scholarly journals The effects of forty years of spruce cultivation in a zone of beech forest on mt. Maljen (Serbia)

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 1181-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Kostic ◽  
Miroslava Mitrovic ◽  
Snezana Jaric ◽  
L. Djurdjevic ◽  
Gordana Gajic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Layer ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Beech Forest ◽  
Adsorption Complex ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Beech Stand ◽  
Chemical Soil ◽  
Physical And Chemical

This study investigates the effects of the forty-year cultivation of Picea abies on the floristic composition, physical and chemical soil characteristics, and the intensity of organic matter decomposition in a zone of mountainous beech forest (mt. Maljen, northwestern Serbia). The long-term cultivation of conifers in a deciduous habitat has caused a reduction in biodiversity, as well as changes in the soil which were most pronounced in the top soil layer. There were found to be lower soil moisture levels (p<0.05), lower active (p<0.01) and substitutional acidity (p<0.001), depletion of the adsorption complex in base cations (p<0.001), and lower levels of n, P and K (p<0.001) in the spruce stand in relation to the beech stand (control). The higher C/n ratio of spruce litter (p<0.001) caused its lower decomposition rate in comparison to beech litter (p<0.01). All these changes have led to degradation and a reduction in this ecosystem?s productivity.

scholarly journals The effects of Douglas fir monoculture on stand characteristics in a zone of Montane beech forest

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Kostic ◽  
Snezana Jaric ◽  
Gordana Gajic ◽  
Dragana Pavlovic ◽  
Milica Markovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Beech Forest ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Ecological Stability ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Beech Stand ◽  
Biodiversity Changes ◽  
The Right ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The right choice of tree species to form forest cultures is of paramount importance to the preservation of the diversity, fertility and ecological stability of forest ecosystems. To that end, we examined the effect of a 40-year-long cultivation of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb) Franco) on the floristic composition, characteristics of the forest floor, physical and chemical properties of the soil and the intensity of organic matter decomposition in a beech forest in western Serbia (Mt. Maljen). It was found that the cultivation of Douglas fir caused a reduction in biodiversity, changes in the chemical properties of the soil, that were most pronounced in the surface layers (0-10 cm), and a slowing down in the metabolism of the beech stand. The absence of many plant species characteristic to natural beech forests was observed in the Douglas fir plantation, these were reflected in the detected changes in the chemical properties of the soil, such as lower substitutional acidity (p<0.05), depletion of the adsorption of basis in the cation complex (p<0.001) and lower amounts of C, N, P (p<0.001) and K (p<0.01) in relation to the beech stand (control). No differences were found in soil moisture and active acidity levels. The higher value of the C/N ratio of the Douglas fir litter (p<0.001) provided proof for its lower decomposition rate compared to beech litter (p<0.05). Over time, all these changes could lead to further acidification and degradation of the soil and a reduction in this ecosystem?s productivity.

scholarly journals RADIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF IONIZING RADIATION IMPACT ON THE TERRESTRIAL NON-HUMAN BIOTA IN LITHUANIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina KONSTANTINOVA ◽  
Nina PROKOPČIUK ◽  
Arūnas GUDELIS ◽  
Donatas BUTKUS
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Software Application ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Top Soil

The quantitative assessment of radionuclides transfer to non-human biota using their activity concentration ratios is required for models of predictive doses of ionizing radiation. Based on long-term data regarding activity concentration of radionuclides in the top soil layer of the entire territory of Lithuania, and with the help of ERICA Assessment Tool – a software application that calculates dose rates to selected biota, we estimated the radiological impact on the terrestrial non-human biota with special emphasis on the protected areas located in the vicinity of Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant (INPP). Estimated total dose rates of artificial radionuclides – after-Chernobyl 137Cs and 90Sr as well as discharged by INPP – and natural radionuclides, such as 238U and 232Th, were found to be less than ERICA screening value of 10 μGy h–1.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF AMELIORATIVE AFFORESTATION ON THE ERODIBILITY FACTOR AND SOIL LOSS IN THE GRDELICA GORGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (28) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Baumgertel ◽  
Sara Lukić ◽  
Snežana Belanović Simić ◽  
Predrag Miljković
Keyword(s):  
Soil Loss ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Erodibility ◽  
Chemical Laboratory ◽  
Chemical Soil ◽  
Planting Method ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The paper presents research carried out in the area of Grdelica gorge in 60 years old black pine (Pinusnigra Arnold.) stands. The aim of this study was to determine whether the applied planting method ofameliorative afforestation had an impact on physical and chemical soil properties, soil erodibility andsoil loss. The experimental fields were selected from the afforested areas where soil samples weretaken from fixed depths and then were subjected to physical and chemical laboratory analyses. Thesoil erodibility factor K was calculated using the Wischmeier and Smith formula, whilst, soil loss wasestimated according to Erosion Potential method – EPM by Gavrilović. According to the results of theresearch, in the studied period of 60 years there was a change in the soil physical and chemical properties.There was also a reduction in the soil erodibility factor and soil loss which can be the result ofameliorative afforestation. The afforestation method can affect the reduction of soil losses, while theerodibility factor may be affected indirectly (e.g. by increase in the organic matter content, formingstructural aggregates) not immediately after afforestation, but in a long term period.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the soil in mountain beech communities on mountain Manjaca

