scholarly journals Indoor Air Pollution from Residential Stoves: Examining the Flooding of Particulate Matter into Homes during Real-World Use

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1326
Author(s):  
Rohit Chakraborty ◽  
James Heydon ◽  
Martin Mayfield ◽  
Lyudmila Mihaylova
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Real World ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Primary Mechanism ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Risk Of Exposure

This study concerns the levels of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM1) released by residential stoves inside the home during ‘real world’ use. Focusing on stoves that were certified by the UK’s Department of Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), PM sensors were placed in the vicinity of 20 different stoves over four weeks, recording 260 uses. The participants completed a research diary in order to provide information on time lit, amount and type of fuel used, and duration of use, among other details. Multivariate statistical tools were used in order to analyse indoor PM concentrations, averages, intensities, and their relationship to aspects of stove management. The study has four core findings. First, the daily average indoor PM concentrations when a stove was used were higher for PM2.5 by 196.23% and PM1 by 227.80% than those of the non-use control group. Second, hourly peak averages are higher for PM2.5 by 123.91% and for PM1 by 133.09% than daily averages, showing that PM is ‘flooding’ into indoor areas through normal use. Third, the peaks that are derived from these ’flooding’ incidents are associated with the number of fuel pieces used and length of the burn period. This points to the opening of the stove door as a primary mechanism for introducing PM into the home. Finally, it demonstrates that the indoor air pollution being witnessed is not originating from outside the home. Taken together, the study demonstrates that people inside homes with a residential stove are at risk of exposure to high intensities of PM2.5 and PM1 within a short period of time through normal use. It is recommended that this risk be reflected in the testing and regulation of residential stoves.

scholarly journals Indoor air pollution and tobacco smoke exposure: impact on nasopharyngeal bacterial carriage in mothers and infants in an African birth cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 00052-2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneesa Vanker ◽  
Polite M. Nduru ◽  
Whitney Barnett ◽  
Felix S. Dube ◽  
Peter D. Sly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carriage ◽  
The Impact

Indoor air pollution (IAP) or environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure may influence nasopharyngeal carriage of bacterial species and development of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). The aim of this study was to longitudinally investigate the impact of antenatal or postnatal IAP/ETS exposure on nasopharyngeal bacteria in mothers and infants.A South African cohort study followed mother–infant pairs from birth through the first year. Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken at birth, 6 and 12 months for bacterial culture. Multivariable and multivariate Poisson regression investigated associations between nasopharyngeal bacterial species and IAP/ETS. IAP exposures (particulate matter, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, volatile organic compounds) were measured at home visits. ETS exposure was measured through maternal and infant urine cotinine. Infants received the 13-valent pneumococcal andHaemophilus influenzaeB conjugate vaccines.There were 881 maternal and 2605 infant nasopharyngeal swabs. Antenatal ETS exposure was associated withStreptococcus pneumoniaecarriage in mothers (adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 1.73 (95% CI 1.03–2.92)) while postnatal ETS exposure was associated with carriage in infants (aRR 1.14 (95% CI 1.00–1.30)) Postnatal particulate matter exposure was associated with the nasopharyngeal carriage ofH. influenzae(aRR 1.68 (95% CI 1.10– 2.57)) orMoraxella catarrhalis(aRR 1.42 (95% CI 1.03–1.97)) in infants.Early-life environmental exposures are associated with an increased prevalence of specific nasopharyngeal bacteria during infancy, which may predispose to LRTI.

scholarly journals The Analysis of Indoor Air Pollutants From Finishing Material of New Apartments at Business Bay, Dubai

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuloh Jung ◽  
Nahla Al Qassimi ◽  
Mohammad Arar ◽  
Jihad Awad
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Small Chamber ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Status ◽  
Indoor Air Pollutants

