The laboratory aspects of proteinuria

Introduction. The existence of proteinuria may be overlooked by applying the test strips. The aim of this study has been to determine the discrepancy between the findings of proteinuria detected by test strips when compared to the results of its testing with the sulfosalicylic acid. Material and Methods. The study sample consisted of 1106 subjects, who were divided into the proteinuria positive (test strips showed the presence of isolated proteinuria), and proteinuria negative group (microscopic examination revealed the presence of >10 fresh red blood cells/?L, and/or >1 dysmorphic erythrocyte/?L, and/or >10 leukocytes/?L, and/or> 1 cylinder, and/or >1 nonsquamous epithelial cells/?L, and/or >100 bacteria/?L). Both groups had the urine tested with sulfosalicylic acid. The chemical and microscopic examination of the urine was done by the analyzer LabUMat-UriSed. Results. Proteinuria was confirmed with the sulfosalicylic acid test in 96.5% of subjects from group 1 and in 85.3% of subjects from group 2. Among the patients with the negative finding of proteinuria on the test strip and with the positive sulfosalicylic acid test there was a significantly higher number of those with pathological findings of erythrocytes, leukocytes, bacteria and cylinders in the urine when compared to those of the same group with negative sulfosalicylic acid test. Conclusion. Sulfosalicylic acid test should be performed in cases of pathological microscopic findings in the urine in case of the presence of >10 fresh erythrocytes/?L and/or >1 dysmorphic eryth?rocyte/?L and/or >10 leukocytes/?L and/or >1 cylinder (except hya?line) and/or >1 nonsquamous epithelial cells/?L and/or >100 bacteria/?L even if the test strip examination is negative for proteinuria.

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Microscopic examination of routine tonsillectomy specimens: Is it necessary?

Otolaryngology ◽

10.1016/s0194-5998(98)70079-8 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 119 (4) ◽

pp. 361-363 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Aijaz Alvi ◽

A. John Vartanian

Keyword(s):

Microscopic Examination ◽

Postoperative Treatment ◽

Clinical Impression ◽

Granulomatous Disease ◽

Occult Malignancy ◽

History Of ◽

Group 2 ◽

Microscopic Findings ◽

Gross Examination ◽

Group 1

Controversy continues to exist regarding the routine histologic examining of tonsillectomy specimens. Proponents suggest that among other reasons, missing an important diagnosis such as occult malignancy or granulomatous disease and possible medicolegal consequences argue in favor of routine histologic examination. Others state that we should consider the very low yield of significant histologic findings in routine tonsillectomy specimens and its added cost. We performed a retrospective evaluation of all cases of patients who underwent tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy between January 1992 and July 1996. Two hundred eighty-eight charts were evaluable. Group 1 consisted of all tonsillectomy specimens that were subjected to gross examination only. Group 2 consisted of all tonsillectomy specimens that were subjected to gross examination as well as microscopic examination. In group 1, no abnormal gross findings were noted. Group 2 consisted of specimens from an older population with a mean age of 21.6 years. There were 43 patients older than 20 years old in group 2, and in all cases except four the preoperative clinical impression correlated with the microscopic findings. Occult malignancy was found in only one of these four patients. No cases of granulomatous disease were discovered. Overall, no patients except one had any change in postoperative treatment on the basis of the results of microscopic examination. We believe that routine microscopic examination of tonsillectomy specimens results in unnecessary cost and consumption of resources and time. Microscopic examination should be done in only selected cases such as in patients with grossly asymmetric tonsils or in patients with a history of malignancy.

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Pathology of Neonatal Calf Diarrhea Induced by a Reo-Like Virus

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1177/0300985871008005-00612 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 8 (5-6) ◽

pp. 490-505 ◽

Cited By ~ 83

Author(s):

C. A. Mebus ◽

E. L. Stair ◽

N. R. Underdahl ◽

M. J. Twiehaus

Keyword(s):

Cell Culture ◽

Small Intestine ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Lamina Propria ◽

