Respect and Identity: Horizontal and Vertical Reference Points in Speech Acts

1998 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Boyer

This essay presumes the baroque texture of colonial Mexico in its multiple styles, voices, and peoples differentiated by race, ethnicity, locale, culture, place of origin, position, wealth, and clientele. It also presumes, using Marina S. Brownlee's words, a “selfreflective and distorting” tendency of baroque societies to spin off countercurrents and transpositions of dominant culture. “Profusion of detail, hierarchy, and contrast,” Irving Leonard's well traveled characterization of the Mexican baroque, could not be confined easily to fixed orderings and orthodoxies. From the first, in fact, the project to order the colony created more rather than less diversity by “introduc[ing] new, upsetting influences.” These influences—new cultural valuations, “a new, exclusive religion, and new laws and procedures”— may have “unified a congeries of independent states and empires.” But they also combined in different ways, rates, and degrees with pre-existing and newly emerging political and cultural forms. Not as a uniform flood plain but as diverse sedimentations, the colony was formed by back-eddies and cross currents more than a single stream.

2021 ◽  
pp. 155545892110377
Author(s):  
Corinne Brion

Although family engagement is crucial to student and community outcomes, schools often alienate families who are not part of the dominant culture. As a result, school leaders need to become culturally proficient to systematically engage all families equitably regardless of their race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and other cultural identifiers. This teaching case study raises issues related to cultural proficiency and family engagement. To help current and future educational leaders foster family engagement, I provide a cultural proficiency for family and community engagement framework. I also pose questions designed to trigger conversations and find practical solutions related to equitable family engagement.


Author(s):  
ELEN VILLEGAS CAMPOS ◽  
Geanlucas Mendes Monteiro ◽  
Elenir Rose Jardim Cury Pontes ◽  
Liane de Rosso Giuliani

Phenylketonuria is an inborn error of autosomal recessive genetic metabolism, with partial or total deficiency of the hepatic enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, which converts L-phenylalanine into tyrosine, causing accumulation of phenylalanine at brain and serum levels, interfering with brain protein synthesis causing several damages. This study aimed to characterize patients diagnosed with phenylketonuria at the Neonatal Screening Reference Service from 2008 to 2017. Cross-sectional analytical study with a quantitative approach with retrospective data collection from medical records and databases. Data were grouped as baby gender, date of birth, time of birth and neonatal screening examination collection, type of delivery, gestational age and prenatal status, place of origin, phenylketonuria classification and coverage rate of neonatal screening. The sample consisted of 14 patients, where 64% were male, all mothers had prenatal care and the percentage of cesarean delivery prevailed with 57.2%. Of these 85.7% reside in other states of the country and on the classification of the type of phenylketonuria 64.3% have mild phenylketonuria, as for the coverage rate there was a drop in the number of collections in the reference service. This research contributed to characterize the patient diagnosed with phenylketonuria, which allows greater knowledge about the disease carriers, as well as favoring the reduction of irreversible sequels, expenses and morbidity.


2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (02) ◽  
pp. 1550032 ◽  
Author(s):  
GORAN DIKIĆ ◽  
LJUBIŠA TOMIĆ ◽  
VESNA DAMNJANOVIĆ ◽  
BOJAN MILANOVIĆ

A characterization of cylindrical periodic subsurface defects of different sizes by means of pulsed thermography is presented in the paper. To ensure a uniform thermal flux distribution, the test samples were heated in lab conditions using two photographic flashes. Surface temperature was intentionally recorded at an angle to the normal of the sample surface. Recorded temperatures were compared with simulated temperatures and the differences in temperature peak values and temperature peak positions were noted. The thermal image was transformed based on known positions of four noncollinear points, in order to cancel out errors resulting from image recording at an angle. The uniformity of surface heating and the effect of the positions of the defects on the results were tested by means of a simulation model. The positions did not affect defect characterization. It was also found that in spite of nonuniform heating, if the reference points were selected properly, the difference in temperature contrast was negligible.


Author(s):  
Thomas Vienken ◽  
Manuel Kreck ◽  
Jörg Hausmann ◽  
Ulrike Werban ◽  
Peter Dietrich

Solving complex hydrogeological problems often requires a thorough understanding of (hydro-) geological subsurface conditions. This is especially true for sedimentary deposits with complex architecture, where lithology and/or hydraulic properties can significantly vary over short horizontal and vertical distances. At these sites, a traditional, solely sample-based investigation approach is often not applicable due to limited data accuracy, resolution, and efficiency. Instead, an adapted investigation approach is required that combines exploration technologies of different resolution and investigation scales. This paper aims to demonstrate the feasibility of such a multi-scale approach for the characterization of a test site near the city of Löbnitz, Germany, that is comprised of heterogeneous alluvial deposits. Our focus is on site characterization in terms of lithology and hydraulic properties, as well as on the delineation and characterization of an aggradated oxbow as a typical example of a small scale geological structure.


