scholarly journals Differential expression of Galectin-3 in papillary projections of malignant and non-malignant hyperplastic thyroid lesions

2003 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dubravka Cvejic ◽  
Svetlana Savin-Zegarac ◽  
Ivana Petrovic ◽  
Ivan Paunovic ◽  
Svetislav Tatic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Thyroid Neoplasms ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Immunohistochemical Technique ◽  
Galectin 3 ◽  
Papillary Hyperplasia ◽  
Malignant Thyroid Neoplasms ◽  
Benign Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Lesions

Galectin-3 is a a beta-galactoside binding protein recently proposed to be a promising presurgical molecular marker for distinguishing benign from malignant thyroid neoplasms. We analyzed galectin-3 expression immunohistochemically in papillary areas of hyperplastic lesions of benign thyroid tissue in comparison with malignant papillary projections of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). A monoclonal antibody to galectin-3 and ABC immunohistochemical technique were used to evaluate galectin-3 expression in 26 cases of benign papillary hyperplasia (8 cases of hyperplastic adenoma, 8 cases of hyperplastic colloid goiter, 10 cases of Graves disease) in comparison with 25 cases of PTC. Immunohistochemical results showed no reactivity for galectin-3 in papillary areas of benign hyperplastic lesions. Strong cytoplasmic galectin-3 immunoreactivity was found in all 25 cases of PTC. These results show that galectin-3 expression is a feature of malignant papillary projections but not of benign papillary hyperplasia. Thus, the immunohistochemical evaluation of galectin-3 might contribute to differential diagnosis between malignant and benign thyroid lesions with papillary projections.

Intermediate microRNA expression profile in Graves’ disease falls between that of normal thyroid tissue and papillary thyroid carcinoma

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Pohl ◽  
Florian Grabellus ◽  
Karl Worm ◽  
Georg Arnold ◽  
Martin Walz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mirna Expression ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Fold Change ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Normal Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Benign Thyroid

AimsMany studies have previously reported a higher prevalence of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) in patients with Graves' disease (GD). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that are upregulated in PTC compared with benign thyroid tissue. The objective of the study was to examine the miRNA expression of selected miRNAs that are known to be upregulated in PTC in patients with GD.MethodsParaffin embedded thyroid tissue from 159 patients with GD was screened for expression of the miRNAs 146b, 181b, 21, 221 and 222 by RT-PCR. The expression profiles of four normal thyroids, 50 PTCs without concomitant GD and 11 patients with untreated GD served as the controls.ResultsThe expression pattern of these miRNAs in patients with GD is intermediate between that of benign thyroid tissue (p<0.001) and PTC (in three out of five miRNAs, p<0.001). This corresponds to a 15-fold change for GD versus PTC, and a 31-fold change for GD versus normal thyroid tissue. The miRNA expression in 11 papillary microcarcinomas found in our study (a prevalence of 0.07) was not different from that in PTC samples from patients without GD for four of five miRNA types. Furthermore, we found a significant difference in the expression of miRNA 221/222 between treated and untreated GD tissue.ConclusionsIn conclusion, we found an intermediate expression of specific miRNAs in thyroid tissue from patients with GD that fell between the expression levels found in normal thyroid glands and PTC, which suggests a possible influence of certain miRNAs on developing PTC in patients with GD.

scholarly journals Does Galectin3 Immunohistochemical Marker Help in Diagnosing the Nature of Benign or Malignant Thyroid Tumor?

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
Umm-e -Farwa ◽  
Rehana Ramzan ◽  
Mahwish Niaz ◽  
Hassan Salim ◽  
Rabiya Fawad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Follicular Adenoma ◽  
Thyroid Neoplasms ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Immunohistochemical Expression ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Thyroid Carcinomas ◽  
Galectin 3 ◽  
Malignant Thyroid Neoplasms

