scholarly journals Focal brain lesions as a consequence of an obscure neurosurgical treatment in drug-addicted patient

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 223-226
Author(s):  
Ivana Stojic ◽  
Dalibor Ilic ◽  
Mirela Jukovic ◽  
Milos Vujanovic ◽  
Ivana Canak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Male Patient ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Clinical Analysis ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Brain Infection ◽  
Neurosurgical Treatment ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Ct And Mri

Introduction. Infectious or non-infectious noxae may occur in drug-addicted patients who have clinical presentation of meningeal syndrome with a spectrum of possible complications, such as a diffuse or focal brain lesions. The objective of this report is to present a rare case of a drug-addicted male patient, initially suspected of mycosis of the central nervous system, but computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed the signs of an invasive neurosurgical operation that the patient underwent during the treatment of drug addiction. Case outline. A 37-year-old male patient was hospitalized at the Clinic for Infectious Diseases, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, with a meningeal syndrome, initially suspected of mycosis of the central nervous system. He was diagnosed at the Center for Radiology. Neuroimaging ? CT and MRI were used in order to prove or disprove the presence of brain infection. These diagnostic procedures ruled out the presence of brain infection, but opened questions about the type of neurosurgical treatment performed out of legal institution, due to the presence of craniotomy and focal glial brain lesions in the frontal lobes. Conclusion. In drug-addicted patients, meningeal syndrome can be connected with diffuse or focal brain infections. Together with laboratory and clinical analysis, imaging methods contribute to the decision making and optimal treatment of patients. In our case, CT and MRI made a significant contribution in the detection of the focal brain lesions and clarification of their etiology.

scholarly journals Severe haemophilia a in a preterm girl with turner syndrome - a case report from the prenatal period to early infancy (part I)

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Berendt ◽  
Monika Wójtowicz-Marzec ◽  
Barbara Wysokińska ◽  
Anna Kwaśniewska
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Turner Syndrome ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Haemophilia A ◽  
Severe Haemophilia ◽  
Preterm Children ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Abstract Background Bleedings are more frequent in the population of preterm children than among those born at term, much less in older children. The reasons for such bleedings in preterms include plasma factor deficiencies, immaturity of small vessels in the germinal matrix region, prenatal hypoxia or sepsis. They affect the brain tissue, the gastrointestinal tract and the respiratory system, or are manifested by prolonged bleedings from injection sites. Haemophilia is a rare cause of haemorrhages in the neonatal period, and in the female population it is even seen as an extremely rare disorder. Its aetiology in girls is diverse: inheriting defective genes from their parents, skewed X inactivation or a single X chromosome. Case presentation The article presents a case of a preterm girl born in the 28th week of pregnancy, who was diagnosed with severe haemophilia A stemming from the absence of the X chromosome. The girl’s father is healthy, but her mother’s brother suffers from haemophilia. On the second day of the child’s life, a prolonged bleeding from the injection site was observed. A coagulation profile revealed prolonged APTT which pointed to haemophilia A diagnosis. Moreover, a marked clinical dysmorphy, female sex and a negative family history on the father’s side led the treating team to extend the diagnostic procedures to encompass karyotype evaluation. The girl was diagnosed with Turner syndrome. No bleeding to the central nervous system was observed during her hospital stay. Conclusions Preterm children belong to the risk group of bleeding into the central nervous system or haemorrhages in the course of sepsis. Rare causes of such bleedings should also be borne in mind, including haemophilia. The initial symptoms of haemophilia in preterm children occur in the first days of their lives, which is connected with a number of invasive procedures required in that period. Genetic conditions may coexist with one another. Arriving at one diagnosis does not mean one should abandon further diagnostic procedures in cases where additional atypical symptoms are present which do not match the clinical image of a primary disease.

Serial CT and MRI findings in a patient with isolated angiitis of the central nervous system associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy

Amyloid ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Oide ◽  
Takahiko Tokuda ◽  
Yo-Ichi Takei ◽  
Hitoshi Takahashi ◽  
Kenjiro Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy ◽  
Amyloid Angiopathy ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Serial Ct ◽  
Cerebral Amyloid ◽  
Ct And Mri

Use of rituximab in lymphomatoid granulomatosis with isolated central nervous system involvement

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. e235412
Author(s):  
Jesse Mooneyham ◽  
Cesar Gentille ◽  
Andrea Barbieri ◽  
Shilpan Shah
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis ◽  
Vasogenic Oedema ◽  
The Central Nervous System

A 33-year-old woman presented to the emergency room with severe headaches. A CT scan of the head revealed two brain lesions with associated vasogenic oedema. Diagnostic resection of one of the lesions followed by pathological analysis revealed grade III lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG). Staging investigations elsewhere in the body were negative, isolating this case of LYG to the central nervous system, an atypical presentation. After the resection, she was treated with single-agent rituximab 375 mg/m2. The follow-up MRI demonstrated the resolution of brain lesions and no progression of the disease.