2015 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 693-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.S. Gasques ◽  
R.J. Graça ◽  
S.M.A.P. Prioli ◽  
R.M. Takemoto ◽  
A.J. Prioli

AbstractUrocleidoides ectoparasites are mainly found on fish of the neotropical regions. Although molecular research on monogeneans is available, no genetic data exist characterizing species in the Urocleidoides genus. Some DNA sequences have been efficacious in systematic studies and in the reconstruction of phylogenies of fish parasites. Relevant roles have been given to the sequence of the mitochondrial gene of cytochrome c oxidase I (COI). This study characterized COI sequences of the parasites Urocleidoides malabaricusi and U. cuiabai in trahira fish Hoplias aff. malabaricus of the flood plain of the Upper River Paraná, Brazil. The two species under analysis were distinguished by sequencing and analysing a 420-bp fragment of the COI gene, which suggested the existence of the cryptic species U. malabaricusi.


2017 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 194-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odenir de Almeida ◽  
Anderson Ramos Proença ◽  
Rodney Harold Self

Retos ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 694-701
Author(s):  
Sérgio Miguel Cardoso Mendes ◽  
Bruno Travassos ◽  
Ema Patrícia Oliveira

Resumo. O processo formativo de um árbitro é longo, complexo e seletivo. Só um número reduzido de indivíduos atinge um patamar excelência que possibilita a direção de jogos nas grandes competições internacionais. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar a carreira e o percurso dos árbitros portugueses de futebol que atingiram o nível de excelência e verificar as suas perceções sobre os fatores que estiveram na sua origem. Foram realizadas cinco entrevistas semiestruturadas junto de árbitros e ex-árbitros de futebol. Quatro deles atingiram a categoria de árbitro internacional de futebol e um deles, após ter abandonado a carreira de árbitro de futebol, atingiu a categoria de internacional no futsal. Foi adotado um design retrospetivo transversal. Após a recolha de dados procedeu-se a uma análise de conteúdo indutiva tendo emergido uma variedade de fatores pessoais e ambientais comuns a todos os participantes. Nos primeiros incluem-se os elementos de cariz: cognitivo, como o conhecimento do jogo, físicos, como a resistência ou a recuperação a fadiga, e psicológico, como a capacidade de regulação emocional. Nos fatores contextuais inserem-se, entre outros, a origem geográfica, a rede pessoal e institucional de apoio e o desenvolvimento de carreiras paralelas, como a académica ou a profissional. Os resultados sugerem que: 1) a carreira dos árbitros de futebol é marcada por quatro etapas distintas; 2) é possível identificar as exigências que definem a carreira de árbitros de futebol de excelência; 3) tendo por base as exigências identificadas, será possível melhorar o processo de formação e seleção dos árbitros de futebol.Resumen. La excelencia en el arbitraje del fútbol es un objetivo buscado apenas por un número reducido de árbitros. Para que un árbitro alcance este pedestal se enfrenta a una variedad de exigencias, dentro y fuera del campo, y supera innumerables etapas en una carrera con dos o tres décadas aproximadamente. Este estudio ha tenido como objetivo identificar, por un lado, la carrera y el trayecto de los árbitros de fútbol portugueses que consiguieron el nivel de excelencia y por otro verificar sus percepciones sobre los factores que les permitieron alcanzar este pedestal. Se realizaron cinco entrevistas semiestructuradas, adoptando un diseño retrospectivo trasversal, a árbitros y ex árbitros de fútbol que consiguieron la categoría de internacional de fútbol o de fútbol sala. Después de recoger los datos se procedió a un análisis inductivo y así emergieron una variedad de factores personales y ambientales comunes a todos los participantes. En los primeros se incluyen los elementos de carácter cognitivo, como el conocimiento del juego, físico y psicológico, como la capacidad de regulación emocional. En los factores contextuales se incluyen, entre otros, el origen geográfico, la red personal e institucional de apoyo y el desarrollo de carreras paralelas, como la académica o la profesional. Los resultados de la investigación: 1) Sugieren el dinamismo de la carrera de los árbitros de fútbol, a través de la influencia de los factores referidos, marcados por la exigencia de cuatro etapas distintas; 2) Permite una mejor caracterización de las exigencias que definen la carrera de un árbitro de fútbol; 3) Permiten ayudar a ajustar a las entidades que gestionan el arbitraje nacional el proceso de formación y selección de los árbitros de fútbol.Abstract. The excellence in soccer refereeing is a goal attained only by a small number of referees. For a referee to reach this level, he challenges several demands, both in and out of the field, and overcomes some stages in a career spanning approximately two to three decades. This study aimed to identify the career and the path/development of the Portuguese soccer referees who reached the level of excellence and assess their perceptions about the determinant/decisive factors to reach that level. Five semi-structured interviews were conducted with referees and former soccer referees who reached the international category, in football or futsal, using a transverse retrospective design. After finishing the data collection, an inductive analysis was carried out and a several personal and environmental common factors were identified. A list of these include: cognitive elements as the game’s knowledge/laws of the game knowledge, physical elements, as endurance, recovery and tiredness, and psychological elements, as the ability/skill of emotional regulation. In the context factors are included, among others, region/place of origin, personal and institutional network of support and the development of parallel careers, such as academic or professional. The results suggest/state: 1) the presence of four different stages in a football referee career; 2) allow a better characterization of the requirements that define excellence in the context of a football referee career; 3) allow national entities, responsible for the selection and training of football referees, to improve their processes/methods.