Introduction: Galectin-3 has been reported quite accurate to detect or exclude malignancy in nodules with prior indeterminate Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology and per operative findings. Keeping this fact in mind, Galectin-3 can have a pivotal role in separating benign from the malignant thyroid neoplasms. We aim to determine the frequency and intensity of Galectin-3 immunohistochemical expression among benign and malignant thyroid neoplasms confirmed on histopathology. Materials and Methods: We studied 78 thyroid specimens diagnosed with thyroid neoplasms on histopathology. Out of these 39 were benign cases (follicular adenoma and hurthle cell adenoma) and 39 were malignant cases (papillary thyroid carcinomas, follicular carcinoma, medullary carcinoma and poorly differentiated carcinoma). Each specimen was examined grossly and microscopically and checked for immunohistochemical staining pattern of Galectin-3 under the microscope. Results: Age range in this study was from 15 to 65 years with mean age of 44.97 ± 10.78 years. Out of these 78 patients, 17 (21.79%) were male and 61 (78.21%) were female with male to female ratio of 1:3.6. Frequency of positive Galectin-3 immuno histochemical expression among thyroid neoplasms was found in 32 (41.03%) cases with Galectin-3 showing positive staining in 21 (53.85%) of all malignant and 11 (28.21%) of all benign cases .Among the malignant neoplasms, positivity was seen most frequently in papillary thyroid carcinomas as compared to the other malignancies. Conclusion: This study concluded that positive Galectin-3 immunohistochemical expression is more in malignant thyroid neoplasms (53.85%) as compare to the benign lesions (28.21%). Therefore, we recommend that this marker cannot be used alone for the routine diagnosis of malignant lesions as it has shown less sensitivity and specificity. Moreover it also has shown no significant role in differentiating between the benign and the malignant thyroid neoplasms.

scholarly journals Role of CD10 Marker in Differentiating Malignant Thyroid Neoplasms from Benign Thyroid Lesions (Immunohistochemical & Histopathological Study)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 2295-2300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samia Mohamed Gabal ◽  
Mostafa Mohamed Salem ◽  
Rasha Ramadan Mostafa ◽  
Shaimaa Mohamed Abdelsalam
Keyword(s):  
Papillary Carcinoma ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Thyroid Neoplasms ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Benign Lesions ◽  
Cd10 Expression ◽  
Malignant Thyroid Neoplasms ◽  
Benign Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Lesions

BACKGROUND: CD10 was initially recognised as a cell–surface antigen expressed by acute lymphoblastic leukaemias, and hence it’s early designation as Common Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Antigen (CALLA). Also, it has been proven to be reactive in various non-lymphoid cells and tissue and different types of neoplasms. AIM: To evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of CD10 in malignant thyroid neoplasms and different benign lesions and to assess whether CD10 can be used as a malignancy marker in thyroid pathology or not. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 83 archived, formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue blocks of 83 cases of malignant thyroid neoplasms and different benign lesions. The samples were immunohistochemically analysed for CD10 expression. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: CD10 was expressed in 91% of the studied malignant thyroid neoplasms and 58% of benign thyroid lesions. It was expressed in 26 of 28 (92.9%) conventional papillary carcinomas, ten of 10 (100%) follicular variants of papillary carcinoma, seven of nine (77.8%) minimally invasive follicular carcinomas, two of three (66.7%) widely invasive follicular carcinomas, and seven of 7 (100%) undifferentiated carcinomas, seven of 11 (66.7%) adenomatous nodules and eight of 15 (53.3%) follicular adenomas. No statistically significant correlations were detected between CD10 expression and patients’ age, sex, lymph node metastasis, tumour stage and capsular invasion. CONCLUSION: CD10 shows strong sensitivity (91.2%) and moderate specificity (42.3%) in the diagnosis of malignancy overall and shows strong sensitivity (86.4%) and moderate specificity (42.3%) in the diagnosis of malignancy in the follicular-patterned lesions. So, CD10 might be useful in differentiating malignant from benign thyroid lesions (good positive test) and in the diagnosis of follicular variant of papillary carcinoma.

scholarly journals Galectin-3 Immunohistochemical Expression in Thyroid Neoplasms – A Study from Kalaburagi, Karnataka

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (26) ◽  
pp. 2288-2293
Author(s):  
Anuradha G. Patil ◽  
Saniya Jahan ◽  
Syed Mukhtar Mohiuddin
Keyword(s):  
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Follicular Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Neoplasms ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Benign Neoplasms ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Follicular Variant ◽  
Galectin 3 ◽  
Malignant Thyroid Neoplasms

