scholarly journals Toxicokinetics and correlation of carbamazepine salivary and serum concentrations in acute poisonings

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 389-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snezana Djordjevic ◽  
Vesna Kilibarda ◽  
Slavica Vucinic ◽  
Tomislav Stojanovic ◽  
Biljana Antonijevic
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Therapeutic Application ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Therapeutic Doses

Background/Aim. Saliva is a body fluid which, like serum, can be used for determination of concentrations of certain drugs, both in pharmacotherapy as well as in acute poisonings. The aim of this study was to determine carbamazepine concentrations in both saliva and serum in acute poisoning in order to show if there is a correlation between the obtained values, as well as to monitor toxicokinetics of carbamazepine in body fluides. Methods. Saliva and serum samples were obtained from 26 patients treated with carbamazepine and 20 patients acutely poisoned by the drug immediately after their admission in the Emergency Toxicology Unit. Determination of salivary and serum carbamazepine concentrations was performed by the validated high pressure liquid chromatographyultraviolet (HPLC-UV) method. Results. A significant correlation of salivary and serum carbamazepine concentrations in both therapeutic application and acute poisoning (r = 0.9481 and 0.9117, respectively) was confirmed. In acute poisonings the mean ratio between salivary and serum concentrations of carbamazepine (0.43) was similar to the mean ratio after its administration in therapeutic doses (0.39), but there were high inter-individual variations in carbamazepine concentrations in the acutely poisoned patients, as a consequence of different ingested doses of the drug. In acute poisoning the halftime of carbamazepine in saliva and serum was 12.57 h and 6.76 h, respectively. Conclusion. Our results suggest a possible use of saliva as an alternative biological material for determination of carbamazepine concentrations in therapeutic application and acute poisoning as well, and a possible extrapolation of the results obtained in saliva to serum concentrations of carbamazepine.

The Determination of Thiamine in Small Amounts of Whole Blood and Serum by a Simplified Thiochrome Method

1965 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 617-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Than Myint ◽  
Harold B Houser
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Adsorption Column ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Sample Dilution ◽  
Low Serum

Abstract This simplified thiochrome method for the determination of thiamine eliminates deproteinization, sample dilution (other than reagent), and purification by adsorption column; pH need not be adjusted as it is automatically controlled. The method depends upon the hydrolysis of whole blood and serum with N HCI, N/10 HCI, and diastase enzyme. Reproducibility was good; the mean differences (± S.D.) between duplicate blood and serum samples were 2.36 ± 2.87 and 1.5 ± 1.70 mµg./ml., respectively. Recovery of added thiamine ranged from 94 to 104% with a mean of 99.5 ± 3.41%. Storage of hydrolysates for 30 days did not change the results, and low serum concentrations could be measured in serum. Whole blood and serum values of thiamine in 44 healthy adults ranged from 11.3 to 47.8 mµg./ml. (mean, 29.3) and from trace amounts to 20.5 mµg./ml. (mean, 10.2), respectively.

Determination of plasma procainamide and N-acetylprocainamide concentration by high-pressure liquid chromatography.

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1318-1320 ◽  
Author(s):  
J S Dutcher ◽  
J M Strong
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Antiarrhythmic Drug ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Active Metabolite ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Routine Method ◽  
Simple Extraction ◽  
The Mean

Abstract We describe a routine method for determining concentrations of the antiarrhythmic drug procainamide and its active metabolite, N-acetylprocainamide, in plasma. A simple extraction of 1.0 ml of plasma is followed by separation and chromatographic analysis by use of a column containing microparticulate silica. p-nitro-N-(2-diethylaminoethyl)benzamide hydrochloride was synthesized and used as the internal standard. Total chromatographic time is only 7 min. The day-to-day CV during three months of daily use was less than 4% of the mean for each compound, and we saw no deterioration in column performance during this time. Phenobarbital, phenytoin, lidocaine, primidone, methsuximide, quinidine, and their metabolites do not interfere.

High Pressure Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Theobromine and Caffeine in Cocoa and Chocolate Products: Collaborative Study

1980 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-594
Author(s):  
Wesley R kreiser ◽  
Robert A Martin ◽  
◽  
R Bigornia ◽  
R Bond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
High Pressure Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Determination ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Abstract Four duplicate samples of cocoa-containing materials, a practice sample, and standards were submitted to the collaborators for theobromine and caffeine analysis by HPLC. In the method the samples are defatted with petroleum ether, and dried. The fat-free residue is then extracted with water and an aliquot is injected into the chromatograph. Compounds are quantitated by comparison with internal or external standards, either by peak height or peak area. Results for all the analyses showed that few of the values were more than 2 standard deviations from the mean. The method has been adopted as official first action.

