scholarly journals Effect of exposure to sublethal concentrations of zinc cyanide on tissue ATPase activity in the fresh water fish, Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham)

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shwetha Dube ◽  
B.B. Hosetti
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Fresh Water Fish ◽  
Cirrhinus Mrigala ◽  
Biomarkers Of Exposure ◽  
Maximum Inhibition ◽  
Water Fish ◽  
Treated Fish ◽  
Cyanide Intoxication ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of zinc cyanide (Zn(CN)2) on the ATPase (Na+-K+-, Mg2+, Ca2+) activity of the freshwater fish Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham). Fish were exposed to two sublethal concentrations (0.114 and 0.068 mg/L) and the effects were studied in the liver, muscle and gill tissues at the end of 5, 10 and 15 days of exposure. Cyanide intoxication resulted in marked changes in ATPases, represented by a significant decrease in the activities. Maximum inhibition was observed at higher concentration. The order of inhibition in the activity was Na+-K+-> Ca2+ > Mg2+ ATPase. These results imply an immediate adaptive response to the stress, demonstrating alterations in ATPase activities in the tissues of cyanide-treated fish. The present study clearly proposes that ATPases can be used as biomarkers of exposure of aquatic organisms to cyanide intoxication.

scholarly journals Genotoxic Effects of Chlorpyrifos in Freshwater Fish Cirrhinus mrigala Using Micronucleus Assay

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Bhatnagar ◽  
Abhay Singh Yadav ◽  
Navneet Cheema
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Micronucleus Assay ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Fresh Water Fish ◽  
Cirrhinus Mrigala ◽  
Water Fish ◽  
Treated Fish ◽  
Potential Tool ◽  
Different Doses

The genotoxicity of pesticides is an issue of worldwide concern and chlorpyrifos is one of the largest selling organophosphate agrochemicals that has been widely detected in surface waters of India. The studies on long term genotoxic biomarkers are limited; therefore, present study was carried out to analyze the incidence of nuclear anomalies in the blood cells of fresh water fish Cirrhinus mrigala using micronucleus (MN) assay as a potential tool for assessment of genotoxicity. Acute toxicity of chlorpyrifos was evaluated by exposing fingerlings to different doses of chlorpyrifos (1/20, 1/10, and 1/5 of LC50) and LC50 was calculated as 0.44 mg L−1 using probit analysis. Blood samples were taken on days 2, 4, 8, 12, 21, 28, and 35. In general, significant effects for both concentration and duration of exposure were observed in treated fish. It was found that MN induction was highest on day 14 at 0.08 mg L−1 concentration of chlorpyrifos. It was concluded that chlorpyrifos is genotoxic pesticide causing nuclear anomalies in Cirrhinus mrigala.

scholarly journals Effect of Hexavalent Chromium on the WBCs of the Fresh Water Fish, Labeo rohita

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Sivakumar V ◽  
Surendran A ◽  
Thatheyus A.J
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Differential Count ◽  
Fresh Water Fish ◽  
Water Fish ◽  
Chromium Exposure ◽  
Wbc Count ◽  
Direct Discharge

Industrial effluents containing heavy metals may reach aquatic systems either through direct discharge or surface runoff and cause damage to aquatic organisms affecting their immune system and health. Hence the present study has been undertaken to observe the effects of hexavalent chromium on the WBCs of the fresh water fish, Labeorohita. WBCs play a major role in the immune response of the fish. For acute toxicity determination, healthy fish were subjected to static bioassays. The 24, 48, 72, and 96hr LC50 values were 50.88, 42.03, 28.09 and 10.87 ppm respectively. The fish were exposed to 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 ppm for 20 days. Differential count of WBCs and total WBC count were determined after every five days for twenty days. Lymphocytes exhibited a decline while the other cells and total WBC count exhibited an increase due to hexavalent chromium exposure. The results were subjected to two way analysis of variance.

scholarly journals Influence of cyanide on some antioxidant enzymes of freshwater fish, Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton)

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-184
Author(s):  
Shwetha Alavandi ◽  
Basaling Hosetti
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Sublethal Toxicity ◽  
Fish Tissues ◽  
Energy Depletion ◽  
Cirrhinus Mrigala ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
Treated Fish ◽  
Cyanide Intoxication ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Sublethal toxicity of cyanide to freshwater fish, Cirrhinus mrigala was evaluated to determine its effect on the activities of some antioxidative enzymes. Changes in succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6-PDH) were observed in tissues of the tested animal. Cyanide significantly decreased the activity of SDH, and G6-PDH in the liver, gill and brain tissues of the fish. The elevation of LDH indicated metabolic disorders and a clear response against energy depletion. Changes in the dehydrogenase activity in cyanide treated fish tissues may be due to fluctuations in oxidative metabolism. It is concluded that the cyanide intoxication exerted a profound impact on the enzymatic activity of the fish, as observed in the hitherto study.

scholarly journals SUPPLEMENTATION OF CALCIUM AND SELENIUM AGAINST CADMIUM INDUCED BIOACCUMULATION IN SELECTED TISSUES OF FRESH WATER FISH, OREOCHROMIS MOSSAMBICUS

2019 ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
Obaiah Jamakala
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Oreochromis Mossambicus ◽  
Sublethal Concentration ◽  
Fresh Water Fish ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Exposed Fish ◽  
Water Fish

Objective: Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most hazardous heavy metals in aquatic environments and could threaten aquatic organisms including fish. The present study was carried out to know the protective effects of calcium (Ca) and selenium (Se) in reducing the Cd bioaccumulation in selected tissues of fresh water fish, Oreochromis mossambicus. Methods: The fresh water fish, Oreochromis mossambicus (Tilapia) was brought from the local ponds and were allowed for acclimatization to the laboratory conditions. After acclimatization, fish were exposed to sublethal concentration of Cd (1/10th of LC50/48h, i.e., 5 ppm) for 7, 15 and 30 d (d) period. 15d Cd-exposed fish were divided into three groups. The first group of fish were subjected to Ca (1 ppm) supplementation, second group received only Se (1 ppm) supplement and third group of fish were supplemented with the combination of both Ca and Se at the above said doses and observed for 7, 15 and 30d time periods. After specific time intervals, liver, kidney, gill and intestine tissues were isolated and used for Cd bioaccumulation studies. Results: Cd concentration levels significantly (P<0.05) increased in the test tissues with increased period of exposure. Maximum Cd accumulation was found in 30d Cd-exposed fish kidney tissue (22.611±0.676 μg/gm wet wt. of the tissue). However, after supplementing with Ca and/or Se, there was a significant reversal in the levels of Cd concentration in all the test tissues. Maximum reduction was observed under Ca alone supplementation. Conclusion: The present study clearly reveals that individual supplementation of Ca tends to detoxify the Cd body burden in the test tissues than the other modes of supplementation.

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