scholarly journals The structure of stands from different subassociations of a monodominant sessile oak forest (Quercetum petraeae Cer. et Jov. 1953.) in the area of northeastern Serbia before and after regeneration

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-36
Author(s):  
Martin Bobinac ◽  
Sinisa Andrasev ◽  
Nenad Radakovic ◽  
Nikola Susic ◽  
Andrijana Bauer-Zivkovic
Keyword(s):  
Oak Forest ◽  
Crown Condition ◽  
Sessile Oak ◽  
Regeneration Stage ◽  
Tree Layer ◽  
Mass Occurrence ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Stem Quality ◽  
Seed Origin ◽  
Mature Stands

This paper presents the structure of well-preserved, mature stands of seed origin and young stands that followed either after planned regeneration or spontaneously in the understory reinitiation stage, in monodominant sessile oak forests (Quercetum petraeae Cer. et Jov. 1953.) from two subassociations, tilietosum and typicum, in the territory of ?Djerdap? National Park. The presentation of mature stands is based on the data collected from experimental plots in 1992, in the period characterized by the mass occurrence of sessile oak decline in this area, and across Europe. The stands were around 150 years old in 1992, and consisted only of sessile oak in the tree layer. The canopy closure of the stands was 0.7-0.8, with a large standing volume. There were no major differences between the stands regarding social classes, stem quality, crown development and crown condition. The presentation of young stands is based on the data collected in 2017 from a permanent experimental plot, as well as on the data from other authors. The structure of young stands indicates that different silvicultural measures need to be planned during the regeneration stage for different subassociations of the monodominant sessile oak forest in order to reach sufficient natural regeneration of sessile oak.

Penetration of weeds into the herbaceous understorey and soil seed bank of a Turkey oak-sessile oak forest in Hungary

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Koncz ◽  
P. Török ◽  
M. Papp ◽  
G. Matus ◽  
B. Tóthmérész
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Sessile Oak ◽  
Turkey Oak

scholarly journals Phytocenological and edaphic characteristics of sessile oak forests on Miroc Mt in northeastern Serbia

2013 ◽  
pp. 27-55
Author(s):  
Rade Cvjeticanin ◽  
Olivera Kosanin ◽  
Milun Krstic ◽  
Marko Perovic ◽  
Marijana Novakovic-Vukovic
Keyword(s):  
Beech Forest ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Sessile Oak ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Natural Stands

This research was carried out in natural stands of sessile oak (Quercus petraea agg. Ehrendorfer 1967) on Miroc mountain. Three comunities were investigated: Pure sessile oak forest (Quercetum montanum Cer. et Jov. 1953. s.l.), sessile oak-common hornbeam forest (Querco-Carpinetum moesiacum Rud. 1949. s.l.) and sessile oak-balkan beech forest (Querco-Fagetum Glis. 1971). Pure sessile oak forests are found on the following soils: dystric ranker and acid cambic soil on sandstone, dystric ranker and acid cambisols on phyllite, and acid cambic soil on schists. Sessile oak-hornbeam forests grow on sandstone, granite and schists. Sessile oak-beech forests are found on acid cambisol on phyllite and sandstone conglomerate. Various ecological conditions (exposition, slope, altitude, soil types and bedrock) on Mt Miroc caused the occurence of diverse sessile oak forest communities, while different states of these forest stands resulted from the implementation of management measures.

scholarly journals Unveiling the conservation status of the sessile oak forest for their protection and management in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e70549
Author(s):  
Jordi Bou ◽  
Lluís Vilar
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Current Conservation ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Sessile Oak ◽  
Characteristic Species

The sessile oak forests found on the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula are ascribed to the Lathyro-Quercetumpetraeae association and play a key role in understanding the ecology of this habitat, as this region represents its xeric limit. For this reason, we analysed the biodiversity patterns and current conservation status of the sessile oak forests in the region. To do so, we collected Braun-Blanquet inventories of 34 plots randomly distributed throughout the sessile oak forests. The results showed a relationship between the climatic conditions and the biodiversity variables. While the richness of the community increased with decreasing temperatures, the characteristic species found within the community decreased at these same temperatures. This result was due to the presence of most companion species in the cool zones at high elevations.Sessile oaks are found close to other communities, such as silver birches and Scot pine forests.On the other hand, in the warm areas at low elevations, the sessile oak community was more established, with plants typical of this type of forest. These slightly warmer zones with sessile oaks are very important in terms of conservation and more vulnerable to climate change and the thermophilization of the community, as has been studied. As such, protecting and managing these forests is key to conserving this community. Nevertheless, as current protection measures do not safeguard most of these forests, it is essential to define a conservation strategy to preserve them. Using the conservation status, we have established criteria to improve the conservation strategy for sessile oak forest on the NE Iberian Peninsula.

