scholarly journals Study on thermal insulation of liquefied natural gas cryogenic road tanker

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (Suppl. 4) ◽  
pp. 1381-1391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Lisowski ◽  
Filip Lisowski
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Insulation System ◽  
Heat Leakage ◽  
Insulation Systems ◽  
Natural Gas Transport ◽  
Cost Of Materials ◽  
Transient Thermal

The tanks designed for liquefied natural gas transport must be thermally insulated from the environment due to the low condensing temperature of the gas. The effectiveness of thermal insulation significantly affects the tank's operating parameters and its operating costs. As there is no perfect insulation, there is a need for analyses that would determine its suitability in specific applications. In this paper the issue of heat transfer through double-walled cryogenic tanks with evacuated insulation system was discussed. Afterwards the study of insulation variants of liquefied natural gas cryogenic road tanker was presented. The use of several layers of insulation made of modern and efficient materials such as aero-gel and fiberglass or the use of multi-layer isolation has been considered and compared to the use of perlite powder. The heat flux through insulation systems was tested for different variants of evacuated insulation under residual gas pressure of 10-1 Pa, 10-3 Pa, and 100 kPa. Finally, for selected insulation variants, the heat leakage was tested for 50 m3 liquefied natural gas road tanker. The investigation of heat-flow for the transient thermal analysis was performed by applying finite element method. The aim of the study was to determine the variant of insulation system with the relatively low heat leakage to the tank and low cost of materials and vacuum production.

scholarly journals The Analysis of Small Investors’ Demands on a Thermal Insulation System for a Family House: A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2491
Author(s):  
Alena Tažiková ◽  
Zuzana Struková ◽  
Mária Kozlovská
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Construction Cost ◽  
Environmental Cost ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Insulation System ◽  
Insulation Systems ◽  
Small Investors ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Family House

This study deals with small investors’ demands on thermal insulation systems when choosing the most suitable solution for a family house. By 2050, seventy percent of current buildings, including residential buildings, are still expected to be in operation. To reach carbon neutrality, it is necessary to reduce operational energy consumption and thus reduce the related cost of building operations and the cost of the life cycle of buildings. One solution is to adapt envelopes of buildings by proper insulation solutions. To choose an optimal thermal insulation system that will reduce energy consumption of building, it is necessary to consider the environmental cost of insulation materials in addition to the construction cost of the materials. The environmental cost of a material depends on the carbon footprint from the initial origin of the material. This study presents the results of a multi-criteria decision-making analysis, where five different contractors set the evaluation criteria for selection of the optimal thermal insulation system. In their decision-making, they involved the requirements of small investors. The most common requirements were selected: the construction cost, the construction time (represented by the total man-hours), the thermal conductivity coefficient, the diffusion resistance factor, and the reaction to fire. The confidences of the criteria were then determined with the help of the pairwise comparison method. This was followed by multi-criteria decision-making using the method of index coefficients, also known as the method of basic variant. The multi-criteria decision-making included thermal insulation systems based on polystyrene, mineral wool, thermal insulation plaster, and aerogels’ nanotechnology. As a result, it was concluded that, currently, in Slovakia, small investors emphasize the cost of material and the coefficient of thermal conductivity and they do not care as much about the carbon footprint of the material manufacturing, the importance of which is mentioned in this study.

Comparative study on thermodynamic characteristics of composite thermal insulation systems with liquid methane, oxygen, and hydrogen

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Xiafan Xu ◽  
Jianpeng Zheng ◽  
Hao Xu ◽  
Liubiao Chen ◽  
Junjie Wang
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Thermodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
System Structure ◽  
Insulation System ◽  
Optimal Position ◽  
Heat Leakage ◽  
Cryogenic Liquids ◽  
Liquid Methane

