scholarly journals Influence of air pollution on pregnant women’s health and pregnancy outcomes

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 279-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Stankovic ◽  
Vladimir Mitrovic ◽  
Radomir Zivadinovic
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Passive Smoking ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Upper Respiratory Symptoms

Summary Outdoor and indoor air pollution pollutants can be a potential cause to a lot of negative effects on the health of pregnant women and outcome of pregnancy. The objective of this paper was to estimate the influence of outdoor and indoor air pollution on the health of pregnant women and outcome of pregnancy. Material and Methods The study subjects were the pregnant women, non-smokers, who were not professionally exposed to air pollution. They were divided into the exposed group (n=189) and control group (n=178) during the exposure to outdoor air pollution. The data on exposure to sources of indoor air pollution (smoke produced by burning fossil fuels and passive smoking) during pregnancy were obtained from the questionnaire. Data on health condition and outcome of pregnancy were obtained from medical records of tested pregnant women. Results. The research results have shown that the frequency of anemia (OR=6.76; 95% CI=1.28-7.72), upper respiratory symptoms (OR=9.53; 95% CI=1.32-3.8) and bleeding (OR=20.5; 95% CI=2.03-6.97) was significantly higher in pregnant women exposed to outdoor air pollution as compared with the control group. The occurrence of upper respiratory symptoms (OR=40.42; 95% CI=2.96-8.91) and bleeding (OR=53.21; 95% CI=4.3-15.73) was significantly higher in pregnant women who had been exposed to fossil fuel smoke. Exposure to passive smoking had significant influence on the development of upper respiratory symptoms (OR=34.58; 95% CI=3.05-11.66).

scholarly journals Influence of air pollution on birth weight

2011 ◽  
Vol 139 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 651-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Stankovic ◽  
Vladimir Mitrovic ◽  
Radomir Zivadinovic
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Passive Smoking ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Outdoor Air

Introduction. Epidemiological studies point out that exposure to air pollution during pregnancy is a risk for low birth weight. Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of outdoor and indoor air pollution on the occurrence of low birth weight. Methods. The measurement of outdoor air pollutants, sulphur dioxide and black smoke was carried out daily at the Institute for Public Healthcare of Nis at two measuring locations, in Nis and Niska Banja during 2003. Subjects were 367 pregnant women, nonsmokers and who were not profesionally exposed to air pollution. Data on exposure to source of indoor air pollution (passive smoking and mode of heating) was determined on the basis of a questionnaire. Data on the characteristics of newborns were taken from the register of Obstetrics and Gyanecology Clinic of Nis. Results. We determined that exposure of pregnant women to outdoor air pollution and wood heating systems had influence on the occurence of low birth weight. Exposure to passive smoking had no influence on neonatal low birth weight. Conclusion. Exposure of pregnant women to outdoor and indoor air pollutants can have negative influence on the occurrence of low birth weight.

scholarly journals Is Indoor Air Pollution From Different Fuel Types Associated With the Anemia Status of Pregnant Women in Ethiopia?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 215013272110343
Author(s):  
Sewitemariam Desalegn Andarge ◽  
Abriham Sheferaw Areba ◽  
Robel Hussen Kabthymer ◽  
Miheret Tesfu Legesse ◽  
Girum Gebremeskel Kanno
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Background Indoor air pollution from different fuel types has been linked with different adverse pregnancy outcomes. The study aimed to assess the link between indoor air pollution from different fuel types and anemia during pregnancy in Ethiopia. Method We have used the secondary data from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data. The anemia status of the pregnant women was the dichotomous outcome variable and the type of fuel used in the house was classified as high, medium, and low polluting fuels. Logistic regression was employed to determine the association between the exposure and outcome variables. Adjusted Odds Ratio was calculated at 95% Confidence Interval. Result The proportion of anemia in the low, medium, and high polluting fuel type users was 13.6%, 46%, 40.9% respectively. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, the use of either kerosene or charcoal fuel types (AOR 4.6; 95% CI: 1.41-18.35) and being in the third trimester (AOR 1.72; 95% CI: 1.12-2.64) were significant factors associated with the anemia status of the pregnant women in Ethiopia. Conclusion According to our findings, the application of either kerosene or charcoal was associated with the anemia status during pregnancy in Ethiopia. An urgent intervention is needed to reduce the indoor air pollution that is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as anemia.

scholarly journals Maternal Exposure to Indoor Air Pollution and Birth Outcomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Franklin ◽  
Mark Tan ◽  
Naomi Hemy ◽  
Graham L. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Birth Records