BACKGROUND Thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine malignancy. Galectin-3 has been implicated in malignant transformation and metastasis of cancer cells and it has received notable recognition for its usefulness as a diagnostic marker for thyroid cancer. We wanted to evaluate the expression of Galectin-3 on thyroid neoplasms, establish its diagnostic accuracy and also differentiate between benign and malignant thyroid lesions. METHODS A total of 54 thyroidectomy specimens were studied over a period of 3 years (2016 - 2019) which included 20 benign and 34 malignant thyroid neoplasms. Histopathologic evaluation of H & E stained sections was done and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining for Galectin-3 was performed for all neoplasms with the polymeric method using lyophilized mouse monoclonal antibody. (Path n Situ) and grading based on intensity of Galectin-3 expression were noted. RESULTS Galectin-3 expression was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in malignant thyroid neoplasms in comparison to the benign neoplasms. Galectin-3 expression for malignant neoplasms showed sensitivity of 88.23 %, specificity of 95.0 %, positive predictive value (PPV) of 96.8 % and negative predictive value (NPV) of 82.6 %. Galectin-3 expression in Papillary thyroid carcinoma showed a sensitivity of 95.83 % and PPV of 88.2 %. While comparing the neoplasms showing follicular pattern, Galectin-3 expression was more in the malignant neoplasms (follicular carcinoma and follicular variant of papillary carcinoma thyroid) than benign neoplasms (follicular adenoma). CONCLUSIONS Galectin-3 is a useful marker in differentiating benign and malignant thyroid neoplasms. Galectin-3 is sensitive for Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and among the follicular patterned lesions, Galectin-3 is sensitive for follicular variant of papillary carcinoma and follicular carcinoma. Thus Galectin-3 protein expression evaluated using immunohistochemistry technique acts as an adjunctive ancillary technique in thyroid cancer diagnosis. KEYWORDS Galectin-3, Immunohistochemistry, Thyroid Carcinoma, Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Evaluation of peripheral blood E2F3 mRNA as a potential diagnostic biomarker in human papillary thyroid cancer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Zhao ◽  
Ziqin Zhao ◽  
Fengyun Wu ◽  
Duoduo Wang ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Benign Thyroid ◽  
Benign Hyperplasia ◽  
Thyroid Lesions

Abstract Background: The transcription factor E2F3 plays a vital role in regulating cell cycle progression and proliferation. In addition, many reports have shown that E2F3 exerts an oncogenic role in various cancers and is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of some human cancers. However, the value of E2F3 in the molecular diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has rarely been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of E2F3 in the early diagnosis and monitoring of PTC.Materials and methods: Peripheral blood samples from 20 patients with PTC, 20 patients with benign thyroid lesions and 20 normal controls were collected. Peripheral blood E2F3 mRNA and thyroid sample E2F3 mRNA expression were detected by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The expression of E2F3 protein in normal thyroid tissue and thyroid tissue from benign thyroid lesions and PTC were detected by immunohistochemistry. The optimal cut-off value for differentiating PTC was obtained by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.Results: E2F3 mRNA expression levels in peripheral blood and thyroid samples were significantly higher in PTC patients than in patients with benign thyroid lesions and normal subjects (P<0.05). Moreover, benign hyperplasia had higher E2F3 expression than normal tissue (P<0.01).There was no significant association between the level of E2F3 mRNA and aggressive clinicopathologic features of PTC, including TNM staging, extrathyroidal invasion, multifocality, and lymph node metastasis (P>0.05).With a cut-off value of 2.3, blood E2F3 mRNA showed 90% sensitivity, 60.9% specificity, a 70.5% positive predictive value, an 85.47% negative predictive value and 74.4% accuracy for discriminating PTC from benign hyperplasia disease of the thyroid and normal tissue. In addition, immunohistochemical results showed that E2F3 protein expression was also higher in the PTC group than in the other groups.Conclusions: The highest expression of E2F3 was found in peripheral blood and thyroid tissue of PTC patients. Moreover, blood E2F3 mRNA can be considered a promising diagnostic marker for discriminating PTC from benign thyroid diseases.

scholarly journals Comparison of E-cadherin and CD56 Expression in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Non-Neoplastic Thyroid Lesions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumi Thomas ◽  
Divya Surendran ◽  
Joy Augustine
Keyword(s):  
Adhesion Molecules ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
P Value ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions ◽  
Cd56 Expression ◽  
Thyroid Lesions ◽  
E Cadherin

Introduction: Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas (PTC) are the most common among thyroid malignancies. The incidence of this tumour is rapidly increasing around the world. Kerala has the highest incidence of this tumour in India. Abnormalities in adhesion molecules, E-cadherin and CD56 have recently been implicated in thyroid tumourigenesis. Sometimes the diagnosis of PTC is difficult, as there are a good number of histological variants and some may be encapsulated. In such situations, evaluation of the expression of adhesion molecules like E-cadherin and CD56 are useful in accurate diagnosis. Aim: To study the Immunohistochemical Expression of E-cadherin and CD56 in PTC, its adjacent normal thyroid tissue and other non-neoplastic thyroid lesions. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive study conducted at Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Thrissur from January 2018 to June 2019. Seventy six thyroidectomy specimens (38 each of PTC and Non-neoplastic lesions) were studied after satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Microscopic examination of the Haematoxylin and Eosin stained sections were done for selecting the representative tissue block to immunostain for E-cadherin and CD56. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square test and Fisher’s-exact tests. P-value of <0.05 was considered as significant. Results: E-cadherin expression was negative in 37 cases of PTC. Only two non-neoplastic lesions were negative for E-cadherin (p-value of 0.021). No significant correlation was observed between E-cadherin expression and poor prognostic factors (tumour diameter, multifocality, extrathyroidal extension and lymph node metastasis). All PTC cases showed negative CD56 expression. A total of 34 out of 38 Non-neoplastic cases showed positive CD56 staining (significant p value=0.011). In non-neoplastic lesions, E-cadherin and CD56 were preserved. CD56 showed highest specificity (100%). Conclusion: PTC was characterised by decreased or absent expression of E-cadherin as compared to the adjacent thyroid tissue. CD56 expression was uniformly negative in all the PTC cases. CD56 marker had highest specificity (100%). In follicular patterned thyroid lesions, CD56 as a single marker may be useful for identifying PTC from other thyroid lesions in daily practice. To conclude, CD56 negativity and E-cadherin loss can assist in decision making of difficult cases.