Abstract Composite passive insulation technology has been proved to be an effective method to reduce heat leakage into the cryogenic storage tank. However, the current related research mainly focused on liquid hydrogen (LH2). The thermophysical properties of different cryogenic liquids and the thermal insulation materials at different temperatures are significantly different, so whether the results related to LH2 are applicable to other cryogenic liquids remains to be further determined. In fact, the insulation technology of LH2 itself also needs further study. In this paper, a thermodynamic calculation model of a composite insulation system including hollow glass microspheres (HGMs), multilayer insulation (MLI), and self-evaporating vapor cold shield (VCS) has been established. The accuracy of the calculation model was verified by the experimental results, and a comparative study on thermodynamic characteristics of the composite thermal insulation system with liquid methane, liquid oxygen (LO2), and LH2 was carried out. The results show that the heat leakage reduction of the proposed system for liquid methane, LO2 and LH2 is 25.6%, 29.7% and 64.9% respectively compared to the traditional SOFI+MLI system (1*10−3 Pa). The type of liquid and the insulation system structure has a relatively large influence on the VCS optimal position. While for a specific insulation system structure, the insulation material thickness, storage pressure, and hot boundary temperature have a weak influence on the VCS optimal position.

Electrical Insulation System Degradation Sensors: Improving Reliability of Power Generation and Distribution

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth S. Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Actual Condition ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Sensor Output ◽  
Insulation System ◽  
Conductive Composite ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Insulation Systems

As insulation systems of power system components such as electrical motors, generators and transformers degrade, they become brittle, crack and, eventually, fail to perform their intended function. Failure of the insulation system of these components often leads to costly power interruptions that could be prevented if the actual condition of the insulation system is known. The degradation mechanisms of modern insulation systems are highly dependent on the actual environmental and operational conditions of the component. Current methods to measure insulation system condition are often complex, expensive and require specialized training to interpret. In contrast, conductive composite sensors made of the same polymeric components as the insulation system itself monitor the actual environmentally and operationally induced degradation of the component insulation and provide a quick, objective indication of the current condition and remaining design life of the insulation. This innovative technology utilizes low-cost, inert conductive particles compounded with a portion of the insulation polymer to provide a tiny degradation sensor embedded into the winding, core or stator of the component. Sensor output correlates with the degraded state of the insulation system relative to standard industry thermal endurance testing, giving advanced warning of a degraded condition of the insulation system before design conditions are exceeded. Maintenance personnel, utilizing a simple ohmmeter, can read sensor output quickly and reliably without specialized equipment or training. Alternately, threshold-warning devices connected to the sensor provide constant monitoring. Conductive composite degradation sensors provide advance warning of prematurely degraded insulation systems and reduce the need for complex, intrusive and sometimes destructive electrical testing. Because conductive composite degradation sensors require no electrical power during the aging process, they are ideally suited to wireless, passive radio frequency identification (RFID), and “smart label” technologies.

Latin America's LNG drive could quickly lose momentum

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Weather Phenomenon ◽  
Gas Balance

Subject Energy diversification efforts. Significance The El Nino weather phenomenon has laid bare the vulnerabilities of South America's dependence on hydropower. Gas has been the primary back-up, and liquefied natural gas (LNG) import capacity a strategic necessity (one which the northern part of the continent lacks). However, a recovery in Argentine gas production could eventually change the region's current gas balance, while the growth of renewables offers a new, indigenous, low-cost energy source. Impacts Investment in LNG import capacity and gas storage will continue. However, facilities face the threat of low utilisation as renewables capacity and domestic gas production increases. As one of the cheapest forms of electricity generation with a large amount of unexploited resource, hydropower will expand. States will gradually look towards other forms of system flexibility and grid resilience.

A new approach to value creation – stranded gas resource commercialisation via low-cost small scale floating LNG projects

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 516
Author(s):  
Daein Cha
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Cost Development ◽  
Development Concept

There are ~240 discovered, but stranded, offshore gas resources within the range of ~0.5 to 5.0 trillion cubic feet (TCF) of estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) of which ~40 such fields, representing 65 TCF of EUR, resides within Australian jurisdiction. Operators are challenged to commercialise these gas resources due to several factors such as: • lack of materiality within their oil and gas resource portfolio, • remote location, and • lack of a low-cost development concept. For such resources, a predetermined low-cost, small scale (∼1.0 million tonnes per annum production capacity) floating liquefied natural gas vessel and subsea wells tie-back development concept can be deployed to achieve commercialisation. Furthermore, the following should be promoted for the adoption to commercialise such gas resources: • target breakeven liquefied natural gas (LNG) price as a key metric to confirm fit of the resource and the development concept, • innovative financing and commercial structures to be co-developed among key stakeholders to enable project development within the constraint of a target breakeven LNG price, and • differentiated LNG offtake value proposition for securing LNG offtake contracts that underpin project bankability.

