Variability of red clover genotypes on the basis of morphological markers

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is an important forage legume of temperate regions dominantly used as a source of animal food. The present research aimed at assessment of genetic diversity based on morphological markers, through the analyses of five morphological markers in a collection of 46 red clover genotypes. These morphological markers were screened according to the UPOV descriptor (2001) in the trial laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The traits analyzed and investigated were: time of flowering, growth habit, density of hairs, leaf color and intensity of white marks. The average value of Shannon's diversity index for five morphological markers amounted 0.711. Homogeneity analysis (HOMALS) of the same five descriptors accounted for 71.2% of the total variation of the standardized data, with the first and second axis explaining 38.4% and 32.8% of the morphological variability, respectively. Based on this analyses all red clover genotypes were grouped into seven homogeneous groups in two-dimensional space, thus providing visualization of genotypes diversity based on their morphological traits. UPGMA cluster analysis of the same morphological markers allowed the description of four groups with genetic distances represented by the simple matching coefficient of similarity ranging from 0.00 to 1.00. Observed results achieved by these two analyses were compared and although both of analyses were successful in grouping and discrimination of red clover genotypes with some similarities and differences, priority in future breeding programs was given to the HOMALS.

Download Full-text

Incidence of nodal rooting and plantlet survival in spreading red clovers

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.1996.58.2198 ◽

1996 ◽

pp. 243-246

Author(s):

M.G. Hyslop ◽

P.D. Kemp ◽

D.J. Barker ◽

J. Hodgson

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Trifolium Pratense ◽

Plant Density ◽

Block Design ◽

Red Clover ◽

Hill Country ◽

Life And Death ◽

Grazing Systems ◽

Second Year ◽

Survival Experiment

Red clover (Trifoolium pratense L.) can provide high quality summer feed but has declined in popularity owing to its poor persistency in temperate grazing systems. From 1991 to 1996 the incidence of nodal rooting of prostrate selections of red clover was quantified and the survival of the resulting plantlets was tracked over time, under grazing conditions. Three field experiments were conducted using Astred, Grasslands Pawera, F2419 and Grasslands Turoa selections of red clover. The main experiment comprised 3 harvests (plants and plantlets dug up) of 3 red clover selections, in a randomised complete block design with no grazing. The subsidiary plantlet survival experiment followed the life and death of 160 plantlets from the three selections under rotational grazing to 5 cm, over a period of 48 weeks. The numbers of plantlets produced per parent plant of each selection were 37, 16 and 5 for Astred, F2419 and Turoa, respectively (P~O.001). Astred produced significantly larger plantlets (PcO.001, mean = 130.6 g/ DM/plantlet) over 7 months than F2419 and Turoa -(means-=.31.5.and.lO~g/DM/plantlet,.r.espec~y)~ At week 48 plantlet survival ranged from 84% (Astred) to 27% (Turoa) (P~O.001). The experiment at Ballantrae consisted of oversowing 20 kg/ha of 2 clover selections (Pawera, creeping selection) into sprayed pasture in 1991. Plant density, pasture composition and herbage accumulation were measured until 1995, with all treatments continuously stocked at 16 ewes/ha. Pawera contributed only 1.1% to herbage accumulation during the second year when oversown on hill country and ~-disappeared from the sward-soon-after.XIn-averagei the creeping selection made up 3.2% of the total sward herbage accumulation from years 2 to 5. It was concluded that the spreading red clovers represented by Astred and F2419 selections have the potential to be more persistent than crown red clovers under grazing. Keywords: nodal rooting, plantlet, spreading red clover, Trifolium pratense

Download Full-text

Detection and assesment of red clover genetic sources with self-compatibility for development the varieties with high and sustainable seed productivity

Кормопроизводство ◽

10.25685/krm.2017.2017.10198 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

М.Ю. Новосёлов ◽

О.А. Старшинова ◽

Л.В. Дробышева ◽

Г.П. Зятчина

Keyword(s):

Trifolium Pratense ◽

Red Clover ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Seed Productivity ◽

