scholarly journals Reproduction parameters and fertility control in herds of dairy cows

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Stevan Perkovic ◽  
Dragan Vukovic ◽  
Milan Petrovic
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Fertility Control ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Good Reproduction ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
Successful Production

In order to achieve good reproduction and production results in herds of dairy cows, apart from basic conditions concerning housing, care and nutrition, it is necessary to carry out regular clinical examinations of genital organs. Such examinations are not carried out regularly in practice therefore often many reproduction disorders are not diagnosed timely. As consequence we have bad fertility results, considerably lower milk production and high level of culled females from the herd. Reproduction parameters in herds of dairy cows are important factors from the aspect of successful production and herd management. Analysis of certain parameters enables the definition of problems in production, as well as the cause of bed results. Majority of this parameters can be applied in large dairy cow herds, some are also applicable in smaller herds. In conditions of market economy demands for economically efficient production are more expressed therefore the adequate determination of mentioned parameters is of great importance.

The effects of feeding compound concentrate supplements with either a low or high level of true methionine digested in the small intestine (DVmet) to dairy cows

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 22-22
Author(s):  
R.L.G. Zom ◽  
E. Kamerman ◽  
G. Remmelink ◽  
G. van Duinkerken
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Cattle Feeds ◽  
True Protein ◽  
High Level

The Dutch DVE/OEB protein evaluation system (Tamminga et al., 1994) gives predictions for the concentration of whole true protein digested in the small intestine (DVE) in cattle feeds, but not for the concentration of single amino acids. Therefore, new standard methods has been introduced for the prediction of true methionine and lysine digested in the small intestine (DVmet and DVlys, respectively) in cattle feeds based on the principles of the calculation of DVE (van Duinkerken and Blok, 1998). These methods give the opportunity to select particular feeds and concentrate ingredients in order to manipulate the concentration of DVmet and DVlys in diets and compound concentrates. However, in the Netherlands, there are no recommendations for DVmet and DVlys in dairy cow rations established yet. An experiment was therefore conducted to study the effects of feeding compound concentrate supplements with either a low (L) or high (H) level of DVmet on feed intake and milk production in dairy cows fed a grass and maize silage mixture ad libitum

Automatic Determination of Feature Interactions in Design-for-Manufacturing Analysis

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gadh ◽  
F. B. Prinz
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Boundary Representation ◽  
Abstract Entity ◽  
Automatic Determination ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Feature Interactions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
Aided Design

The current paper discusses a fundamentally new approach to defining and finding interactions in computer-aided design (CAD) forms or features. Feature classes are defined using a high-level abstract entity called a loop. Loops define features in a general manner and aid in the definition of feature boundaries as well. Interactions between features exist due to interactions between their boundaries. Several types of interactions are defined and automatically determined from the boundary representation solid model of the part subsequent to performing feature extraction.

High Level Definition of Event-Based Applications for Pervasive Systems

2011 ◽  
pp. 128-172
Author(s):  
Steffen Ortmann ◽  
Michael Maaser ◽  
Peter Langendoerfer
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Design Flow ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
Event Based ◽  
New Applications

Within pervasive intelligent environments, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) will surround and serve us at any place and any time. A proper usability is considered essential for WSNs supporting real life applications. With this chapter, we aim at ease of use for specifying new applications that have to autonomously cope with expected and unexpected heterogeneity, sudden failures, and energy efficiency. Starting with general design criteria for applications in WSNs, we created a user-centric design flow for pervasive applications. The design flow provides very high abstraction and user guidance to refrain the user from implementation-, deployment- and hardware-details including heterogeneity of the available sensor nodes. Automatic event configuration is accomplished by using a flexible Event Specification Language (ESL) and Event Decision Trees (EDTs) for distributed detection and determination of real world phenomena. EDTs autonomously adapt to heterogeneous availability of sensing capabilities by pruning and subscription to other nodes for missing information. We present one of numerous simulated scenarios proving the robustness and energy efficiency with regard to the required network communications. From these, we learned how to deduce appropriate bounds for configuration of collaboration region and leasing time by asking for expected properties of the phenomena to be detected.