scholarly journals The Potential Diagnostic Utility of TROP-2 & C-Kit in Thyroid Neoplasms

2021 ◽  
pp. 110-123
Author(s):  
Amal Abd El-Halim El-Dakrany ◽  
Yomna Abd El-Monem Zamzam ◽  
Rania Elsayed Wasfy ◽  
Assia Mahfouz Abd El-Raouf
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Follicular Adenoma ◽  
Follicular Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Neoplasms ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Diagnostic Utility ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Benign Thyroid ◽  
Nuclear Features ◽  
Thyroid Lesions

Background: Thyroid nodules are common finding, only 5% of nodules are malignant and the vast majority is non-neoplastic lesions or benign neoplasms. Thyroid cancer incidence is increasing faster than any other cancer types, thus representing one of the most common and clinically worrying malignant tumors of the endocrine system. Trophoblast antigen 2 (TROP2) is a transmembrane receptor glycoprotein encoded by the tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2(Tacstd2) gene, which is located on chromosome 1p32. Although the biological function of TROP2 is unclear, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that its expression is elevated in various malignant tissues, whereas in human normal tissues relatively low or no TROP2 expression is observed. C-Kit is a type III receptor tyrosine kinase. C-Kit expression and signaling have been well characterized in several tumors, including gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). However, few studies have investigated c-Kit in the thyroid gland or in thyroid malignancies. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic utility of TROP-2 on a large set of neoplastic thyroid lesions & to investigate the utility of TROP-2 & c-Kit markers to distinguish between benign and malignant thyroid neoplasms on Paraffin blocks. Methods: Immunohistochemistry for TROP2 and c-Kit was carried out on 85 different thyroid lesions (40 benign, 7 borderline and 38 malignant). Results: Malignant thyroid lesions were found to have negative expression of c-Kit in contrast to 80% of benign thyroid neoplasms. TROP2 was strong positive in 87.5% of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC), but there was no TROP2 expression in benign thyroid neoplasms, non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary like nuclear features, follicular carcinoma, anaplastic and poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Conclusions: TROP2 is a good diagnostic tool for PTCs to differentiate between PTCs & other lesions with papillary like nuclear features as NIFTP, c-Kit is a good diagnostic tool for follicular adenoma & to differentiate between follicular adenoma & follicular carcinoma.

Rapid Growth and Early Metastasis of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in an Adolescent Girl with Graves’ Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Shimura ◽  
Hironori Shibata ◽  
Yusuke Mizuno ◽  
Naoko Amano ◽  
Ken Hoshino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Ultrasonography ◽  
Early Metastasis ◽  
Metastatic Lesions

Background: The risk factors for rapid growth and early metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and the role of coexisting Graves’ disease in the clinical course of PTC remain uncertain in children. Case Description: We report on a Japanese girl, whose PTC rapidly grew and metastasized within 4 years. Graves’ disease was diagnosed by the presence of serum TSH receptor antibodies at 8 years of age when thyroid ultrasonography detected no nodules. After 4 years of effective treatment with thiamazole, multifocal nodules – up to 47 mm in diameter – were detected on thyroid ultrasonography. Chest CT scan revealed multiple metastatic lesions in the lung. After total thyroidectomy, PTC was pathologically diagnosed. The patient underwent two courses of radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment, but the pulmonary metastatic lesions did not take up the RAI. Molecular analyses of the PTC tissue identified a TFG/NTRK1 chimeric gene and disclosed the preserved expression of TSHR and the reduced expression of SLC5A5 compared with non-tumor thyroid tissue. Conclusions: Rapid growth and early metastasis of PTC with coexisting Graves’ disease in this patient can be related to a combination of multiple factors including preserved TSHR expression, reduced SLC5A5 expression, and TFG/NTRK1 rearrangement.

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