Vegetative Period ◽

Average Value ◽

Self Compatibility ◽

Trifolium Pratense L

Основными лимитирующими факторами в развитии клеверосеяния являются дефицит семян и их высокая стоимость. Наши исследования были направлены на поиск, выделение и изучение самосовместимых генотипов клевера лугового (Trifolium pratense L.). Потомство образца № 3000 I1, генетического источника самосовместимости, обладало данным свойством на уровне от 18 до 100 %. Средняя величина завязываемости семян при самоопылении составила 77 %, что сопоставимо с результатом при перекрёстном опылении (93 %) и многократно превосходит показатель самосовместимости у диплоидных сортов (0,5–1 %). Все изученные формы обладали завязываемостью семян на уровне 46 % без триппинга цветков при механическом воздействии на соцветия. Цитологическое изучение пыльцы и анализирующие скрещивания с диплоидными формами показали, что данный образец имеет диплоидное состояние. Сравнение по основным морфо-биологическим признакам образца № 3000 I1 с сортами Ранний 2 и ВИК 7 показало, что он отличается более продолжительным вегетационным периодом, низкорослостью, формирует большее количество стеблей, отличается повышенной облиственностью, содержанием сухого вещества и протеина. Выявлена высокая наследуемость самосовместимости в реципрокных скрещиваниях с сортом Ранний 2. Уровень самосовместимости более 50 % в поколении F1 был достигнут у 53 % генотипов при прямых и 74 % — при обратных скрещиваниях. Таким образом, созданный исходный материал может использоваться в селекционной практике для получения гомозиготного линейного материала и создания многолинейных сортов клевера лугового с высокой и устойчивой семенной продуктивностью. The basic limiting factor in development of clover-sowing is the deficit and high cost of seeds. Our investigations were directed on search, selection and study of self-compatible genotypes of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Progeny of a genetic source with self-compatibility (№ 3000 I1) exhibited this property with the level from 18 to 100 %. The average value of seed setting was 77 % at self-pollination, which was comparable with this parameter at cross-pollination — 93 %, and exceeded in many times self-compatibility of diploid varieties — 0.5–1 %. Every investigated genotype set seeds by 46 % in the absence of tripping, by mechanical stimulation of inflorescence. Cytology study of pollen and analyzing crossings with diploid forms have shown that studied sample is diploid. The № 3000 I1 and the varieties “Ranniy 2” and “VIK 7” were compared on morphological characters and biological properties. The studied sample had longer vegetative period, abundant foliage, was stunting, formed more stems, and contained more dry matter and protein. Self-compatibility highly inherited at reciprocal crossing with diploid variety “Ranniy 2”. Among progeny F1, at the direct crossings we have selected 53 % of genotypes with 50 % rate of self-compatibility and at the backcrossing — 74 %. Thus, the studied initial material is recommended to use in red clover breeding for creation homozygous lines and multilinear varieties with high and sustainable seed productivity.

Download Full-text

Analysis of genetic diversity and structure in a genebank collection of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) using SSR markers

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1017/s1479262116000034 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 376-379 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mamta Gupta ◽

Vikas Sharma ◽

Sunil K. Singh ◽

Rakesh K. Chahota ◽

Tilak R. Sharma

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Trifolium Pratense ◽

Fragment Size ◽

Red Clover ◽

Principal Component ◽

Model Based Clustering ◽

Average Value ◽

Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽

Trifolium Pratense L ◽

High Level

AbstractGenetic diversity of a red clover global collection was assessed using 36 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers representing all seven linkage groups (LGs). The number of fragments amplified ranged from 1 to 6 for all the primers. Primer RCS0060 detected highest number of fragments, whereas four SSRs viz., RCS0899, RCS1594, TPSSR40 and RCS6927 amplified single fragment. Size range of amplicons generated by all the primers varied from 100 to 400 bp. Polymorphism information content values ranged from 0.301 to 0.719 with an average value of 0.605. LG wise diversity analysis showed that LG 3 was most diverse (I = 0.65, Ht = 0.44), whereas LG-1 showed minimum diversity (I = 0.48, Ht = 0.26) for the microsatellites used. Bayesian model-based clustering inferred three genetically distinct populations in the red clover germplasm holding and showed considerable admixture in individuals within clusters. Neighbour-joining analysis showed intermixing of accessions within groups. Principal component analysis plot complemented the clustering shown by Structure and distinguished three populations to greater extent. Analysis of molecular variance showed that 91% of the genetic variation was residing within populations, while 9% variation was among populations. Overall, the results showed that a high level of genetic diversity is prevailing in this worldwide collection of red clover, which can be exploited for its genetic improvement through breeding approaches.