Diarrhea Virus ◽

Neonatal Calf ◽

Calf Diarrhea ◽

Neonatal Calf Diarrhea ◽

Microscopic Findings

Gross, immunofluorescent, and light microscopic findings in seven gnotobiotic calves inoculated orally with a Reo-like neonatal calf diarrhea virus were compared to findings in three control gnotobiotic calves. Neonatal calf diarrhea virus infected primarily the villous epithelium of the small intestine. Calves examined within 1.5 h after onset of diarrhea had tall columnar immunofluorescent villous epithelial cells in the middle and lower small intestine. Calves examined 2–4.5 h after onset of diarrhea had cuboidal to squamous villous epithelial cells and an increase in reticulum-like cells in the villous lamina propria of the middle and lower small intestine. Viral tilers were 106 and 108 in colonic contents from two calves inoculated with cell-culture-adapted virus and necropsied, respectively, 2 and 6 h after onset of diarrhea.

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Specifications of Microfloria in Dysbacteriosis of the Urogenital Tract in Women

Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini bìologìï ta sportu ◽

10.26693/jmbs06.02.146 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 146-151

Author(s):

T. V. Sklyar ◽

◽

O. M. Medvedeva ◽

О. А. Drehval ◽

L. P. Holodok ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cells ◽

Mycoplasma Hominis ◽

Urogenital Tract ◽

Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽

Smear Microscopy ◽

Candida Spp ◽

Aerobic Vaginitis ◽

Vaginal Microflora ◽

Group 2 ◽

Age Category

The microbiocenosis of the vagina is a set of microorganisms that inhabit this habitat, normally represented mainly by lactobacilli. The condition of the microbiocenosis of the vagina is of great importance for reproductive health. Bacterial vaginosis and aerobic vaginitis are infectious diseases of the vagina caused by imbalances between physiological and opportunistic microflora, which are normally found in small quantities. The purpose of the study. The work is devoted to the study and analysis of the microflora of the urogenital tract of women in different periods of life with dysbiotic disorders. Materials and methods. A study of the vaginal microflora of 50 women of different ages who complained to a gynecologist was carried out. Microscopic examination of biological material from the vagina using Pappenheim staining showed complete or partial absence of lactobacilli in the samples and their replacement by other bacteria. Smear microscopy showed an increased content of epithelial cells, leukocytes and "key cells" - Gardnerella vaginalis in 25% of women of the 2nd age category (25-35 years old). In women of the 1st and 3rd age categories (15-25 and 45-65 years old, respectively), the content of epithelial cells and leukocytes was normal or slightly higher than normal. Results and discussion. In no case were gonococci and Trichomonas detected in the examined smears. Lactobacilli (bacillus flora) were most often registered in the 1st age category - almost 80%, against 12% in the second and 13% in the third. In 68% of women of the 2nd age category the mixed coco-stick flora prevailed; in the 3rd age group mixed microflora was found in 36% of people; in the first – was absent. Poor microflora was most often found in group 3 of women – 66%, against 20% in group 2, and was not observed in women of group 1. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to identify microorganisms in the studied samples. Conclusion. As a result of the survey of women of all ages, 155 strains of pathogenic microorganisms were isolated. The largest number of samples contained Candida spp. (18.7%), Staphylococcus spp. (10.3%), Gardnerella vaginalis (9.7%), Streptococcus spp. (7.1%), Mobiluncus spp., Atopobium vaginae, Leptotrichia spp., Eubacterium spp. were detected in a small number of samples, Ureaplasma urealytic and Mycoplasma hominis were not detected

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Cross-priming isothermal amplification combined with nucleic acid test strips for detection of meat species

Analytical Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.ab.2020.113672 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 597 ◽

pp. 113672 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fangyuan Zheng ◽

Sufang Li ◽

Sunan Wang ◽

Tao Feng ◽

Zejun Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nucleic Acid ◽

Isothermal Amplification ◽

Nucleic Acid Test ◽

Test Strips ◽

Meat Species ◽

Acid Test

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A cucurbit[6]uril-based supramolecular assembly test strip for immediate detection of nitrofuran antibiotics in water

CrystEngComm ◽

10.1039/d0ce01294g ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (44) ◽

pp. 7660-7667

Author(s):

Lulu Shi ◽

Mei Liu ◽

Cao Fang ◽

Xiaofei Zhu ◽

Hui Li

Keyword(s):

Supramolecular Assembly ◽

Test Strip ◽

Test Strips ◽

Naked Eye ◽

Nitrofuran Antibiotics

A CB[6]-based supramolecular assembly has been designed and prepared into test strips, which can detect nitrofuran antibiotics by the naked eye.