Immunoneutralization and immunocytochemical localization of inhibin α subunit during the mid-luteal phase in the stump-tailed macaque

1992 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Fraser ◽  
K. B. Smith ◽  
S. F. Lunn ◽  
G. M. Cowen ◽  
K. Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Treatment Cycle ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Late Luteal Phase ◽  
Early Follicular Phase

ABSTRACT The putative endocrine role of inhibin in the control of FSH secretion during the luteal phase in the primate was investigated by immunoneutralization. Antisera against the 1–23 amino acid sequence of the N-terminus of the human inhibin α subunit were raised in a ewe and three macaques. Antisera (10–20 ml) were administered to macaques on day 8/9 of the luteal phase and serum samples collected during the treatment cycle and post-treatment cycle for determination of FSH, oestradiol and progesterone. In addition, localization of inhibin within the macaque ovary at this stage of the luteal phase was investigated using the ovine antiserum. Intense immunostaining was localized within the granulosa-lutein cells of the corpus luteum with absence of staining in the thecalutein cells or other ovarian compartments. Administration of antisera was without significant effect on serum concentrations of FSH when compared with control animals, either during the first 24 h of detailed observation or for the following 10-day period of the late luteal phase and subsequent early follicular phase. These results provide further evidence that the corpus luteum is the major source of inhibin immunoreactivity during the primate menstrual cycle, but fail to support an endocrine role for inhibin in the suppression of FSH secretion. Journal of Endocrinology (1992) 133, 341–347

scholarly journals Determination of serum triglycerides by an accurate enzymatic method not affected by free glycerol.

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1227-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
D R Sullivan ◽  
Z Kruijswijk ◽  
C E West ◽  
M Kohlmeier ◽  
M B Katan
Keyword(s):  
Free Glycerol ◽  
Glycerol Phosphate ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Target Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Aqueous Detergent ◽  
Subsequent Addition ◽  
Enzymatic Procedure

Abstract In this automated single-run enzymatic procedure for specific determination of triglycerides in serum, free glycerol is removed from the reaction mixture by pre-incubation with glycerol phosphate oxidase and peroxidase. The subsequent addition of lipase and the chromogen, 4-aminoantipyrine, results in the formation of color proportional to the amount of triglycerides in serum. Standards containing triolein in aqueous detergent are used to calibrate the method. For serum pools from the Centers for Disease Control with target values of 0.74, 1.41, and 2.63 mmol/L, the method produced biases of +0.01, -0.05, and 0.00 mmol/L, respectively (mean: -0.01 mmol/L or -0.4%). The mean coefficient of variation was 1.4% within and 2.5% between days; the combined CV, 2.9%. Ninety 6-microL serum samples can be analyzed per hour. The method is more accurate and precise than one based on an NADH-coupled enzyme system with separate addition of lipase.

High Pressure Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Major Organic Acids in Cranberry Juice

1978 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1490-1492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elia D Coppola ◽  
Edward C Conrad ◽  
Richard Cotter
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Cranberry Juice ◽  
High Pressure Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Method ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Determination ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Abstract A reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatographic method is presented for the simultaneous separation and determination of quinic, malic, and citric acids in single strength, undiluted cranberry juice. After a 1:10 dilution and cleanup through a disposable column, major organic acids in cranberry juice are separated on a Bondapak/C18 column and quantitated by using a differential refractometer. Twenty-seven samples of different single strength cranberry juice were analyzed using this method; the mean content of quinic, malic, and citric acids were 1.32 (std dev. 0.150), 0.92 (std dev. 0.079), and 1.08% (std dev. 0.111), respectively. Mean percent recoveries of each acid were quinic 95.4 (std dev. 6.8), malic 96.6 (std dev. 5.8), and citric 94.0% (std dev. 4.8).

scholarly journals Analytical evaluation of Kone Microlyte determination of ionized magnesium

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
H E van Ingen ◽  
H J Huijgen ◽  
W T Kok ◽  
G T Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Analytical Evaluation ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Ionized Magnesium ◽  
Carrier Liquid ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Concentration Range ◽  
Induced Changes

Abstract We performed an analytical evaluation of a commercially available instrument for determining ionized magnesium through use of a neutral carrier, liquid-membrane-based ion-selective electrode. Reproducibility (CV 2-4%), linearity (0.30-2.50 mmol/L), lower limit of detection (0.30 mmol/L), and absence of interference from Ca2+ indicate adequate performance for measuring ionized magnesium in plasma or serum samples in the normal to high-concentration range. Sodium in excess of 150 mmol/L caused a negative bias, which can be explained by ionic strength-induced changes in activity coefficients. The use of heparin as an anticoagulant must be restricted to concentrations < 15 units/mL because of the binding of magnesium to heparin. The mean +/- SD concentration of ionized magnesium and its fraction of total magnesium in 76 healthy volunteers were 0.56 +/- 0.05 mmol/L and 0.65 +/- 0.04, respectively.