Due to fast economic development, Dubai has built many high-rise apartments in a short period of time. The Dubai Municipality attempts to control indoor air quality with strict regulations, but the detailed provisions are still not comprehensive. The objective of this paper is to conduct on-site measurements for new high-rise apartments before moving on to investigate indoor air pollution and to analyze pollutant emissions by type of finishing material. As a methodology, on-site measurements were conducted fornine different housing units (three lower, three middle, and three higher floors) before moving on to investigate the status of indoor air pollution in new apartments. Based on the on-site measurements data, lab experiments with a small chamber for the same finishing materials from the most polluted housing unit (a lower two bedroom unit) were conducted to measure the emission of pollutants over 30 days. The result shows that the average of CH2O (64.4 μg/m3 for studio, 64.5 μg/m3 for one bedroom, and 83.4 μg/m3 for two bedroom) was lower than the standard (100 μg/m3) in all units, while the average TVOC (520.1 μg/m3 in the studio, 509.5 μg/m3 in one bedroom, and 754.7 μg/m3 in two bedroom) exceeded the standard (500 μg/m3) in most of the units. It was proven that regarding the CH2O, silk wallpaper, initial wallpaper, and wallpaper adhesive had the highest emissions and for the TVOC, tile and tile adhesive had the highest emission. During small chamber experiments, CH2O and TVOC emissions tended to decrease gradually over time, but the emission amount changed significantly in high pollutant emission material especially from day 1–10. Therefore, Dubai municipality should establish the regulation for residents to move into their new apartment after at least 10 days to avoid the high polluted emission from the curing process of the interior finishing material.

scholarly journals Ambient and Indoor Air Pollution in Pregnancy and the risk of Low birth weight and Ensuing Effects in Infants (APPLE): A cohort study in Bangalore, South India

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Prafulla Shriyan ◽  
Giridhara R Babu ◽  
Deepa Ravi ◽  
Yamuna Ana ◽  
Onno CP van Schayck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Exposure to air pollution (IAP) from the combustion of solid fuels is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Pregnant women exposed to higher pollutant levels are at higher risk of delivering a low-birth-weight (LBW) baby. There is a lack of standardized data regarding the levels and types of specific pollutants and how they impact LBW. We aim to prospectively assess the association between ambient and indoor air pollution levels in pregnancy and low birth weight and understand the subsequent risk of adiposity in these infants. Methods: We will conduct a prospective cohort study of 516 pregnant women recruited before 18 weeks of gestation in the urban slums of Bangalore, who have voluntarily consented to participate. We will estimate the level of air pollutants including coarse particulate matter 10 ug/m3 (PM10 ), fine particulate matter 2.5 ug/m3(PM2.5) and carbon monoxide (CO) parts per million (ppm) levels in both indoor and ambient environment. The follow-up of the delivered children will be done at delivery until the infant is two years old. The association between pollutants and LBW will be evaluated using logistic regression adjusting for potential confounders.Further, we will explore the mediation role of LBW in the hypothesized causal chain of air pollution and adiposity. Nested within a larger Maternal Antecedents of Adiposity and Studying the Transgenerational role of Hyperglycemia and Insulin (MAASTHI) cohort, we can estimate the absolute risk of having low birth weight caused by air pollution and other variables. Discussion: Understanding the association between exposures to ambient and indoor air pollution and low birth weight is essential in India. LBW babies have a higher risk of developing obesity and Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) during adulthood. The results from this study can inform the efforts for controlling the air pollution-related chronic diseases in India.

scholarly journals The Correlation Between Indoor Air Pollution with the Incident of Toddler’s Pneumonia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 392
Author(s):  
Ni Nyoman Dayu Mahalastri
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Cigarette Smoke Exposure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Residential Density

ABSTRACTPneumonia is a serious health problem in the world, including in Indonesia. Based on the results of Riskesdas 2007, pneumonia was the second ranking cause of death in the proportion of children aged 1–4 years and is under the diarrhea which ranks first. Environmental factors or conditions of the house, especially the air quality in the house is said to be one of the factors that can trigger pneumonia in infants. This study was conducted to determine the correlation of indoor air quality factors with the incidence of toddler’s pneumonia. Type of this study is observational analytic and use case control design. The population of case group was all toddlers who become visitors Mojo Health Center in January 2014 until March 2014 and was diagnosed with pneumonia. While population of control group was all toddlers who become visitors Mojo Health Center in January 2014 until March 2014 and was diagnosed with diseases other than pneumonia. The number of respondents in this study were 60 respondents. The selection of the sample with simple random sampling method. The variables studied were cigarette smoke exposure in the house, size of ventilation and residential density. The results of the analysis using Epi Info StatCalc indicate that exposure to cigarette smoke in the house (OR = 4.00), size of ventilation (OR = 4.03), and residential density (OR = 4.38) has an correlation with incidence of toddler’s pneumonia. It is expected that the public can avoid air pollution in the house in order to prevent toddlers from pneumonia.Keywords: cigarette smoke, size of ventilation, residential density, air quality,                 toddler’s Pneumonia