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The Influence of Blood Glucose Meter Resistance Variation on the Performance of a Biosensor with a Gold-Coated Circuit Board

Journal of Sensors ◽

10.1155/2019/5948182 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kun-Yong Kim ◽

Ho Chang ◽

Win-Der Lee ◽

Yi-Fan Cai ◽

You-Jia Chen

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Glucose Oxidase ◽

Economies Of Scale ◽

Electrochemical Reaction ◽

Test Strip ◽

Circuit Board ◽

Potential Range ◽

Test Strips ◽

Glucose Meter ◽

Blood Glucose Meter

In this study, a novel gold-coated test strip for blood glucose measurement has been designed. Such gold-coated test strip is feasible for mass production to achieve economies of scale. Cyclic voltammetry was applied to test strips to undergo electrochemical reaction under a potential range of ±0.4 V. Glucose oxidase (GOD) was added into K3[Fe(CN)6]. When glucose oxidase undergoes electrochemical reaction, the medium, K3[Fe(CN)6], will act as an electron acceptor, causing the electrodes on the test strip to generate a pair of clear anodic and reductive peaks. The maximum of the anodic and reductive peaks can be used as reference to adjust the resistance of the blood glucose meter. The experimental results show that by adjusting the resistance of the blood glucose meter, the accuracy of blood glucose meter reading can be tuned and blood glucose reading can be stabilized. Therefore, when the resistance of the blood glucose meter is at 2.4 KΩ, the standard deviation (STD) and coefficient of variation (CV) of the test strip are lower than those of the test strips measured at resistances of 2.2 KΩ and 2.6 KΩ. It has been proved in this study that adjusting the resistance of the blood glucose meter can optimize the chemical reaction on gold-coated test strips as well as its reading. This method can also be applied to tune the accuracy of readings for test strips coated with other materials.

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SK-FMYOLOV3: A Novel Detection Method for Urine Test Strips

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing ◽

10.1155/2020/8847651 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Rui Yang ◽

Yonglin Zhang ◽

Zhenrong Deng ◽

Wenming Huang ◽

Rushi Lan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clustering Algorithm ◽

Test Strip ◽

Recall Rate ◽

Detection Algorithm ◽

Urine Test ◽

Feature Maps ◽

Test Strips ◽

Fuzzy C Means Clustering ◽

Convolution Kernels ◽

Clustering Center

To accurately detect small defects in urine test strips, the SK-FMYOLOV3 defect detection algorithm is proposed. First, the prediction box clustering algorithm of YOLOV3 is improved. The fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm is used to generate the initial clustering centers, and then, the clustering center is passed to the K-means algorithm to cluster the prediction boxes. To better detect smaller defects, the YOLOV3 feature map fusion is increased from the original three-scale prediction to a four-scale prediction. At the same time, 23 convolutional layers of size 3 × 3 in the YOLOV3 network are replaced with SkNet structures, so that different feature maps can independently select different convolution kernels for training, improving the accuracy of defect classification. We collected and enhanced urine test strip images in industrial production and labeled the small defects in the images. A total of 11634 image sets were used for training and testing. The experimental results show that the algorithm can obtain an anchor frame with an average cross ratio of 86.57, while the accuracy rate and recall rate of nonconforming products are 96.8 and 94.5, respectively. The algorithm can also accurately identify the category of defects in nonconforming products.