Author(s):  
Jacqueline Marie Pinkowitz

The group of Twilight antifans known as the Anti-Twilight Movement has constructed themselves as a safe "us" in relation to the threatening and inappropriate Other that they have defined through their characterization of "rabid" Twilight fans and antifans' "them." Fearful of a low ranking on the cultural hierarchy, they have created their own internal fan hierarchy that, according to cultural notions about the superiority of class, education, and the elite over the uneducated and the popular, as well as of the dismissability of girl culture, ensures the dominance and safety of their own affected rationality over the characterized emotional and excessive behavior of rabid Twilight fans and antifans. Part of the performance of such scholarly affectation involves appropriating discourses of academia into their literary criticism of Twilight, so as to overcome any negative connotations of excess or susceptibility to the mass media. Their often feminine-gendered constructions of rabid emotionality and irrationality, while also perhaps revealing some element of self-hatred, showcases a group of antifans attempting to assign the same policing and consequential narratives and discourses that have traditionally been assigned to fanatics by the dominant culture to certain "threatening" fans and antifans within their own community, the ultimate means of identity construction and self-preservation.


Author(s):  
John P. Rosa

Race and ethnicity are important analytical categories in Hawai‘i, but the issue of place can at times be more important to an individual in declaring his or her social/cultural identity. Outside observers may initially assess another person visually according to race/ethnicity – but follow up questions, often in Hawai‘i Creole, frequently ask about place of origin, neighborhoods, schools attended, and other matters inherently related to place. Such questions are indirect ways to ask about how long one’s family has been in the islands and whether or not a person has a working knowledge of Hawai‘i’s Native Hawaiian and local ways of life. As a geographically isolated archipelago, Hawai‘i had limited interactions with the outside world until the arrival of Captain James Cook in 1778, American missionaries in 1820, and the immigration of sugar plantation laborers since the 1850s. This essay argues that the islands’ current population consists of four broad groups that are partially defined by race/ethnicity, but also strongly determined by matters of place and historical circumstances. Kānaka Maoli (Native Hawaiians), Haole, Locals, and Others are four groups in contemporary Hawai‘i seeking to understand their individual and collective histories and place in the islands.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen Briesen

What do we mean by uttering aesthetic judgements, such as: "This is beautiful"? Are we merely expressing our enthusiasm, or do we rather describe objects as having properties that are mind-independent and objective? Can aesthetic judgments be true or false, and if so, does their respective truth value apply universally and absolutely, or does it need to be modified in some way? This book is dedicated to the task of answering these kinds of questions with respect to the meaning of aesthetic judgements, which also requires providing a metaphysical analysis of aesthetic properties. The book thus sets out to give a detailed account of both aesthetic judgements and aesthetic properties and defends this “combined approach” against various objections. The theory combines elements of a double-speech-act-theory, according to which voicing aesthetic statements involves performing two speech-acts simultaneously – an assertive act and an expressive act – with a response-dispositional characterization of aesthetic properties.


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