2008 ◽  
pp. 75-87
Author(s):  
Sasa Eremija
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Beech Forest ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Chemical Soil ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The presented results of soil study, which will be used for defining the beech forest types of management unit 'Dubicka Gora' on Mt. Manjaca, are the basis for solving a series of current tasks of forestry profession. Relief and chemical nature of limestone are the main factors of the soil cover differentiation (Knezevic, Kosanin, 2004.). The results of physical and chemical soil properties are shown and its taxonomy is determined. Forest cover is represented by heterogeneous units-forest combinations. Four basic soil types are defined on the basis of detailed field and laboratory research: rendzina on dolomite, chernozem on limestone, brown soil on limestone, illimerised soil on limestone and dolomite.

scholarly journals The Use Of Pb-210 Isotope As An Indicator Of Pollutants’ Migration In The Environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-388
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Dołhańczuk-Śródka
Keyword(s):  
Lead Isotope ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Radioactive Isotopes ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Particulate Matter Emission ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Increased Activity

Abstract Radioactive isotopes, both natural and artificial, present in the environment, may be convenient indicators that can be used to study many physical and chemical processes as well as the transport of pollutants in the ecosystem. The studies have shown that in identification of particulate matter emission sources a radioactive lead isotope (Pb-210) can be used. The Pb-210 increased activity concentration in the top soil layers suggests its current atmospheric deposition. This conclusion is confirmed by the results of the Principal Components Analysis, conducted using the measured radionuclide content in 0-30 cm deep soil layer samples.

Effects of microplastic particles on vertical water flow in soil columns

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannes Laermanns ◽  
Katharina Luise Müller ◽  
Martin Löder ◽  
Ramona Ehl ◽  
Julia Möller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
Chemical Soil ◽  
First Results ◽  
Physical And Chemical

&lt;h3&gt;Since the introduction of synthetic polymers into the global material cycle, increasing amounts of microplastics have been deposited in soils. In contrast to their impact on marine environments, only little is known about the influence of these long-term contaminants on terrestrial ecosystems in general and on physical and chemical soil properties in particular. First studies highlight that microplastic particles might attach to and clog especially smaller than 30 &amp;#181;m pores which are crucial for the hydraulic conductivity and therefore the water flow of soils (Zhang et al., 2019, doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.149).&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h3&gt;In our study, we analyse the effects of microplastic particles on vertical water flow in soil columns. In infiltration-drainage experiments, we contrast water flow in soil columns with and without microplastic particles. A bromide tracer is used to compare the arrival times of the wetting fronts and the tracer fronts, and water flow is characterized using the viscous flow approach (e.g. Bogner &amp; Germann, 2019, doi:10.2136/vzj2018.09.0168). We show first results on how microplastic particles may affect the vertical water flow in soils and the breakthrough of the tracer.&lt;/h3&gt;

Modelling the Effects of Acid Deposition: Estimation of Long-Term Water Quality Responses in Forested Catchments in Finland

1988 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lepistö ◽  
P. G. Whitehead ◽  
C. Neal ◽  
B. J. Cosby
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Mineral Weathering ◽  
Co2 Solubility ◽  
Forested Catchments ◽  
Deposition Rates ◽  
Magic Model