scholarly journals Sessile oak forest plant community changes on the NE Iberian Peninsula over recent decades

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 894-906
Author(s):  
Jordi Bou ◽  
Lluís Vilar
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Sessile Oak ◽  
Ne Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Coastal Range

AbstractAimsOur aims were 3-fold: (i) to determine whether global change has altered the composition and structure of the plant community found in the sessile oak forests on the NE Iberian Peninsula over the last decades, (ii) to establish whether the decline in forest exploitation activities that has taken place since the mid-20th century has had any effect on the forests and (iii) to ascertain whether there is any evidence of impact from climate warming.MethodsWe assess changes in the plant community by comparing a current survey of sessile oak forest with a historical data set obtained from previous regional studies dating from 1962 to 1977. We analyse the regional changes in the community in terms of biodiversity variables, species composition and plant traits. Furthermore, plants traits such as plant life forms and chorological groups are used to discern any effects from land-use changes and climate warming on the plant community.Important FindingsThere has been a loss of diversity in the community and, in the hottest region, there is also a loss of species richness. The composition of the community suggests that, although significant changes have taken place over recent decades, these changes differ between regions as a result of the low impact global change has had in the western regions. For instance, while the tree canopy cover in the western sessile oak forests remains stable, the eastern sessile oak forests are still recovering from the former exploitation that led to a loss of their rich and abundant herbaceous stratum. In fact, the recovery process in the Catalan Pre-Coastal Range has constituted an increase in the Euro-Siberian plants typical to this community. Moreover, in the eastern forests, there is evidence that climate warming has impacted the thermophilization of the sessile oak forests found on the Coastal Range.

Foliar traits of sessile oak (Quercus petraea Liebl) seedlings are largely determined by site properties rather than seed origin

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 1648-1667
Author(s):  
Leila Arab ◽  
Stefan Seegmueller ◽  
Michael Dannenmann ◽  
Monika Eiblmeier ◽  
Ghada Albasher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
First Year ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Humid Forest ◽  
Sessile Oak ◽  
Seed Origin ◽  
Foliar Traits ◽  
Oak Seedlings

Abstract Due to climate change, sessile oak (Quercus petraea) seedlings experience an increasing risk of drought during regeneration of forest stands by management practices. The present study was aimed at elucidating the potential of sessile oak seedlings originating from sites with different aridity and nitrogen (N) supply to acclimate to contrasting water availability. For this purpose, a free-air cross-exchange experiment was conducted between a dry and a humid forest stand with high and low soil N contents, respectively, during two consecutive years differing in aridity before harvest. Almost all structural and physiological foliar traits analyzed did not differ consistently between seed origins during both years, when cultivated at the same site. As an exception, the arid provenance upregulated foliar ascorbate contents under drought, whereas the humid provenance accumulated the phenolic antioxidants vescalagin and castalagin (VC) under favorable weather conditions and consumed VC upon drought. Apparently, differences in long-term aridity at the forest sites resulted in only few genetically fixed differences in foliar traits between the provenances. However, structural and physiological traits strongly responded to soil N contents and weather conditions before harvest. Foliar N contents and their partitioning were mostly determined by the differences in soil N availability at the sites, but still were modulated by weather conditions before harvest. In the first year, differences in aridity before harvest resulted in differences between most foliar traits. In the second year, when weather conditions at both sites were considerably similar and more arid compared to the first year, differences in foliar traits were almost negligible. This pattern was observed irrespective of seed origin. These results support the view that leaves of sessile oak seedlings generally possess a high plasticity to cope with extreme differences in aridity by immediate acclimation responses that are even better developed in plants of arid origin.

scholarly journals Symptoms of the naturalisation of the Turkey oak (Quercus cerris L.) in Polish forests

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Władysław Danielewicz ◽  
Piotr Kiciński ◽  
Blanka Wiatrowska
Keyword(s):  
Young Generation ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Tree Layer ◽  
Broad Leaf ◽  
Turkey Oak ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
Quercus Cerris ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Mature Stands ◽  
Second World