High Serum Concentrations of Aflatoxin in Nepal as Measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Serum Assay

1990 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.W. Denning ◽  
J.A. Sykes ◽  
A.P. Wilkinson ◽  
M.R.A. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Body Fluid ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Degree Of Contamination ◽  
Serum Assay ◽  
Aflatoxin B

1 Sera from 28 Nepalis, both patients and workers in a hospital in Banepa, Nepal were examined for AFB1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 2 This assay, previously validated using spiked sera, provides a sensitive rapid determination of serum aflatoxin (B1, G1 and Q1). 3 All 28 sera were positive with concentrations from 60 pg ml-1 to 10 ng ml-1 . 4 These results suggest that consumption of aflatoxin in Nepal is high (> 50-800 ng kg -1 d-1). 5 No reports of the degree of contamination of food, human consumption or body fluid concentrations of aflatoxin in Nepal have been previously published. 6 Aflatoxin may contribute to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, which is probably a common tumour in Nepal.

Bone Age in Children with Minimal Brain Dysfunction

1974 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 1127-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Oettinger ◽  
Lawrence V. Majovski ◽  
George A. Limbeck ◽  
Ronald Gauch
Keyword(s):  
Bone Age ◽  
Brain Dysfunction ◽  
Social Planning ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Minimal Brain Dysfunction ◽  
Left Wrist ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Very High

53 children diagnosed as having minimal brain dysfunction by the criteria of Clements had X-rays of their left wrist and hand for the determination of bone age. All X-rays were read independently by three physicians skilled in radiology. The films were read blind, that is, sex and case numbers but not age were available. The degree of inter-rater reliability was very high ( r = 0.87). Bone age for the minimal brain dysfunction group was significantly retarded ( p < 0.01) compared with the standard group's norms. Bone ages of more than 2 SD below the mean occurred in 10 children, while only one child showed a bone age of more than 2 SD above the mean. Two-thirds of the children in the minimal brain dysfunction group fell below the mean of the standard norms. No correlation was found between bone age and thyroid level. These findings suggest that children diagnosed as having minimal brain dysfunction may be physiologically retarded in their bone age, although marked individual variations remain. The concept of physiological immaturity should be considered by professionals in the education and social planning for the child with minimal brain dysfunction.

Evaluation of the anti-factor Xa chromogenic assay for the measurement of rivaroxaban plasma concentrations using calibrators and controls

2012 ◽  
Vol 107 (02) ◽  
pp. 379-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genevieve Contant ◽  
Theodore Spiro ◽  
Elisabeth Perzborn ◽  
Céline Guinet ◽  
Yves Gourmelin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Plasma ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Factor Xa ◽  
Factor Xa Inhibitor ◽  
Chromogenic Assay ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Therapeutic Doses ◽  
Routine Coagulation

SummaryRivaroxaban is an oral, direct factor Xa inhibitor. Routine coagulation monitoring is not required, but a quantitative determination of rivaroxaban concentrations might be useful in some clinical circumstances. This multicentre study assessed the suitability of the anti-factor Xa chromogenic assay for the measurement of rivaroxaban plasma concentrations (ng/ml) using rivaroxaban calibrators and controls, and the inter-laboratory precision of the measurement. Twenty-four centres in Europe and North America were provided with sets of rivaroxaban calibrators (0, 41, 209 and 422 ng/ml) and a set of rivaroxaban pooled human plasma controls (20, 199 and 662 ng/ml; the concentrations were unknown to the participating laboratories). The evaluation was carried out over 10 days by each laboratory using local anti-factor Xa reagents as well as the centrally provided reagent, a modified STA® Rotachrom® assay. A calibration curve was produced each day, and the day-to-day precision was evaluated by testing three human plasma controls. When using the local anti-factor Xa reagents, the mean rivaroxaban concentrations (measured/actual values) were: 17/20, 205/199 and 668/662 ng/ml, and the coefficient of variance (CV) was 37.0%, 13.7% and 14.1%, respectively. When the modified STA Rotachrom method was used, the measured/actual values were: 18/20, 199/199 and 656/662 ng/ml, and the CV was 19.1%, 10.9% and 10.0%, respectively. The results suggest that, by using rivaroxaban calibrators and controls, the anti-factor Xa chromogenic method is suitable for measuring a wide range of rivaroxaban plasma concentrations (20–660 ng/ml), which covers the expected rivaroxaban plasma levels after therapeutic doses.

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