A modelling study has been undertaken to investigate long-term changes in surface water quality in two contrasting forested catchments; Yli-Knuutila, with high concentrations of base cations and sulphate, in southern Finland; and organically rich, acid Liuhapuro in eastern Finland. The MAGIC model is based on the assumption that certain chemical processes (anion retention, cation exchange, primary mineral weathering, aluminium dissolution and CO2 solubility) in catchment soils are likely keys to the responses of surface water quality to acidic deposition. The model was applied for the first time to an organically rich catchment with high quantities of humic substances. The historical reconstruction of water quality at Yli-Knuutila indicates that the catchment surface waters have lost about 90 μeq l−1 of alkalinity in 140 years, which is about 60% of their preacidification alkalinity. The model reproduces the declining pH levels of recent decades as indicated by paleoecological analysis. Stream acidity trends are investigated assuming two scenarios for future deposition. Assuming deposition rates are maintained in the future at 1984 levels, the model indicates that stream pH is likely to continue to decline below presently measured levels. A 50% reduction in deposition rates would likely result in an increase in pH and alkalinity of the stream, although not to estimated preacidification levels. Because of the high load of organic acids to the Liuhapuro stream it has been acid before atmospheric pollution; a decline of 0.2 pH-units was estimated with increasing leaching of base cations from the soil despite the partial pH buffering of the system by organic compounds.

scholarly journals Effects of disk tillage on soil condition, crop yield and weed infestation

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
M. Birkás ◽  
T. Szalai ◽  
C. Gyuricza ◽  
M. Gecse ◽  
K. Bordás
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Perennial Weeds ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Different Levels

This research was instigated by the fact that during the last decade annually repeated shallow disk tillage on the same field became frequent practice in Hungary. In order to study the changes of soil condition associated with disk tillage and to assess it is consequences, long-term tillage field experiments with different levels of nutrients were set up in 1991 (A) and in 1994 (B) on Chromic Luvisol at G&ouml;d&ouml;ll&ouml;. The effects of disk tillage (D) and disk tillage combined with loosening (LD) on soil condition, on yield of maize and winter wheat, and on weed infestation were examined. The evaluation of soil condition measured by cone index and bulk density indicated that use of disking annually resulted in a dense soil layer below the disking depth (diskpan-compaction). It was found, that soil condition deteriorated by diskpan-compaction decreased the yield of maize significantly by 20 and 42% (w/w), and that of wheat by 13 and 15% (w/w) when compared to soils with no diskpan-compaction. Averaged over seven years, and three fertilizer levels, the cover % of the total, grass and perennial weeds on loosened soils were 73, 69 and 65% of soils contained diskpan-compaction.

Potential Waste Application of Several Industries Segments in Brazilian Agriculture: Effects on Physical and Chemical Soil Properties

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Marcos Renan Besen ◽  
Michel Esper Neto ◽  
Bruno Maia Abdo Rahmen Cassim ◽  
Evandro Antonio Minato ◽  
Tadeu Takeyoshi Inoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Chemical Soil ◽  
Physical And Chemical

scholarly journals Biochar Improves Maize Growth but Has a Limited Effect on Soil Properties: Evidence from a Three-Year Field Experiment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3617
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Medyńska-Juraszek ◽  
Agnieszka Latawiec ◽  
Jolanta Królczyk ◽  
Adam Bogacz ◽  
Dorota Kawałko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Maize Growth ◽  
Chemical Soil ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Biochar application is reported as a method for improving physical and chemical soil properties, with a still questionable impact on the crop yields and quality. Plant productivity can be affected by biochar properties and soil conditions. High efficiency of biochar application was reported many times for plant cultivation in tropical and arid climates; however, the knowledge of how the biochar affects soils in temperate climate zones exhibiting different properties is still limited. Therefore, a three-year-long field experiment was conducted on a loamy Haplic Luvisol, a common arable soil in Central Europe, to extend the laboratory-scale experiments on biochar effectiveness. A low-temperature pinewood biochar was applied at the rate of 50 t h−1, and maize was selected as a tested crop. Biochar application did not significantly impact the chemical soil properties and fertility of tested soil. However, biochar improved soil physical properties and water retention, reducing plant water stress during hot dry summers, and thus resulting in better maize growth and higher yields. Limited influence of the low-temperature biochar on soil properties suggests the crucial importance of biochar-production technology and biochar properties on the effectiveness and validity of its application in agriculture.

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