Military Justice in the German Air Force during World War II

When it attacked the USSR, Nazi Germany possessed signifi cant chemical weapons. Chemical support thus became one of the main kinds of operational (combat) support. Short-term course has been created for chemical service commanders and personnel chemical specialists training. The Red Army’s general attention was paid to the chemical defence measures, to eliminate the enemy manpower, weapons and military equipment by use of the fl amethrower and incendiary means, smoke screens were used to mask. Chemical detection and the prevention of chemical weapons use involved chemical, meteorological monitoring; chemical reconnaissance was provided mostly by chemical troops. It took a lot to provide troops with necessary chemical defence means. The fl amethrowers` mission was to burn the enemy out of long-term fi re facilities and fortifi ed buildings, to block strongholds, and to destroy tanks and armoured personnel carriers. Smoke screens were used to mask rear objects, important industrial facilities in cities, railway junctions, bridges and crossings. Smoke screens masking signifi cantly reduced the effectiveness of German air force bombing.

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Suburban Growth in the Atomic West

Vulcan ◽

10.1163/22134603-00201004 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 98-124

Author(s):

Layne Karafantis

Keyword(s):

World War Ii ◽

Air Force ◽

Economic Geography ◽

White Collar ◽

World War ◽

Housing Shortage ◽

Technological Complex ◽

Air Force Base ◽

The Town ◽

Middle Class Families

One company—Sandia Laboratories—transformed the economic geography, demographics, and future of postwar Albuquerque. Sandia’s construction and expansion during and after World War II drew thousands of educated newcomers to town while creating an instant housing shortage. After 1950, the growing presence of Sandia, nearby Kirtland Air Force Base, and the huge technological complex that emerged on the desolate foothills of the Sandia Mountains thrust Albuquerque northeastward in a new direction. Over time, this wave of suburbanization set the precedent for a northward building trend that, by the 1970s, would spill northwestward from Bernalillo into neighboring Sandoval County. It all began with Sandia. The so-called “science suburbs” of the 1950s and 1960s gradually filled the Northeast Heights with a new population of white-collar, upper-middle-class families and individuals that made Albuquerque a dynamic, modern city characterized by scientific research, higher education, and a strong federal presence. Local boosters used the introduction of the Lab to portray Duke City as a diverse metropolis, welcoming industry and growth. “Duke City” is a nickname for Albuquerque that hearkens to the Spanish Duke of Alburquerque for whom the town was named. The first “r” in Alburquerque was eventually dropped from the city’s name.

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When the Bombs Fell

Strange Bird ◽

10.12987/yale/9780300215687.003.0021 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Michele K. Troy

Keyword(s):

World War Ii ◽

Air Force ◽

Prime Minister ◽

World War ◽

Royal Air Force ◽

Joint Chiefs Of Staff ◽

Winston Churchill ◽

Strategic Bombing ◽

German Capital ◽

Franklin Roosevelt

This chapter examines how the Allied bombings of Germany affected the lives of people in the Albatross-Tauchnitz fold, particularly Max Christian Wegner and Walter Gey. To celebrate the tenth anniversary of Adolf Hitler's reign, the Nazi elite gathered with thousands of party loyalists on January 30, 1943 for an evening of rousing speeches at the Berlin Sportpalast. The Allies commemorated Hitler's tenth anniversary by sending Royal Air Force Mosquito light bombers on a daylight air raid on the German capital. For Prime Minister Winston Churchill, President Franklin Roosevelt, and the Joint Chiefs of Staff, this attack marked the beginning of the “strategic bombing” campaign they had agreed upon at the Casablanca Conference days earlier. This chapter considers Wegner's arrest and imprisonment at the height of World War II as well as Gey's efforts to make the best of the Albatross Press's ever-shrinking terrain.