scholarly journals Cryptococcosis in Patients following Kidney Transplantation: A 9-Year Retrospective Clinical Analysis at a Chinese Tertiary Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meifang Yang ◽  
Xuan Zhang ◽  
Jianhua Hu ◽  
Hong Zhao ◽  
Lanjuan Li
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Clinical Analysis ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Kidney Transplant Recipients ◽  
Pulmonary System ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Background. Cryptococcosis following kidney transplantation (KT) is rare but is associated with considerably increased risk of mortality. At present, data on the association between cryptococcosis and KT in mainland China remain relatively limited. Objectives. This study aims to review our experience related to the management of cryptococcosis following KT at a Chinese tertiary hospital. Methods. All patients with cryptococcosis following KT admitted to our hospital from January 2010 to December 2018 were reviewed. Results. A total of 37 patients with cryptococcosis were enrolled (males: 62.2%). The mean age of the patients was 49.5 ± 9.38 (20–64) years. The average time to infection following KT was 7.0 ± 5.50 years (5 months to 21 years), and 30 patients (81.1%) had cryptococcosis onset >2 years following transplantation. The most common site of infection was the central nervous system, followed by the pulmonary system and skin. Most patients received fluconazole or voriconazole with or without flucytosine as their initial treatment regimen at our hospital. The 2-week mortality rate was 8.1% (3/37), and five patients (13.5%) died within 6 months of being diagnosed with cryptococcosis. Remarkably, all patients who received high-dose fluconazole (800 mg daily) or voriconazole ± flucytosine survived. Conclusions. Cryptococcosis in kidney transplant recipients is typically a late-occurring infection, with most patients having cryptococcosis onset >2 years following KT at our hospital. The central nervous system, pulmonary system, and skin are the main sites of infection. Voriconazole or high-dose fluconazole can be used as an alternative therapy for post-KT cryptococcosis.

scholarly journals Toxicity of Shiga Toxin 1 in the Central Nervous System of Rabbits

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 6545-6548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Fujii ◽  
Yoshimasa Kinoshita ◽  
Takashi Yutsudo ◽  
Hatsumi Taniguchi ◽  
Tom Obrig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
The Central Nervous System

ABSTRACT The action of Shiga toxin (Stx) on the central nervous system was examined in rabbits. Intravenous Stx1 was 44 times more lethal than Stx2 and acted more rapidly than Stx2. However, Stx1 accumulated more slowly in the cerebrospinal fluid than did Stx2. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a predominance of Stx1-dependent lesions in the spinal cord. Pretreatment of the animals with anti-Stx1 antiserum intravenously completely protected against both development of brain lesions and mortality.

scholarly journals Abnormal Reaction to Central Nervous System Injury in Mice Lacking Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Vimentin

1999 ◽  
Vol 145 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milos Pekny ◽  
Clas B. Johansson ◽  
Camilla Eliasson ◽  
Josefina Stakeberg ◽  
Åsa Wallén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ◽  
Intermediate Filament ◽  
Glial Scar ◽  
Scar Formation ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Acidic Protein ◽  
The Central Nervous System

In response to injury of the central nervous system, astrocytes become reactive and express high levels of the intermediate filament (IF) proteins glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vimentin, and nestin. We have shown that astrocytes in mice deficient for both GFAP and vimentin (GFAP−/−vim−/−) cannot form IFs even when nestin is expressed and are thus devoid of IFs in their reactive state. Here, we have studied the reaction to injury in the central nervous system in GFAP−/−, vimentin−/−, or GFAP−/−vim−/− mice. Glial scar formation appeared normal after spinal cord or brain lesions in GFAP−/− or vimentin−/− mice, but was impaired in GFAP−/−vim−/− mice that developed less dense scars frequently accompanied by bleeding. These results show that GFAP and vimentin are required for proper glial scar formation in the injured central nervous system and that some degree of functional overlap exists between these IF proteins.

scholarly journals Aino Virus Antigen in Brain Lesions of a Naturally Aborted Bovine Fetus

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 409-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Noda ◽  
Y. Uchinuno ◽  
H. Shirakawa ◽  
S. Nagasue ◽  
N. Nagano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Virus Antigen ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Significant Feature ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

A bovine fetus aborted at 187 days of gestation was serologically and immunohistopathologically examined. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples had high titers of virus-neutralizing antibody for Aino virus. A severe necrotizing encephalopathy was noted. Aino virus antigen was demonstrated in neuroglial cells within the brain lesion. The destruction of developing neuronal cells appeared to be a significant feature of the pathogenesis of lesions due to Aino virus infection in the central nervous system.

scholarly journals Cerebral Schistosomiasis

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-123
Author(s):  
Antônio Santos de Araújo Júnior ◽  
Pedro Alberto Arlani ◽  
Arnaldo Salvestrini Júnior ◽  
Mirella Martins Fazzito ◽  
Evandro Sobroza De Mello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
High Index ◽  
Neurological Deterioration ◽  
Spinal Cord Lesions ◽  
Brain Infection ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Contaminated Waters

Schistosomiasis is a cutaneously acquired infection caused by trematodes (fla¬tworms from the phylum Platyhelminthes), due to swimming in contaminated waters. The central nervous system (CNS) schistosomiasis is a rare presen¬tation of the disease. Brain infection due to S. Mansoni has been rarely reported, in anedoctal fashion. It should be early recognized , since an available treatment may prevent neurological deterioration. A high index of sus¬picion is necessary, mainly in patients coming from endemic areas, with brain or spinal cord lesions associated with eosino¬philia and inflammatory CSF. The finding schistosoma eggs in stools or in a CNS biopsy confirms the diagnosis. We re¬port on a 35-year old brazilian man harboring an isolated brain infection due to S. mansoni. 

Diagnostic Difficulties in Primary Pauci-Melanotic Leptomeningeal Melanomatosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 68-70
Author(s):  
Ewa Koziorowska-Gawron ◽  
Maciej Kaczorowski ◽  
Joanna Bladowska ◽  
Sławomir Budrewicz ◽  
Magdalena Koszewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Postmortem Examination ◽  
Primary Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Diagnostic Difficulties ◽  
The Central Nervous System

We present a rare case of primary malignant melanoma of the central nervous system. We underline the difficulties we faced during diagnostic procedures. Finally, postmortem examination revealed the diagnosis of primary pauci-­melanotic leptomeningeal melanomatosis.

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