characteristic years are analyzed, i.e. 2015 and 2020. The electricity producers planned to be constructed in these two years (which include the renewable energy sources) are also included. The results show that the renewable energy sources introduce imbalance in the system when the minimum electricity production is higher than the electricity required by the consumers. But, in these critical situations the production from photovoltaic energy sources is zero, which means that they produce electricity during the peak load, and do not produce when the consumption is at minimum.

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