Download Full-text

Selection by Lambs Grazing Plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.), Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), White Clover (Trifolium repens L.), Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) across Seasons

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10122292 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 2292

Author(s):

Sharini C. Somasiri ◽

Paul R. Kenyon ◽

Patrick C.H. Morel ◽

Stephen T. Morris ◽

Peter D. Kemp

Keyword(s):

Relative Abundance ◽

Perennial Ryegrass ◽

White Clover ◽

Trifolium Pratense ◽

Block Design ◽

Plantago Lanceolata ◽

Live Weight ◽

Red Clover ◽

Cichorium Intybus ◽

Trifolium Pratense L

Plantain (Plantago lanceolata) and chicory (Cichorium intybus) are now widely used in combination with clover species to provide greater annual lamb live weight gains than perennial ryegrass and white clover pasture. Reported selective grazing of the species in herb-clover mixes could potentially detrimentally change the relative abundance of species and decrease lamb production. Lambs were offered three herbage treatments: Pasture (perennial ryegrass and white clover) mix, plantain (plantain, red clover and white clover) mix and a chicory (chicory, plantain, red clover and white clover) mix in each of four seasons for two years. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with three replicates with 18–30 lambs per treatment replicate depending on the season. Lambs were rotationally grazed and fed ad libitum. Selection by the lambs of individually tagged plants within the pasture treatments was observed for three days on two occasions per season. Red clover was the most selected species on day 1, but by day 3 there was no difference in the selection of the species (p < 0.05). Plantain and chicory in the plantain and chicory mixes were selected less on day 1 in autumn relative to the other seasons (p < 0.05). It was concluded that three days of grazing before moving lambs maintained the relative abundance of species in the herb-clover mixes.

Download Full-text

Genetic Diversity, Population Structure, and Formation of a Core Collection of 1197 Citrullus Accessions

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.51.1.23 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 23-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Haiying Zhang ◽

Jianguang Fan ◽

Shaogui Guo ◽

Yi Ren ◽

Guoyi Gong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Population Structure ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Gene Diversity ◽

Association Studies ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Genetic Variations ◽

Average Value ◽

Core Set

Watermelon belongs to the genus Citrullus. There have been continuing interests in breeding of watermelon for economic benefits, but information on the scope and utilization of genetic variations in Citrullus is still limited. The present study was conducted in 2012–13, to evaluate the genetic diversity and population structure of the 1197 line watermelon collection maintained by the Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), which belongs to seven Citrullus species including Citrullus naudinianus, Citrullus colocynthis, Citrullus rehmii, Citrullus ecirrhosus, Citrullus amarus, Citrullus mucosospermus, and Cirullus lanatus subsp. vulgaris. Twenty-three highly informative microsatellite markers evenly distributed in the watermelon genome were used to assess genetic diversity in this collection. The markers detected on an average of 6.05 alleles per locus with the average value of polymorphism information content (PIC) at 0.49. A high level of gene diversity [Nei’s gene diversity index (Nei) = 0.56] and a low observed heterozygosity (Ho = 0.10) were revealed within the collection. Structure analysis grouped the 1197 accessions into two main populations (Pop I and Pop II) and an admixture group. Pop I contained 450 accessions from C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris (446) and C. mucosospermus (4). Pop II comprised 465 accessions, 379 of which belonged to C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris and 86 to C. naudinianus (3), C. ecirrhosus (2), C. rehmii (2), C. colocynthis (11), C. amarus (58), and C. mucosospermus (10). The remaining 282 accessions were classified as an admixture group. The two main populations were further subdivided into four subgroups. The groupings were consistent with the estimation of F statistics (Fst) and Nei’s genetic distances in collections. We confirmed the distinct genetic backgrounds between American and East Asian ecotypes. Subsequently, we defined a core set consisting of 130 accessions including 47 from Pop I, 68 from Pop II, and 15 from the Admixture group. This core set was able to capture all 133 alleles detected by 23 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in 1197 accessions. These results will facilitate efficient use of genetic variations in Citrullus in watermelon breeding and help optimization of accessions in genomewide association studies.

