A large-scale study on the effectiveness of a Bacillus subtilis Ch-13-based biofungicide against green mould disease and mushroom yield improvement

The aim of this study was to test a biofungicide based on Bacillus subtilis Ch-13 and its effectiveness in the control of green mould disease of cultivated mushroom in comparison with the fungicide prochloraz. Biofungicide effectiveness in disease control and impact on yield were evaluated on Agaricus bisporus after its natural infection with Trichoderma aggressivum in a commercial mushroom growing facility. An assay for testing the microbial efficacy of the biofungicide was conducted in two different procedures involving either three or two split doses. The highest statistically significant effectiveness in green mould control was shown by the fungicide prochloraz (71.43%), followed by the biofungicide applied in tree split doses (53.57%), and finally its two doses (45.46%). The biofungicide significantly improved yield in comparison with an untreated control and the fungicide prochloraz. Three split applications of B. subtilis strain Ch-13 enhanced mushroom yield to a larger extent than its two split doses, although the same final amount was used in both procedures. Biofungicide application in three split doses increased the total mass of harvested mushrooms 8.41% compared to the untreated control, and 10.53% compared to the fungicide prochloraz. These results implied that the biofungicide should be applied in three split applications: 30 ml (second day after casing) + 15 ml (two weeks after casing) + 15 ml (after first flush, 20-25 days after casing). The biofungicide B. subtilis Ch-13 should be further investigated regarding its joint usage with chemical fungicides in different application procedures, as it showed remarkable characteristics both in terms of promoting mushroom yield and inhibiting the spread of mycopathogenic T. aggressivum.

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Biological control of green mould on Agaricus bisporus by a native Bacillus subtilis strain from mushroom compost

European Journal of Plant Pathology ◽

10.1007/s10658-016-1107-3 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 148 (3) ◽

pp. 509-519 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Svetlana Milijašević-Marčić ◽

Miloš Stepanović ◽

Biljana Todorović ◽

Bojan Duduk ◽

Jelena Stepanović ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Agaricus Bisporus ◽

Subtilis Strain ◽

Mushroom Compost ◽

Green Mould

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Impact of Bacillus subtilis QST713 mushroom grain spawn treatment on yield and green mould control

Pesticidi i fitomedicina ◽

10.2298/pif1804205p ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (3-4) ◽

pp. 205-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ivana Potocnik ◽

Biljana Todorovic ◽

Emil Rekanovic ◽

Jelena Lukovic ◽

Dusanka Paunovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Untreated Control ◽

Agaricus Bisporus ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Casing Treatment ◽

Mushroom Production ◽

Green Mould

A biofungicide based on Bacillus subtilis QST713 was tested for impact on yield and efficacy against a Trichoderma aggressivum f. europaeum T77 strain from Serbia by coating mushroom grain spawn and comparing the results with the chemical fungicide prochloraz manganese in a mushroom growing room. The tested B. subtilis QST713 strain did not inhibit mycelial growth of Agaricus bisporus in plots free of the pathogen, showing an impact on yield of 91.95%, which was not significantly different from an untreated control. As for the efficacy of the fungicides used against T. aggressivum f. europaeum T77, there were no significant differences between a prochloraz manganese casing treatment, and B. subtilis QST713 coating on mushroom grain spawn, as the efficacy was 70.37 and 53.09%, respectively. These results implied that the biofungicide based on B. subtilis could serve as a harmless alternative to synthetic fungicides in mushroom production, especially during serious compost green muold outbreaks caused by T. aggressivum. Furthermore, the biofungicide should be applied alone because an antagonistic reaction was detected between the fungicide prochloraz and B. subtilis QST713.

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Aggressiveness of green mould on cultivated mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) in Turkey

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection ◽

10.1007/s41348-020-00328-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 127 (5) ◽

pp. 695-708 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mehmet Aydoğdu ◽

İlker Kurbetli ◽

Aytül Kitapçı ◽

Görkem Sülü

Keyword(s):

Agaricus Bisporus ◽

Cultivated Mushroom ◽

Green Mould

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NUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTATION OF MUSHROOM COMPOST AT CASING: VEGETABLE OILS

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b66-113 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 44 (8) ◽

pp. 1063-1069 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

L. C. Schisler ◽

J. W. Sinden

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Vegetable Oils ◽

Agaricus Bisporus ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Seed Oils ◽

Mushroom Compost ◽

Nutrient Supplementation ◽

Cultivated Mushroom ◽

Mushroom Yield

Supplementation of compost at casing with various ground seeds caused greater increases in mushroom yield than their respective seed oil meals when supplemented and compared at equivalent rates of nitrogen addition.Supplementation with various refined and crude seed oils increased mushroom yield, particularly in the first break or flush of mushrooms. This constitutes evidence for a relationship between lipid metabolism and the initiation of fruiting in the cultivated mushroom, Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Sing.