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Fluorine-Containing Elastomers

Rubber Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.5254/1.3540290 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 34 (5) ◽

pp. 1521-1552 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

J. C. Montermoso

Keyword(s):

World War Ii ◽

Air Force ◽

Department Of Defense ◽

Low Temperatures ◽

Task Force ◽

The Arctic ◽

World War ◽

Arctic Regions ◽

Rubber Compounds ◽

Fuel Leakage

Abstract Fluoroprene, the first fluorine-containing elastomer, was developed by E. I. du Pont de Nemours … Company and reported by Mochel and others in 1948. However, intensive research to develop specialty rubbers from fluorocarbons was not started until the early 1950's. At the time, there was an urgent military need for fuel and chemical resistant rubbers for service under extremely low temperatures. Consequently, most of the fluorine-containing elastomers were the result of research conducted or sponsored by the Department of Defense. Army experiences in the Aleutians during World War II and in several task force operations in the Arctic regions showed, among others, that fuel hoses became brittle and cracked. Gaskets failed to function. On shipboard, the Navy was experiencing similar difficulties with rubber items. The Air Force, on the other hand, was being plagued with an epidemic of fuel leakage on many of its aircraft. The extraction of the plasticizers from the nitrile rubber compounds and the low temperature of the environment caused shrinkage of the seals and gaskets resulting in leakage of fuels. Obviously, a solution to these problems was to develop new fuel resistant rubbers which would be inherently flexible at extremely low temperatures.

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Trenchard and "Morale Bombing": The Evolution of Royal Air Force Doctrine Before World War II 1

Warfare in Europe 1919—1938 ◽

10.4324/9781315234335-9 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 193-220

Author(s):

Phillip S. Meilinger

Keyword(s):

World War Ii ◽

Air Force ◽

World War ◽

Royal Air Force

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White, Patrick (1912–1990)

Routledge Encyclopedia of Modernism ◽

10.4324/9781135000356-rem1146-1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Dorian Stuber

Keyword(s):

World War Ii ◽

Air Force ◽

Nobel Prize ◽

Boarding School ◽

World War ◽

Royal Air Force ◽

Army Officer ◽

Patrick White

Born in London to parents from established Australian families, Patrick White became one of Australia’s most influential writers, his career culminating in his receipt of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1973. After a sickly Australian childhood, he was sent to England in his early teens to attend boarding school, where he felt ostracized due to his colonial upbringing and his nascent homosexuality. After two years as a stockman on a ranch in Australia, White returned to England to attend Cambridge from 1932 to 1935, where he published his first works. He served in the Royal Air Force during World War II. While stationed in Egypt, White met a Greek army officer named Manoly Lascaris, who became his lifelong companion.

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Harold Garnet Callan. 5 March 1917 — 3 November 1993 Elected FRS 1963

Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society ◽

10.1098/rsbm.2003.0006 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 107-118

Author(s):

Joseph G. Gall

Keyword(s):

World War Ii ◽

Air Force ◽

Personal Information ◽

World War ◽

Royal Air Force ◽

Professional Career ◽

The Usa ◽

Chief Interest ◽

The University ◽

Insight Into

With the death of Harold Garnet (‘Mick’) Callan on 3 November 1993, the community of cell biologists lost one of the twentieth century's most profound and colourful students of chromosomes. During his 50-year scientific career the study of chromosomes and genes went from purely descriptive and morphological to deeply analytical and molecular. Steeped by training in the earlier tradition, Callan nevertheless contributed enormously to this revolution with his meticulous studies on the giant chromosomes of amphibians, all the while maintaining that he was a ‘mere cytologist’ on whom much of the molecular analysis was lost. Mick Callan and I were professional colleagues and close personal friends whose careers intersected at many points. We visited and worked in each other's laboratories, we published together, we generated a voluminous correspondence (much of it in the days when letters were handwritten), and our families enjoyed many good times together in Scotland and the USA. My most difficult task in writing this biography has been to extract from the vast amount of public and personal information in my possession those parts of Mick Callan's life and work that will be of chief interest to a broader audience. I have been helped in this by a 30 000-word autobiography written by him near the end of his life, covering the period from his birth in 1917 to the end of World War II in 1945. This account provides considerable insight into the factors that shaped his later professional career and is an engrossing account of the life of a boy in prewar England and a young man at Oxford and in the Royal Air Force (RAF) during the worst days of the war. Callan's autobiography has been deposited in the University library, St Andrews, Scotland.

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