Abstract The Turkey oak (Quercus cerris L.), the natural range of which embraces southern Europe and Asia Minor, belongs to trees rarely introduced into Polish forests. Tree stands where it appears, established before the Second World War, can be found in some 20 localities, mostly in the western part of the country. Because this species is capable of a natural renewal in a woodland environment, a research was made to find in what conditions and how far it undergoes spontaneous naturalisation. Three study sites were chosen in the forests of central Wielkopolska. An inventory was made of mature stands of the Turkey oak and its generative renewal. Plant communities in which the young generation of Q. cerris usually appears were characterised. It was found that self-sown seedlings of this species grew at a distance of up to 2,500 m from parent trees. The highest number and the greatest density of specimens of the secondary generation of the Turkey oak were found at ‘Racot’, which is a 100-hectare, mid-field woodland island where mesotrophic habitats predominate and where about 50% of the area is occupied by communities with manmade pine tree stands. At all sites, Q. cerris penetrates primarily this type of deformed phytocoenoses, developing mostly on former farmland. It has become a permanent component of the underbrush and undergrowth in them, and in some places, it also makes up the tree layer. It was observed that in the study area, it penetrated the woodland environment much more effectively than Quercus rubra, considered an invasive species. The expansion of the Turkey oak in several of the examined localities can be regarded as a basic manifestation of its naturalisation in places where there are phytocoenoses with pine stands in broad-leaf forest habitats in the neighbourhood of parent trees.

Winter injury to subalpine red spruce: influence of prior vigor and effects on subsequent growth

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 888-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Peart ◽  
Nathan J. Poage ◽  
Matthew B. Jones
Keyword(s):  
New Hampshire ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Crown Condition ◽  
Severity Of Injury ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Injury Event ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Weak Tendency

We assessed the relationship between prior vigor and severity of winter injury to trees and saplings of red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.) at Mount Moosilauke, New Hampshire. Severity of injury was quantified as percent foliar damage on current-year needles after severe injury in the winter of 1988–1989. There was no relationship between severity of injury and prior crown condition. There was only a weak tendency for trees with high live crown ratios to be less damaged than trees with proportionally smaller crowns. Severity of winter injury was not correlated with prior growth rates in the 1-, 2-, or 5-year periods preceding injury, for either trees (radial growth) or saplings (extension growth). However, crown condition of trees and saplings deteriorated significantly following injury. For both trees and saplings, prior growth and subsequent growth were positively correlated for the 1- and 2-year periods before and after the winter injury event. Effects of winter injury on growth in 1989 and 1990 were analyzed using growth ratios (subsequent growth relative to prior growth) to avoid ambiguity resulting from individual differences in growth rates. Severity of winter injury had no effect on growth ratios in the 1- or 2-year periods following winter injury. Although no effects on growth were detected following a single winter injury event, it remains plausible that successive, severe episodes of winter injury could reduce growth and increase mortality risk in red spruce.

scholarly journals THE LONGEVITY OF OAK TREES AND OAK FOREST

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Царалунга ◽  
Vladimir Tsaralunga ◽  
Царалунга ◽  
Anna Tsaralunga
Keyword(s):  
Weighted Average ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Seed Origin ◽  
Average Condition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Individual Trees

Practically nothing from scientific research is dedicated to definition of the maximum age of individual trees of oak and oak stands in conditions of the Central forest-steppe , although it is crucial to know these parameters for selecting genetic reserves, design of protected areas and natural monuments. The analysis of literary sources shows that individual trees of English oak, under certain conditions, can live up to 1500-2000 years old, and plantations - up to 500 years. Stelmuze Oak and Oak of Mamre, oak of Vardan Mamikomyan and Zaporozhian oak on Khortytsya Island are cited as example of such old-growth oaks, which crossed the millennial threshold. However, authors did not find such examples in the Voronezh, Kursk and Belgorod regions. On the example of survey of 38 old-growth oak trees and several oak stands, the authors show that the age limit for individual oak trees in the Central forest-steppe is 350-400 years, and for arrays of the oak forest stand - 250-300 years. And this applies not only to plantings of seed origin in rich forest conditions. Most of the examined old-growth oak trees (71 %) are in severely weakened or decaying condition. And if to consider only trees whose age is about 350 years or more, they all (100 %) belong to the category of drying. Old-growth oak plantings are not in better condition. Their weighted average condition category is 3.07±0.13, which is defined as a strong degree of weakness. This suggests that the surveyed old-growth trees of oak and old growth oak forest stands are located in the extreme age, and require special attention. There is an urgent need to conduct an objective inventory of not only all individual old-growth oak trees, but especially those areas in which they are placed, to give them a status that will allow them to survive.

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