scholarly journals European experiences as guidelines for public, private and civil sector role redefinition in spatial policy formulation process in Serbia

Spatium ◽  
2012 ◽  
pp. 40-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milica Maksic
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Institutional Framework ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Institutional Practices ◽  
Spatial Policy ◽  
Civil Sector

The period of post-socialist transition in Serbia brings more complex actors environment compared to socialistic period, while institutional arrangements are not enough developed to actively involve different groups of actors in spatial policy formulation process. In order to gather certain knowledge as guidelines for redefining institutional practices in Serbia, institutional framework of Serbia was compared in this paper with institutional framework of three developed European countries, especially in relation to the roles of public, private and civil sector in spatial policy formulation process. The European countries selected for the analysis are United Kingdom, Netherlands and Germany because of diverse national administrative traditions, so different institutional arrangements could be researched. By comparing institutional framework in Serbia with the ones in developed European countries following questions are researched: which actors are missing in Serbia, what are the ways institutional arrangements for different groups inclusion into spatial policy formulation process are formed, what are the differences between the roles of certain groups of actors in decision-making process. Current roles of actors in spatial policy formulation process in Serbia are reviewed and possible directions for public, private and civil sector role redefinition in Serbia are discussed in accordance with experiences of developed European countries.

scholarly journals Decision-making process for introduction of maternal vaccines in Kenya, 2017–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy A. Otieno ◽  
Fauzia A. Malik ◽  
Stacy W. Nganga ◽  
Winnie N. Wairimu ◽  
Dominic O. Ouma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Advisory Group ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Maternal Immunization ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background Maternal immunization is a key strategy for reducing morbidity and mortality associated with infectious diseases in mothers and their newborns. Recent developments in the science and safety of maternal vaccinations have made possible development of new maternal vaccines ready for introduction in low- and middle-income countries. Decisions at the policy level remain the entry point for maternal immunization programs. We describe the policy and decision-making process in Kenya for the introduction of new vaccines, with particular emphasis on maternal vaccines, and identify opportunities to improve vaccine policy formulation and implementation process. Methods We conducted 29 formal interviews with government officials and policy makers, including high-level officials at the Kenya National Immunization Technical Advisory Group, and Ministry of Health officials at national and county levels. All interviews were recorded and transcribed. We analyzed the qualitative data using NVivo 11.0 software. Results All key informants understood the vaccine policy formulation and implementation processes, although national officials appeared more informed compared to county officials. County officials reported feeling left out of policy development. The recent health system decentralization had both positive and negative impacts on the policy process; however, the negative impacts outweighed the positive impacts. Other factors outside vaccine policy environment such as rumours, sociocultural practices, and anti-vaccine campaigns influenced the policy development and implementation process. Conclusions Public policy development process is complex and multifaceted by its nature. As Kenya prepares for introduction of other maternal vaccines, it is important that the identified policy gaps and challenges are addressed.

scholarly journals Understanding the perspectives of older adults and elderly regarding vaccination; a snapshot in four European countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Timen ◽  
R Eilers ◽  
S Lockhart ◽  
R Gavioli ◽  
S Paul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Abstract Prevention of infectious diseases in elderly by immunization is a prerequisite to ensuring healthy ageing. However, in order for the vaccine programs to be effective, these need to be provided by health care professionals who have up-to-date knowledge and high motivation. Furthermore, the knowledge and attitudes towards vaccination in the targeted age groups needs to be fully understood. When focusing on the information provision, it is important to know from whom or which institution older adults and elderly would like to receive and in which form. In January 2019, an international project called the VITAL (The Vaccines and InfecTious diseases in the Ageing population) project was started, within the framework of IMI (Innovative Medicines Initiatives). One of the goals of the VITAL project is to develop strategies to educate and train health care professionals (HCPs) and to promote awareness among stakeholders involved in elderly care management. We briefly focus on the results of studies undertaken in four European countries (Italy, France, The Netherlands and Hungary), which reveal the perspective of older adults and elderly regarding influenza, pneumococcal, herpes zoster vaccination and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) as well as generic characteristics of the vaccines and diseases. We will show how attitudes towards vaccination are represented in our study population and which determinants influence the decision-making process of accepting vaccination. Furthermore, we shall elaborate on how the decision-making process towards vaccination takes place and which additional information is needed. In the second part of the session, we shall invite the audience to reflect on the findings and identify the factors they consider most important for setting up a training and education programme on vaccination.

scholarly journals Needs-based decision-making for municipal health promotion – an analysis across 13 European countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Quilling ◽  
M Kuchler ◽  
J Leimann ◽  
S Dieterich ◽  
C Plantz
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Healthy Living ◽  
Living Environments ◽  
Municipal Health

Abstract Introduction In contradiction to many recommendations, municipal health promotion often does not address identified needs. In order to create healthy living environments, all the 13 countries participating in Work package 6 - healthy living environments (WP6) of the EU Joint Action Health Equity Europe have been implementing feasible actions since autumn 2019 based on a country-specific needs analysis. They were supported on a theoretical level by the contents of the WP6 Implementation Template. The aim is to find out if and how the decision-making process from needs-based planning to the implementation of these measures in municipal health promotion was successful. Methods In order to gain an insight into the process 'from needs to action' and to obtain information about the methodological approach to implementation, guideline-based interviews were conducted with the project partners of WP6. These, as well as accompanying questionnaire-based interim reports, were evaluated comparatively in terms of content analysis according to Mayring and with regard to concrete evaluation criteria, obstacles and success factors during individual steps that can be transferred to the Public Health Action Cycle. Results The interim reports of the participating countries show that the step from an identified problem and related needs to a concrete, tailored action is often difficult. The relevant aspects mentioned above will be analysed more detailed during the interviews. It is to be expected that further insights can be gained from this, especially on successful implementation processes. Conclusions The mix of reports and interviews with participants from different European countries offers a broad view of the decision-making process in local health promotion and makes obstacles and success factors transparent for other actors in this field.