Comparative study on indoor air quality variation while burning different firewood species in Gatlang, Rasuwa, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anu Dahal ◽  
Indira Parajuli
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Pm 2.5 ◽  
Abies Spectabilis

Abstract Indoor Air Pollution (IAP) from smoky cooking fires causes deaths over 22,800 per year being the fourth leading cause of death in Nepal. The study aims to compare the pollution level particularly Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Particulate Matter (PM 2.5 ) in different firewood species. Two households one with ICS and TCS is selected purposively to monitor the concentration of pollutants in Ward no. 3 of Gatlang, Rasuwa, Nepal. IAP Meter based on Laser Sensor principle is used to monitor real time concentration of PM 2.5 and CO. 24 hours mean concentration of PM 2.5 and 8 hours mean average concentrations of CO are found to be above the WHO and National Indoor Air Quality Guidelines i.e. For ICS using household the concentration is found to be 155.26 µg/m 3 and 9 ppm respectively and household using TCS is found to be 385.12 µg/m 3 and 12.2 ppm). Both pollutants’ concentration is found less in Abies Spectabilis than other species. Positive correlation is found in both households along with moisture content, amount of firewood used, etc. This result suggests the use of Abies Spectabilis as it emits less emission as compared to other species as it has less moisture content that reduces the concentration of air pollution. Keywords : Carbon Monoxide 1 , Particulate Matter (PM 2.5 ) 2 , Indoor Air Pollution 3

scholarly journals How Do Combustion and Non-Combustion Products Used Outdoors Affect Outdoor and Indoor Particulate Matter Levels? A Field Evaluation Near the Entrance of an Italian University Library

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5200
Author(s):  
Vittoria Cammalleri ◽  
Daniela Marotta ◽  
Carmela Protano ◽  
Matteo Vitali ◽  
Paolo Villari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Smoking Ban ◽  
University Library ◽  
Pollution Indicator ◽  
Indoor Particulate Matter

Particulate Matter (PM) is a well-known health risk factor and pollutes both outdoor and indoor air. Using PM as an air pollution indicator, the aims were to assess outdoor and indoor air pollution due to combustion and/or non-combustion products used outdoors and to compare the PM levels emitted by different products. PM with an aerodynamic diameter ≤10, 4, 2.5 and 1 µm (PM10, PM4, PM2.5, PM1) was simultaneously measured in two areas, respectively, indoors (with smoking ban) and outdoors (where people commonly smoke) of a university library during the morning and the afternoon of two weekdays. Both combustion and non-combustion products determined a relevant worsening of outdoor air quality, with the highest PM1 levels achieved when a single traditional cigarette (9920 µg m−3), a single e-cigarette (9810 µg m−3) and three simultaneous traditional cigarettes (8700 µg m−3) were smoked. An increase of indoor PM1 levels was found during outdoor smoking/vaping sessions, persisting also after the end of sessions. The results highlighted the need for a revision of smoke-free laws, especially for outdoor areas, to include non-combustion products. In addition, it is essential to make society aware of the dangers of smoking outdoors by implementing health promotion interventions.

scholarly journals Analysis of Restaurant Indoor Air Quality in Smoking-Allowed Vs. Smoke-Free College Communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Williams ◽  
Jeremy Barnes ◽  
Michael Hall ◽  
Timothy Day ◽  
Barry Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
Two Cities

This study examined the indoor air quality of restaurants in two cities with universities, one smoke-free (n=15) and one that allowed smoking (n=17). Results indicated that restaurants protected by smoke-free ordinance had significantly (p=.036) lower levels of particulate matter (13.10±10.33 ug/m3) compared to restaurants which allowed smoking (130.72±212.64 ug/m3). Mean particulate matter within smoking-allowed restaurants was caused by as few as three cigarettes being smoked at one time. Based on the EPA Air Quality Index, 70.6% of smoking-allowed restaurants yielded an unhealthy classification compared to only 6.7% of smoke-free restaurants (p=.005). Smoke-free ordinances provide effective protection from indoor air pollution.

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