The replacement of generations in Serbia in the period 1950-2000

Stanovnistvo ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 45-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goran Penev
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Demographic Analysis ◽  
Period Analysis ◽  
Net Reproduction

The article deals with the replacement of generations in Serbia, its dynamics in the second half of the 20th century, and the importance of direct determinants. It points to the major regional differences in the domain of the population reproduction among the large areas of Serbia (Central Serbia, Vojvodina, and Kosovo-Metohija). Two approaches of demographic analysis were applied: period and cohort analysis. Basic indicators, definitions, and shortcomings were presented. The results of the period analysis indicate that up until 1988 (with the exceptions of 1957 and 1981), the fertility in Serbia constantly reached a level of fertility necessary to ensure the replacement. Since 1989, the net reproduction rate has constantly been below unity. In Central Serbia and Vojvodina, the population has not been reproducing itself for more than 45 years (since 1956). The situation has been completely different in Kosovo-Metohija, where fertility has been above the level necessary to ensure reproduction during the entire second half of 20th century. The cohort analysis applied to six chosen generations (birth cohort of 1950, 1955, 1960, 1965, 1970, and 1975) indicates that in Serbia, only women born in 1960 ensured the replacement. In Central Serbia and Vojvodina, none of the studied generations succeeded in ensuring the replacement, while in Kosovo-Metohija all generations did.

scholarly journals Cohort analysis of the state of female genital cutting in Nigeria: prevalence, daughter circumcision and attitude towards its discontinuation

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Babatunde M. Gbadebo ◽  
Adetokunbo T. Salawu ◽  
Rotimi F. Afolabi ◽  
Mobolaji M. Salawu ◽  
Adeniyi F. Fagbamigbe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Female Genital Cutting ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Bodily Integrity ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Female Children ◽  
Genital Cutting ◽  
Female Genital

Abstract Background Female genital cutting (FGC) inflicts life-long injuries on women and their female children. It constitutes a violation of women’s fundamental human rights and threats to bodily integrity. Though decreasing, the practice is high and widespread in Nigeria despite efforts towards its eradication. This study was conducted to perform cohort analysis of the state of FGC between the years 2009 and 2018 in Nigeria. Results The study found that that FGC has reduced over the years from 56.3% among the 1959–1963 birth cohort to 25.5% among 1994–1998 cohorts but a rise in FGC between 1994–1998 cohorts and 1999–2003 cohorts (28.4%). The percentage of respondents who circumcised their daughters reduced from 40.1% among the oldest birth cohort to 3.6% among the younger cohort. Birth-cohort, religion, education, residence, region, and ethnicity were associated with FGC. Factors associated with the daughter’s circumcision were birth-cohort, religion, residence, region, ethnicity, wealth, marital status, FGC status of the respondent, and FGC required by religion. Similar factors were found for discontinuation intention. Conclusions The practice of FGC is still high but decreasing among younger birth-cohorts in Nigeria. There is no significant change in the perception of the discontinuation of FGC. More awareness about the adverse effects of FGC, particularly among women with poor education in Nigeria will greatly reduce this cultural menace’s timely eradication.

scholarly journals Inequality in hospitalization due to non-communicable diseases in Sweden: Age-cohort analysis of the Uppsala Birth Cohort Multigenerational Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 100741
Author(s):  
Dawid Gondek ◽  
George B. Ploubidis ◽  
Muhammad Zakir Hossin ◽  
Menghan Gao ◽  
David Bann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Age Cohort ◽  
Multigenerational Study

Ambient Humidity Affects Development, Survival, and Reproduction of the Invasive Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Limei He ◽  
Shengyuan Zhao ◽  
Abid Ali ◽  
Shishuai Ge ◽  
Kongming Wu
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Ambient Humidity ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Population Forecasting ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Net Reproduction

Abstract Ambient humidity can directly affect the water balance in insects. The migratory fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda Smith, has spread to more than 60 countries and regions in Africa, Asia, and Oceania that have a great difference in average ambient humidity. Understanding the effects of ambient humidity changes on its development, survival, and reproduction can help to predict its population dynamics in different habitats. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of atmospheric relative humidity (RH) on the development, survival, and reproduction and soil moisture on the pupation and emergence of fall armyworm. As a result, survival and pupal mass increased significantly with increasing RH. Among the five RHs tested, 80% RH was the most suitable for fall armyworm with the highest intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and net reproduction rate (R0). The population growth at the different RHs in decreasing order was 80 > 100 > 60 > 40 > 20%. A relative moisture (RM) of soil from 6.80 to 47.59% was suitable for fall armyworm pupation, survival, and eclosion, but fall armyworm could not pupate normally in soil with 88.39 and 95.19% RM. The survival and emergence rate of fall armyworm pupae were reduced by irrigation that increased the RM after the mature larvae entered the soil. These findings may be helpful for refining laboratory rearing protocols, population forecasting, and management of fall armyworm.