METHODICAL BASIS OF CROSSBREEDING USING IN DAIRY CATTLE

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
А. P. Krugliak
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Genetic Defects ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Methodical Basis ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Research Analysis ◽  
Selection Of

The scientific research analysis of crossbreeding using in dairy cattle of guiding countries has been implemented. There has been proved, that positive results of crossbreeding can be only for observing methodical basis of its using. They are: successful selection of initial-breeds, types and plans of theirs crossing, definition of feeding conditions and management of crossbred animals, application of methods of traits valuing, directed selection of bulls. Methodical bases of crossbreeding using in dairy cattle are following: - clear determination of main aim of crossbreeding program; - selection of improve breed may realize not for the most positive but for the less number of traits. A complementary breed shouldn’t have lower milk productivity but higher level of traits, for the sake of which it is selected to crossbreeding. It should be suitable to concrete system of milk production, have satisfactory population, the ramified genealogy and sufficient number of bulls-improvers. Plan of crossing significantly influences on the results of crossbreeding. The complex rotational crossing using 3-4 selected unrelated breeds is effective. The bulls, which are selected to crossbreeding, should have the highest estimation for traits, by which the selection is being carried out. They should be free from of exterior and genetic defects. The selection level should correspond to pure breeding. The innerbreed crossbreeding of Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy cows with top bulls of Montbeliarde, Holstein Red-and-White and Fleckvieh breeds has been suggested.

scholarly journals Vitamin A concentrations in dairy cows of Thessaloniki 's county

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
G. CHRISTODOULOPOULOS (Γ. ΧΡΙΣΤΟΔΟΥΛΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ) ◽  
N. ROUBIES (Ν. ΡΟΥΜΠΙΕΣ) ◽  
H. KARATZIAS (Χ. ΚΑΡΑΤΖΙΑΣ) ◽  
A. PAPASTERIADIS (Α. ΠΑΠΑΣΤΕΡΙΑΔΗΣ)
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Sufficient Vitamin ◽  
In Blood Plasma

Avitaminosis A is stilla serius metabolic problem for cattle in Greece. The purpose of this research work was to investigate the blood vitamin A concentrations in dairy cows of Thessaloniki 's area. The research was conducted in 51 dairy cow farms; whole blood samples from 10 female adult animals per farm, as well as samples from the feedstuffs in use, were collected. Of the total 510 examined cows, 38% showed lower than normal vitamin A concentration in blood plasma (<0,20 μ^ηιΐ), 15% marginal (0,20-0,24 μg/ml) and 47% normal concentration values (>0,25 μg/ml). It should be noted that, of the total 510 examined cows only 7% showed extremely deficient concentration of vitamin A in blood plasma (<0,05 μg/ml). The determination of total carotene concentration in feedstuffs from those farms, indicated that only the corn ensilage and the fresh grass contained the appropriate amount of carotene. The above results, in correlation with corresponding results from previous researches, indicate that there is a decrease in the percentage of cows with subnormal vitamin A concentration. This may be attributed to more frequent use of corn silage, and more systematic addition of vitamin A in concentrate feeds. This research provides evidence that some dairy cow genotypes, with high milk yields, may balance their needs only by vitamin A supplementation, it means that maybe the ration carotenes alone are no sufficient vitamin A source for these cows. Furthermore, the results of this research suggest that the absence of a regulator mechanism for the carotene concentration in the cattle blood plasma may be possible.

Effects of Retinoic Acid and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 on IFN-gamma Secretion by Mononuclear Leukocytes from Nulliparous and Postparturient Dairy Cattle

2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burim Ametaj ◽  
Brian Nonnecke ◽  
Ronald Horst ◽  
Donald Beitz
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Pokeweed Mitogen ◽  
Mononuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Ifn Gamma ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽  
1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D

Individual and combined effects of several isomers of retinoic acid (RA) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) on interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion by blood mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) from nulliparous and postparturient Holstein cattle were evaluated in vitro. In the first experiment, effects on incubation period (24 to 72 hours) and time of supplementation (0 to 32 hours) with all-trans, 9-cis, 13-cis-, and 9,13-dicis-RAs (0 to 100 nM) on IFN-gamma secretion by pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated (0 and 10 mug/ml) MNL from nulliparous cattle were evaluated. In the second experiment, MNL from postparturient cows (bled at 0, 2, 4, and 16 days postpartum) were stimulated with PWM (0 and 10 mug/ml) in the presence of RA isomers (9-cis- or 9,13-dicis-RA; 0 to 100 nM), 1,25-(OH)2D3 (0 to 100 nM), or with combinations of these metabolites. The results show that individual isomers of RA had no effect on IFN-gamma secretion by PWM-stimulated MNL from nulliparous or postparturient cows. Furthermore 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibited IFN-gamma secretion by MNL from nulliparous and postparturient dairy cows; however, the degree of inhibition was greater when 9-cis- and 9,13-dicis-RA were also present in the cultures. Finally mononuclear leukocytes from postparturient dairy cows produced substantially less IFN-gamma than did MNL from nulliparous cattle. It is concluded that retinoic acids individually did not affect the capacity of leukocytes from dairy cattle to secrete IFN-gamma. This result is in marked contrast to studies in monogastric species indicating that RAs inhibit IFN-gamma secretion by peripheral blood T cells. Inhibition of IFN-gamma secretion by 1,25-(OH)2D3 was potentiated by 9-cis- and 9,13-di-cis-retinoics acids, suggesting that an excess of dietary vitamins A and D may compromise further the naturally immunosuppressed postparturient dairy cow. Additional research is necessary to determine if the combined effects of these metabolites on IFN-gamma secretion represent an increased susceptibility of the dairy cow to infectious diseases during the periparturient period. Lower secretion of IFN-gamma by MNL from postpartutient dairy cows, relative to nulliparous cattle, suggests that recently-calved cows are naturally immunosuppressed.