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A randomized clinical trial of a theory-based fentanyl overdose education and fentanyl test strip distribution intervention to reduce rates of opioid overdose: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Trials ◽

10.1186/s13063-020-04898-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Brendan P. Jacka ◽

Jacqueline E. Goldman ◽

Jesse L. Yedinak ◽

Edward Bernstein ◽

Scott E. Hadland ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Behavior Change ◽

Randomized Clinical Trial ◽

Study Protocol ◽

Test Strip ◽

Health Concern ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Opioid Overdose ◽

Test Strips

Abstract Background Opioid overdose deaths involving synthetic opioids, particularly illicitly manufactured fentanyl, remain a substantial public health concern in North America. Responses to overdose events (e.g., administration of naloxone and rescue breathing) are effective at reducing mortality; however, more interventions are needed to prevent overdoses involving illicitly manufactured fentanyl. This study protocol aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a behavior change intervention that incorporates individual counseling, practical training in fentanyl test strip use, and distribution of fentanyl test strips for take-home use among people who use drugs. Methods Residents of Rhode Island aged 18–65 years who report recent substance use (including prescription pills obtained from the street; heroin, powder cocaine, crack cocaine, methamphetamine; or any drug by injection) (n = 500) will be recruited through advertisements and targeted street-based outreach into a two-arm randomized clinical trial with 12 months of post-randomization follow-up. Eligible participants will be randomized (1:1) to receive either the RAPIDS intervention (i.e., fentanyl-specific overdose education, behavior change motivational interviewing (MI) sessions focused on using fentanyl test strips to reduce overdose risk, fentanyl test strip training, and distribution of fentanyl test strips for personal use) or standard overdose education as control. Participants will attend MI booster sessions (intervention) or attention-matched control sessions at 1, 2, and 3 months post-randomization. All participants will be offered naloxone at enrolment. The primary outcome is a composite measure of self-reported overdose in the previous month at 6- and/or 12-month follow-up visit. Secondary outcome measures include administratively linked data regarding fatal (post-mortem investigation) and non-fatal (hospitalization or emergency medical service utilization) overdoses. Discussion If the RAPIDS intervention is found to be effective, its brief MI and fentanyl test strip training components could be easily incorporated into existing community-based overdose prevention programming to help reduce the rates of fentanyl-related opioid overdose. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04372238. Registered on 01 May 2020

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False negative hyperglucosuria test-strip reactions in laboratory mice

Laboratory Animals ◽

10.1258/002367782781110179 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 192-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

D. M. Taylor ◽

D. L. Neal

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

False Negative ◽

Test Strip ◽

Mouse Strains ◽

Laboratory Mice ◽

Commercial Test ◽

Test Strips ◽

Optimum Detection ◽

Positive Results

Inhibition of a variety of commercial test strips for hyperglucosuria was experienced in laboratory mice. All mouse strains tested were found to have sufficiently high levels of ascorbic acid to cause inhibition, and male levels were higher than those of females. A regime to obtain optimum detection of positive results is discussed.

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Cytomorphometric and Morphological Analysis in Women with Trichomonas vaginalis Infection: Micronucleus Frequency in Exfoliated Cervical Epithelial Cells

Acta Cytologica ◽

10.1159/000431148 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 258-264 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Zehra Safi Oz ◽

Banu Doğan Gun ◽

Mustafa Ozkan Gun ◽

Sukru Oguz Ozdamar

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cells ◽

Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

Group 2 ◽

And Control ◽

Group 1

Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the cytomorphometric and morphological effects of Trichomonas vaginalis in exfoliated epithelial cells. Study Design: Ninety-six Pap-stained cervical smears were divided into a study group and two control groups as follows: T. vaginalis cases, a first control group with inflammation, and a second control group without inflammation. Micronucleated, binucleated, karyorrhectic, karyolytic, and karyopyknotic cells and cells with perinuclear halos per 1,000 epithelial cells were counted. Nuclear and cellular areas were evaluated in 70 clearly defined cells in each smear using image analysis. Results: The frequencies of morphological parameters in the T. vaginalis cases were higher than the values of the two control groups, and the difference among groups was found to be significant (p < 0.05). The nuclear and cytoplasmic areas of epithelial cells were diminished in patients with trichomoniasis. The mean nucleus/cytoplasm ratio in T. vaginalis patients was higher than the value in the control groups, and the difference between the study group and control group 1 was significant. However, there was no statistically significant increase between the study group and control group 2. Conclusions:T. vaginalis exhibited significant changes in the cellular size and nuclear structure of the cells. The rising frequency of micronuclei, nuclear abnormalities, and changing nucleus/cytoplasm ratio may reflect genotoxic damage in trichomoniasis.

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