scholarly journals A century of sexual abuse victimisation: A birth cohort analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 270 ◽  
pp. 113574
Author(s):  
Janet Fanslow ◽  
Ladan Hashemi ◽  
Pauline Gulliver ◽  
Tracey McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Birth Cohort Analysis

scholarly journals Influence of birth cohort on age of onset cluster analysis in bipolar I disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bauer ◽  
T. Glenn ◽  
M. Alda ◽  
O.A. Andreassen ◽  
E. Angelopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Cohort Effect ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Mixture Analysis ◽  
Bipolar I Disorder ◽  
Model Based Clustering ◽  
Birth Cohort Effect

AbstractPurpose:Two common approaches to identify subgroups of patients with bipolar disorder are clustering methodology (mixture analysis) based on the age of onset, and a birth cohort analysis. This study investigates if a birth cohort effect will influence the results of clustering on the age of onset, using a large, international database.Methods:The database includes 4037 patients with a diagnosis of bipolar I disorder, previously collected at 36 collection sites in 23 countries. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to adjust the data for country median age, and in some models, birth cohort. Model-based clustering (mixture analysis) was then performed on the age of onset data using the residuals. Clinical variables in subgroups were compared.Results:There was a strong birth cohort effect. Without adjusting for the birth cohort, three subgroups were found by clustering. After adjusting for the birth cohort or when considering only those born after 1959, two subgroups were found. With results of either two or three subgroups, the youngest subgroup was more likely to have a family history of mood disorders and a first episode with depressed polarity. However, without adjusting for birth cohort (three subgroups), family history and polarity of the first episode could not be distinguished between the middle and oldest subgroups.Conclusion:These results using international data confirm prior findings using single country data, that there are subgroups of bipolar I disorder based on the age of onset, and that there is a birth cohort effect. Including the birth cohort adjustment altered the number and characteristics of subgroups detected when clustering by age of onset. Further investigation is needed to determine if combining both approaches will identify subgroups that are more useful for research.

Regional differences in birth size: a comparison between the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study and contemporaneous births on the Åland Islands

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sandboge ◽  
J. Fellman ◽  
P. M. Nilsson ◽  
A. W. Eriksson ◽  
C. Osmond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Characteristics

The Åland Islands were recently ranked as Finland’s healthiest region with lower prevalence of several non-communicable diseases compared with the national mean. We have compared birth characteristics of 1697 individuals born on the Åland Islands between 1937 and 1944 with contemporaneous data from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study (HBCS;n=11,808). This is a first step towards a potential future analysis of Ålandic health from a life-course perspective. Mean birth weight and length were calculated for both cohorts. Birth weight was entered into a multiple linear regression model with sex, maternal age, marital status and birth year as predictors. Mean birth weight in the Åland cohort was 3499 g, 87 g (95% CI 62; 111) higher compared with the HBCS. Sex and maternal marital status were the strongest predictors of birth weight. More detailed studies are needed to explore the potential effects of this difference in average birth weight between cohorts.

scholarly journals Prevalence of sexual experience among Korean adolescent: age-period-cohort analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e2020008
Author(s):  
Yongho Jee ◽  
Gyuyoung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Sexual Experience ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sexual Content ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Early Sexual Initiation

OBJECTIVES: Since exposure to sexual content and early sexual initiation among adolescents have become serious social issues in Korea, an in-depth analysis of trends in the prevalence of sexual experience among Korean adolescents is necessary to project the trends and policies required for the next 10 years. The objective of this study was to identify the contributions of age, period, and birth cohort effects on the prevalence of sexual experience in Korean adolescents.METHODS: We analyzed age-specific, period-specific, and birth cohort–specific trends in the prevalence of sexual experience among 911,502 adolescents (469,593 boys, 51.5%; 441,909 girls, 48.5%) aged 12 years to 17 years from the 2006 to 2017 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey. Joinpoint regression analysis was conducted to examine significant changes in the prevalence of sexual experience and to find the optimal number and location of places where trends changed.RESULTS: The prevalence of sexual experience generally increased with age in all periods in both boys and girls. In boys, the prevalence of sexual experience increased in recent periods, especially in the age group of 12-13 years, while the prevalence of sexual experience decreased in the age group of 16-17 years. In girls, the age group of 12-13 years showed an increased prevalence of sexual experience in recent periods. However, the prevalence showed a decreasing trend in the age group of 16-17 years.CONCLUSIONS: In boys and girls, sexual experience increased with age, although this tendency has slowed in recent cohorts. Therefore, early sex education is needed.

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