State Failure and the Political Violence Phenomenon: A Comparative Analysis of Iraq and Syria Cases

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Eylem Özkaya Lassalle
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
State Failure ◽  
The Political ◽  
Collective Violence ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cold War

The concept of failed state came to the fore with the end of the Cold War, the collapse of the USSR and the disintegration of Yugoslavia. Political violence is central in these discussions on the definition of the concept or the determination of its dimensions (indicators). Specifically, the level of political violence, the type of political violence and intensity of political violence has been broached in the literature. An effective classification of political violence can lead us to a better understanding of state failure phenomenon. By using Tilly’s classification of collective violence which is based on extent of coordination among violent actors and salience of short-run damage, the role played by political violence in state failure can be understood clearly. In order to do this, two recent cases, Iraq and Syria will be examined.

DEFINITION OF TIME SPENT ON REPAIR OF BUS TRANSMISSION UNITS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT TECHNOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT RELIABILITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (9) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Sergey Bulatov
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Probabilistic Method ◽  
Technological Equipment ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Transmission Unit ◽  
Equipment Reliability ◽  
Hours Of Work ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Time Decrease

The paper purpose is the effectiveness estimation in the technological equipment use, taking into account its reliability and productivity for defective transmission units of buses. The problem consists in the determination of time to be spent on repair of bus transmission units taking into account technological equipment reliability. In the paper there is used a probabilistic method for the prediction bus transmission units, and also a method of the dynamics of averages which allow ensuring minimum of costs for units downtime during repair and equipment cost. The need for repair of transmission units (gear box) arises on an average after 650 hours, the average productivity of the bench makes 4.2 bus / hour. The bench fails on the average after 4600 hours of work, the average time of the bench makes 2 hours. In such a way the solution of the problem specified allows analyzing the necessity of time decrease for transmission unit repair to avoid long downtimes of buses in repair areas without negative impact upon high repair quality and safety during the further operation.

Immediate implantation in a patient with chronic generalized parodontitis and apical granuloma

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-149
Author(s):  
A. I. Musienko ◽  
K. I. Nesterova
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Tooth Root ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Promising Direction ◽  
Aesthetic Result ◽  
Bone Atrophy ◽  
Alveolar Tissue ◽  
High Level ◽  
Immediate Implantation

Relevance. Rehabilitation of patients with moderate to severe generalized periodontitis is a leading problem in periodontology. It was the determination of the prospects for immediate implantation in patients with chronic periodontitis, combined with the pathology of the tooth root and maxillary sinus.Materials and methods. A group of 94 people with periodontitis and chronic odontogenic rhinosinus was observed who underwent sinus surgical treatment, tooth extraction and one-stage implantation with FRP growth factor according to the author's technology.Results. The method showed high efciency on the basis of assessing the clinical, aesthetic result and restoration of bone density after surgery.Conclusions. The developed technology is a promising direction, it allows to combine a high level of sanation of alveolar tissue with the advantages of immediate implantation, prevents bone atrophy, helps reduce the duration of treatment and the number of surgical and orthopedic interventions.

Tests of jackhammers (formation of bench techniques)

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
V.S. Vanaev
Keyword(s):  
Impact Energy ◽  
Bench Tests ◽  
Measuring Complex ◽  
Energy Indicators ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Determination Of Parameters ◽  
Dynamic Indicators

Development of complex determination of parameters of jackhammers at bench tests is studied. The modern support of tests of jackhammers for the purpose of definition of their energy, vibration and noise indicators is considered. Descriptions of the SORP universal bench and UIPU measuring complex are given. Keywords jackhammer, bench, tests, processing object, energy indicators, impact energy, dynamic indicators [email protected]

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document