Download Full-text

Analysis of genetic diversity in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) breeding populations as revealed by RAPD genetic markers

Genome ◽

10.1139/g03-030 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 529-535 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Odeth Ulloa ◽

Fernando Ortega ◽

Hugo Campos

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Markers ◽

Trifolium Pratense ◽

Gene Diversity ◽

Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽

Red Clover ◽

Population Level ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Polymorphic Loci ◽

Breeding Populations

Red clover is an important forage legume species for temperate regions and very little is known about the genetic organization of its breeding populations. We used random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) genetic markers to address the genetic diversity and the distribution of variation in 20 breeding populations and cultivars from Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, and Switzerland. Genetic distances were calculated for all possible pairwise combinations. A high level of polymorphism was found and the proportion of polymorphic loci across populations was 74.2%. A population derived from a non-certified seedlot displayed a higher proportion of polymorphic loci than its respective certified seedlot. Gene diversity values and population genetics parameters suggest that the populations analyzed are diverse. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that the largest proportion of variation (80.4%) resides at the within population level. RAPD markers are a useful tool for red clover breeding programs. A dendrogram based on genetic distances divided the breeding populations analyzed into three distinct groups. The amount and partition of diversity observed can be of value in identifying the populations that parents of synthetic cultivars are derived from and to exploit the variation available in the populations analyzed.Key words: red clover, AMOVA, plant breeding.

Download Full-text

Enetic diversity in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) using SSR markers

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr1403949a ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 949-961 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ramadan Ahsyee ◽

S Sanjavasiljevic ◽

Irena Calic ◽

Miroslav Zoric ◽

Djura Karagic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trifolium Pratense ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

Red Clover ◽

Principal Coordinates Analysis ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Average Value ◽

Molecular Genetic Diversity ◽

Principal Coordinates ◽

Trifolium Pratense L ◽

Efficient Breeding

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is one of the main forage species from temperate regions and it's originated in Eurasia where wild-type populations are found in the Caucasus Mountains. Considerable variation for this crop has been recorded for few molecular variations. The identification and understanding of molecular genetic diversity in red clover accessions will help in effective genetic conservation along with efficient breeding programs in this crop. This study has shown molecular diversity using microsatellite markers in red clover accessions from around of the world. In this investigation, 40 genotypes have been selected and analyzed using 15 SSR primers. These primer pairs amplified 1146 polymorphic loci among the genotypes screened. The number of fragments amplified by each SSR primer combination varied from 24 for RCS3681 to 109 for RCS1729 with an average value of 80.78 per primer combination. The SSR marker data was further analyzed using cluster algorithms and Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA). The results indicated that the considerable genetic variations were discovered among the analyzed genotypes. The SSR based clustering could identify the putative pedigree types of the present red clover types of diverse origins.

Download Full-text

Annual and seasonal changes in production and composition of grazed clover-grass mixtures in organic farming

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.2137/1239099042643071 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 309 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

E. KUUSELA

Keyword(s):

Organic Farming ◽

White Clover ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Trifolium Pratense ◽

Block Design ◽

Red Clover ◽

Grazing Period ◽

Seed Mixture ◽

Eastern Finland ◽

Seed Mixtures

A grazed field experiment based on a randomised block design was conducted in Eastern Finland to evaluate the potential of alsike clover (Trifoliun hybridum L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) to support herbage production from clover-grass mixtures under organic farming practices. The effect of seed mixture (alsike clover, red clover, white clover, white and alsike clover or grass mixture), year (1996, 1997 and 1998) and grazing period (5 per grazing season) on pre- and post-grazing herbage mass (HM), botanical and chemical composition of pregrazing HM and post-grazing sward height was assessed. The nutritive value of herbage for milk production was also considered. Seed mixtures resulted in different pre-grazing HM and post-grazing sward heights, but similar pre- minus post-grazing HM. Compared with other mixtures, the proportion of clover was higher for white clover based mixtures. The white clover mixture had the highest crude protein content and lowest concentrations of cellulose and hemicellulose. In addition to seed mixture, the effect of year and grazing period on measured parameters was significant, highlighting the importance of grazing management. Moderate pasture herbage production of relative high nutritive value was achieved under organic practices, but the supply and nutritive value of herbage was variable and, in some cases, unable to meet the requirements of lactating dairy cows. The proportion of clover in all seed mixtures decreased year on year, and was subject to seasonal variations that altered the nutritional value of herbage. White clover was the most suitable perennial clover for pastures in Eastern Finland.;

Download Full-text