THE DEFENCE SECTOR AND ITS EFFECT ON NATIONAL SECURITY DURING THE CZECHOSLOVAK (MUNICH)

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-84
Author(s):  
Ales BINAR
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
National Security ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
International Conference ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Defence Sector

The Czechoslovak (Munich) Crisis of 1938 was concluded by an international conference that took place in Munich on 29-30 September 1938. The decision of the participating powers, i.e. France, Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom, was made without any respect for Czechoslovakia and its representatives. The aim of this paper is to examine the role of the defence sector, i.e. the representatives of the ministry of defence and the Czechoslovak armed forces during the Czechoslovak (Munich) Crisis in the period from mid-March to the beginning of October 1938. There is also a question as to, whether there are similarities between the position then and the present-day position of the army in the decision-making process.

scholarly journals Processo Decisório e Política Externa nos Pequenos Estados da Periferia: Cabo Verde e Guiné-Bissau | Decision-Making Process and Foreign Policy in Small Peripheral States: Cape Verde and Guinea-Bissau

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-185
Author(s):  
Timóteo Saba M'bunde
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
International System ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Cape Verde ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Foreign Policy Analysis ◽  
Cabo Verde ◽  
Guinea Bissau

O texto questiona as perspectivas mais conservadoras do campo de Análise de Política Externa (APE), as quais se subsidiam de pressupostos teóricos do realismo para refutar a validade do uso de APE e processo decisório, como ferramentas cabíveis a estudar a política externa dos Estados da periferia do sistema internacional. O texto busca identificar o processo decisório de política externa em Cabo Verde e Guiné-Bissau e apresentar pistas pelas quais é possível lançar mão de APE para estudar a política externa desses dois países luso-africanos. O trabalho também apresenta alguns aspectos dos modelos políticos e constitucionais de Cabo Verde e Guiné-Bissau e a influência que os respectivos contextos políticos exercem sobre a formulação de política externa, caracterizando o tipo de processo decisório que tende a se predominar em cada um dos dois contextos.ABSTRACTThe paper question the most conservatives outlook of Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA) field, that subsidize from theoretical realism assumptions to refute the validity of the use of FPA and decision-making process as appropriate tools to study the foreign policy of international system peripheral states. The paper seeks to identify the decision-making process of foreign policy in Cape Verde and Guinea-Bissau and provides clues by which it’s possible to make use of FPA to study and understand the foreign policy of both luso-africans countries. The work also presents some aspects of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde political and constitutional models and the influence that the respective political contexts have on foreign policy formulation, characterizing the kind of decision-making that tends to predominate in each of the two contexts.Palavras-chave: processo decisório; política externa; Estados da periferia.Keywords: decision-making; foreign policy; peripheral States.Recebido em 14 de Agosto de 2017 | Aceito em 29 de Novembro de 2017.Received on August 14, 2017 | Accepted on November 29, 2017. DOI: 10.12957/rmi.2016.29990

scholarly journals The Impact of Economics on Competition Law in New Zealand Some Reflections on the First Decade

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Mark N Berry
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Law And Economics ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Institutional Framework ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Brief Assessment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

The economic focus of the Commerce Act 1986 is unique in New Zealand, both in terms of its theoretical foundations and its institutional framework. The author reflects on these features of the Act and the impact that economics has had on the decision-making process. This article reviews the New Zealand landscape in terms of the goals of the Commerce Act, its institutional framework, and the manner in which the strict rules of evidence may be relaxed. It then considers, by using Justice Breyer's framework (in S J Breyer "Economics and Judging: An Afterword on Cooter and Wald" (1987) 50 Law and Contemp Probs 245), how economics has impacted upon the content of rules of law and the proof of specific economic facts. The author concludes with a brief assessment of likely and desirable future trends in New Zealand law, arguing that it was likely that economics would continue to have a major impact on the Commerce Act; aside from in the interpretation of dominance principles, the author argues that the foundations are strongly in place for the continued growth of law and economics in this field.

scholarly journals The Politicization of Women’s Rights in Malaysia: The Drive Behind the Impasse of Fatwa Obligating Female Circumcision

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Nabilah Nur Abiyanti
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Female Circumcision ◽  
Policy Option ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Cost And Benefit ◽  
Political Upheaval ◽  
Cost And Benefit Analysis ◽  
Global Zero ◽  
Two Stages

Under the new premiership of Najib Razak in 2009, a fatwa obligating female circumcision for all Muslim women in Malaysia was issued. It was issued following the 2008 “Political Tsunami” despite the heightened promotion of global zero tolerance towards the practice. The dilemma between adhering to Malaysia’s obligation under CEDAW and CRC and the need to regain control amidst domestic political upheaval has led the fatwa to be left on impasse, until date. Thus, this article aims to find the reason behind the Malaysian government’s decision to leave the fatwa on the impasse focusing on two stages of public policy analysis. The analysis of cost and benefit in the policy formulation stage has resulted in equal cost and benefit to each policy option –to accept or reject the fatwa. The result of the equal cost and benefit analysis is also due to the variety of actors in the decision-making process with different positions, interests and bargaining positions. From using a rational model of the decision-making process, the reason why the Malaysian government leaves the fatwa on impasse was driven by the Malaysian goal under Najib Razak, which required not only domestic stability but also vast international support.

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