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The effects of casing soil treatment with bacillus subtilis Ch-13 biofungicide on green mould control and mushroom yield

Pesticidi i fitomedicina ◽

10.2298/pif1901053p ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 53-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ivana Potocnik ◽

Emil Rekanovic ◽

Biljana Todorovic ◽

Jelena Lukovic ◽

Dusanka Paunovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Disease Control ◽

Causal Agent ◽

Soil Treatment ◽

Bacillus Velezensis ◽

Uninoculated Control ◽

Green Mould ◽

Mushroom Yield ◽

The Impact

The impact of a biofungicide based on Bacillus subtilis Ch-13 on mushroom yield and efficacy in suppression of Trichoderma aggressivum f. europaeum T77 from Serbia was estimated in comparision with a similar microbial fungicide, Bacillus velezensis QST713, and the chemical fungicide prochloraz manganese. The biofungicide B. velezensis QST713 is registered for treatments of mushrooms and other crops in many countries but it is not currently available on the Serbian market. The tested B. subtilis Ch-13 fungicide enhanced mushroom yield 12%, compared with an uninoculated control, and notably more than B. velezensis QST713 applied at its higher test concentrations. Regarding the efficacy of the biofungicides in control of the compost pathogen T. aggressivum f. europaeum, B. subtilis Ch-13 applied in concentration of 3 ? 108 CFU per m2 showed higher efficacy than the higher concentrations (5 ? 109 and 1 ? 1010 CFU per m2) of B. velezensis QST713. The biofungicide based on B. subtilis Ch-13 should be further investigated regarding its different modes of application to ensure better efficacy in disease control as it showed beneficial features in both promoting A. bisporus production and suppressing the growth of the aggressive compost pathogen T. aggressivum, the causal agent of devastating green mould disease.

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The activity of native Bacillus subtilis strains in control of green mould disease of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus spp.)

Pesticidi i fitomedicina ◽

10.2298/pif1902097p ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 97-102

Author(s):

Ivana Potocnik ◽

Svetlana Milijasevic-Marcic ◽

Olja Stanojevic ◽

Tanja Beric ◽

Slavisa Stankovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Growth Inhibition ◽

Antagonistic Activity ◽

Oyster Mushroom ◽

Subtilis Strain ◽

Mushroom Production ◽

Antagonistic Microorganisms ◽

Green Mould ◽

Antagonistic Potential

The study aimed to isolate potential biocontrol agents from mushroom substrate that could serve as an alternative to toxic chemicals commonly used for disease control in mushroom production. The antagonistic potential of ten native Bacillus subtilis strains against the causal agents of green mould disease of oyster mushroom, Trichoderma pleuroti and Trichoderma pleuroticola, was evaluated. The antagonistic potential of Bacillus spp. strains was quantified in vitro based on dual cultivation with the pathogen. Growth inhibition of T. pleuroti ranged from 54.44% to 62.22% and no significant differences in antagonistic activity were found between the tested B. subtilis strains. Inhibition of T. pleuroticola was slightly higher, ranging from 55.56% to 69.62% and B. subtilis strain B-358 induced the highest growth inhibition. This research confirmed mushroom substrate to be a good source of antagonistic microorganisms with potentials for use in biological control of green mould in oyster mushroom production.

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Morphological and pathogenic characteristics of the fungus Cladobotryum dendroides, the causal agent of cobweb disease of the cultivated mushroom Agaricus bisporus in Serbia

Pesticidi i fitomedicina ◽

10.2298/pif0803175p ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 175-181 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ivana Potocnik ◽

Emil Rekanovic ◽

Svetlana Milijasevic ◽

Biljana Todorovic ◽

Milos Stepanovic

Keyword(s):

Agaricus Bisporus ◽

Natural Infection ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Causal Agent ◽

Fruiting Bodies ◽

Cultivated Mushroom ◽

Pathogenicity Tests ◽

Agar Media ◽

Cobweb Disease

Twenty isolates were isolated from diseased fruiting bodies of Agaricus bisporus collected from Serbian mushroom farms during 2003-2007. The isolates formed white, cottony, aerial colonies on agar media. With age, conidia and colonies turned yellow and redish. Pathogenicity of these isolates was confirmed by inoculation of harvested basidiomes of A. bisporus and by casing inoculation. Symptoms similar to natural infection were recorded. Based on pathogenicity tests and morphological characteristics, the isolates were identified as Cladobotryum dendroides (Bulliard : Fries) W. Gams & Hoozemans.

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