Low Cost Solution to Increase the C2 & C3 Product Recovery from LNG Feed

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharmila Gunasekaran ◽  
Avi Jakkulwar ◽  
Samit Pradhan ◽  
Farukh Bilgrami ◽  
Partha Sengupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Operating Parameter ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Throughput Rate ◽  
Design Capacity ◽  
Product Generation ◽  
Feed Temperature

Abstract An operating methane/ethane recovery plant from Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) feed was facing limitations to process design throughput due to a variation in operating parameter of LNG feed. About 92% of design capacity of LNG feed is only being processed as flooding is observed inside the Demethanizer column, eventually leading to tripping of the plant. The limitations in the throughput has direct implication on the revenue as lesser throughput reduces the product generation. Various field trials were attempted within the existing setup to increase the throughput to the plant, however the throughout could not be increased. Operating an LNG plant is comparatively complex due to its unique characteristics, as even one degree change in the temperature has effect on the liquid vaporization. To achieve the design feed throughput rate, as a permanent solution, the temperature of the feed before entering the demethanizer column has to be increased. Various locations for increasing the temperature in the plant were studied in this paper. The identification of location for preheating plays an important role in the costing. For every one degree Celsius increase in the feed temperature, the duty of the exchanger increases three folds. This paper explains the low cost solutions to increase the throughput to the plant, thereby increasing the product generation of C2, C3 products from LNG feed prior to regasification.

Development of Out-Wall External Thermal Insulation System Based on Rock-Wool

2012 ◽  
Vol 174-177 ◽  
pp. 1589-1592
Author(s):  
Ming Gang Xu ◽  
Xu Wang ◽  
Zhuo Wei Ding
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Thermal Conductivity Coefficient ◽  
Outer Wall ◽  
Sound Insulation ◽  
Insulation System ◽  
Stable Chemical ◽  
Insulation Systems ◽  
Saving Measure ◽  
Insulation Performance ◽  
Rock Wool

The outer-wall thermal insulation system has been wide used in civil engineering as an effective energy-saving measure. At present, the organic flammable thermal insulation materials such as EPS and XPS are used in outer-wall thermal insulation system in China, which leads to great fire damage probably. The rock-wool is described in detail on its merits such as good thermal insulation performance, good sound insulation performance, light weight, low thermal conductivity coefficient, incombustibility, innocuity and stable chemical capability. Two popular outer-wall external thermal insulation systems are introduced. The construction sequence of the outer-wall external thermal insulation system with rock-wool slabs, mortar and thin layer plastering technology is described.

scholarly journals Testing of biocidal properties of thermal insulation system during material life cycle

2021 ◽  
Vol 1205 (1) ◽  
pp. 012022
Author(s):  
I Kukletova ◽  
I Chromkova
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
Accelerated Ageing ◽  
Insulation System ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Biological Attack ◽  
Time Problem ◽  
Insulation Systems ◽  
Short Time

Abstract With the growing number of realized thermal insulation systems, fast growing number of buildings with facades attacked by microorganisms occurs. Such surface attack can occur even in the first years after thermal insulation completion, and it can be a serious problem in a very short time. Problem is both in realization and maintaining of thermal insulation, and directly in the used material. The paper presents results of laboratory experiments on resistance to biological attack, carried out for five commercial materials available on the Czech market. Before the experiments, materials were subjected to accelerated ageing for 4 and 10 years. Resistance testing comprises regulated application of algae and mould strains on samples and incubation in a defined environment. Materials resistant after ageing simulation of the longer time period were found as well as materials susceptible to attack already after completion of a facade set.

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