There is a growing body of research on the association between ambient air pollution and adverse birth outcomes. However, people in high income countries spend most of their time indoors. Pregnant women spend much of that time at home. The aim of this study was to investigate if indoor air pollutants were associated with poor birth outcomes. Pregnant women were recruited prior to 18 weeks gestation. They completed a housing questionnaire and household chemical use survey. Indoor pollutants, formaldehyde (HCHO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), were monitored in the women’s homes at 34 weeks gestation. Gestational age (GA), birth weight (BW) and length (BL) and head circumference (HC) were collected from birth records. The associations between measured pollutants, and pollution surrogates, were analysed using general linear models, controlling for maternal age, parity, maternal health, and season of birth. Only HCHO was associated with any of the birth outcomes. There was a 0.044 decrease in BW z-score (p = 0.033) and 0.05 decrease in HC z-score (p = 0.06) for each unit increase in HCHO. Although HCHO concentrations were very low, this finding is consistent with other studies of formaldehyde and poor birth outcomes.

scholarly journals PASSIVE SMOKING

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 354-356
Author(s):  
SHAH NAWAZ HASSAN GARDEZI
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Passive Smoking ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Side Stream

Definition: Breathing other people’s smoke is calledpassive, involuntary or second hand smoking.Types:- Side stream – from burning tip of the cigaretteMaintenance – inhaled and exhaled by smoker.Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is a major sourceof indoor air pollution.

scholarly journals Secondary indoor air pollution and passive smoking associated with cannabis smoking using electric cigarette device–demonstrative in silico study

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. e1009004
Author(s):  
Kazuki Kuga ◽  
Kazuhide Ito ◽  
Wenhao Chen ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
Jeff Fowles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Passive Smoking ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Dermal Exposure ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Cannabis User ◽  
Worst Case

With electronic (e)-liquids containing cannabis components easily available, many anecdotal examples of cannabis vaping using electronic cigarette devices have been reported. For electronic cigarette cannabis vaping, there are potential risks of secondary indoor air pollution from vapers. However, quantitative and accurate prediction of the inhalation and dermal exposure of a passive smoker in the same room is difficult to achieve due to the ethical constraints on subject experiments. The numerical method, i.e., in silico method, is a powerful tool to complement these experiments with real humans. In this study, we adopted a computer-simulated person that has been validated from multiple perspectives for prediction accuracy. We then conducted an in silico study to elucidate secondary indoor air pollution and passive smoking associated with cannabis vaping using an electronic cigarette device in an indoor environment. The aerosols exhaled by a cannabis vaper were confirmed to be a secondary emission source in an indoor environment; non-smokers were exposed to these aerosols via respiratory and dermal pathways. Tetrahydrocannabinol was used as a model chemical compound for the exposure study. Its uptake by the non-smoker through inhalation and dermal exposure under a worst-case scenario was estimated to be 5.9% and 2.6% of the exhaled quantity from an e-cigarette cannabis user, respectively.

Environmental protection

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Smedley ◽  
Finlay Dick ◽  
Steven Sadhra
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Food Contamination ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Outdoor Air Pollution ◽  
Farming Communities

Environmental medicine 710Health Protection Agency 712Outdoor air pollution 714Indoor air pollution 716Water pollution 718Soil pollution 720Food contamination 722• Environmental exposures, while sharing many attributes with occupational exposures, are often more subtle. They are generally of much lesser degree (e.g. pesticide exposure in farming communities, outdoor air pollution) and the effects are not so easily attributable to the exposure...

Does Reduced Indoor Air Pollution Exposure have Similar Impact on Upper and Lower Respiratory Symptoms?

Epidemiology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (Suppl) ◽  
pp. S114-S115
Author(s):  
N Bruce ◽  
D Pope ◽  
E Diaz ◽  
M Dherani ◽  
A Diaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Air Pollution Exposure ◽  
Pollution Exposure

scholarly journals Indoor Air Pollution from Residential Stoves: Examining the Flooding of Particulate Matter into Homes during Real-World Use

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1326
Author(s):  
Rohit Chakraborty ◽  
James Heydon ◽  
Martin Mayfield ◽  
Lyudmila Mihaylova
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Real World ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Primary Mechanism ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Risk Of Exposure

This study concerns the levels of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM1) released by residential stoves inside the home during ‘real world’ use. Focusing on stoves that were certified by the UK’s Department of Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), PM sensors were placed in the vicinity of 20 different stoves over four weeks, recording 260 uses. The participants completed a research diary in order to provide information on time lit, amount and type of fuel used, and duration of use, among other details. Multivariate statistical tools were used in order to analyse indoor PM concentrations, averages, intensities, and their relationship to aspects of stove management. The study has four core findings. First, the daily average indoor PM concentrations when a stove was used were higher for PM2.5 by 196.23% and PM1 by 227.80% than those of the non-use control group. Second, hourly peak averages are higher for PM2.5 by 123.91% and for PM1 by 133.09% than daily averages, showing that PM is ‘flooding’ into indoor areas through normal use. Third, the peaks that are derived from these ’flooding’ incidents are associated with the number of fuel pieces used and length of the burn period. This points to the opening of the stove door as a primary mechanism for introducing PM into the home. Finally, it demonstrates that the indoor air pollution being witnessed is not originating from outside the home. Taken together, the study demonstrates that people inside homes with a residential stove are at risk of exposure to high intensities of PM2.5 and PM1 within a short period of time through normal use. It is recommended that this risk be reflected in the testing and regulation of residential stoves.

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