Lamba Literature

Africa ◽  
1934 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Doke
Keyword(s):  
Bantu Languages ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
North Western ◽  
Term Type

Regarding the true classification of the numerous Bantu languages we are still very much in the dark. We need much more detailed information upon many areas and collation of work before the various types, languages, and dialects which go to make up the Bantu family can be accurately mapped out. We do know, however, that Bantu languages are associated together broadly into a number of zones or types, which to a great extent are determined by geographical position. The migration and counter-migration of tribes, however, naturally cause much overlapping of these types and the formation of numerous enclaves which have to be taken into account. On the question of nomenclature then, the term ‘type’ will probably be less objectionable than that of ‘zone’, though the actual names of the types will of necessity be regional, such as ‘South-eastern’, ‘North-western’, ‘Central’, etc.

scholarly journals Art. VII.–The Tribes and Castes of Bengal, by H. H. Risley. Vols. I. and II. Ethnographic Glossary, Vols. I. and II. Anthropometric Data

1893 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Hewitt
Keyword(s):  
Bay Of Bengal ◽  
Western India ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Historical Importance ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
The Ganges ◽  
North Western

No one can fully appreciate the great value of this work to all students of ethnology until they realize the historical importance of an accurate classification of the characteristic differences which divide the social strata known as the castes living in a country occupying the geographical position of Bengal. Bengal is practically the country of the Deltas of the Ganges and Brahmaputra, and of the Western rivers, which rise in the Vindhyan range, called by Hindu geographers the Sukti mountains, and flow down thence to the Ganges and the Bay of Bengal. It has always been one of the great highways by which Southern tribes moved northward and Northern tribes southward, and was, owing to its geographical advantages and its fertile soil, civilized and settled before the advent of the Aryan conquerors to North-western India. It is for this reason that we find in Bengal the undisturbed remains and the still living and almost unchanged representatives of some of the principal races who are described by the poets of the Rigveda under the general name of Dasyus, a name which, as Zimmer shows, merely means the people of the country or “desh.” It was from the union of the people of Bengal called the Maghadas or Mughs with the Northern Kushikas or sons of Kush the tortoise that the first great Indian Empire arose, which was formed by the two races ruled by the king called in the Mahābhārata Jarasandha.

The relative verb forms of Cuwabo (Bantu P34) as contextually oriented participles

Linguistics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-491
Author(s):  
Rozenn Guérois ◽  
Denis Creissels
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Relative Clauses ◽  
Head Noun ◽  
Bantu Languages ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
The Subject ◽  
North Western

AbstractCuwabo (Bantu P34, Mozambique) illustrates a relativization strategy, also attested in some North-Western and Central Bantu languages, whose most salient characteristics are that: (a) the initial agreement slot of the verb form does not express agreement with the subject (as in independent clauses), but agreement with the head noun; (b) the initial agreement slot of the verb form does not express agreement in person and number-gender (or class), but only in number-gender; (c) when a noun phrase other than the subject is relativized, the noun phrase encoded as the subject in the corresponding independent clause occurs in post-verbal position and does not control any agreement mechanism. In this article, we show that, in spite of the similarity between the relative verb forms of Cuwabo and the corresponding independent verb forms, and the impossibility of isolating a morphological element analyzable as a participial formative, the relative verb forms of Cuwabo are participles, with the following two particularities: they exhibit full contextual orientation, and they assign a specific grammatical role to the initial subject, whose encoding in relative clauses coincides neither with that of subjects of independent verb forms, nor with that of adnominal possessors.

Active-middle alignment and the aoristic drift

2020 ◽  
pp. 191-212
Author(s):  
Delia Bentley
Keyword(s):  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
North Western

In the classification of Romance along a northern–southern continuum the languages which exhibit patterns of active-middle alignment (notably, the HABERE ~ ESSE alternation in the perfect) are also known to have undergone the aoristic drift. This article starts from Smith’s (2016) observation that the north-western oïl varieties have maintained the preterite, while also alternating the two auxiliaries, whereas the north-eastern oïl varieties have lost the HABERE ~ ESSE alternation and undergone the aoristic drift. It is argued that the developments which have occurred in the north-western varieties are not theoretically challenging or unique within the Romània. With respect to the generalization of habere in the north-eastern areas and, less conspicuously, throughout Gallo-Romance, it is claimed that this development was engendered by the rise of a dependent-marking system which follows undifferentiated nominative alignment. It is concluded that the modern Romània exhibits a stronghold of active-middle alignment in a group of central languages, which are essentially head marking.

Roman Wales: Aerial Discoveries and New Observations from the Drought of 2018

Britannia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 117-145
Author(s):  
Toby G. Driver ◽  
Barry C. Burnham ◽  
Jeffrey L. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Royal Commission ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Historical Monuments ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Aerial Reconnaissance ◽  
North Western

ABSTRACTThis paper provides description and context for some of the discoveries made by the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales during aerial reconnaissance in the drought conditions of the summer of 2018. New discoveries include two marching camps, three auxiliary forts and a remarkable series of stone buildings outside the fort at Pen y Gaer. The photographs also clarify the plan of several known villas as well as identifying some potential villa sites and enclosure systems of probable Romano-British date in south-eastern, south-western and north-western Wales. The recognition of a new road alignment south of Carmarthen is suggestive of another coastal fort at or near Kidwelly.

scholarly journals Murcian Spanish

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Monroy ◽  
Juan Manuel Hernández-Campoy
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Capital City ◽  
High Plateau ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Western Zone ◽  
River Plain ◽  
North Western

Murcian Spanish (MuSp) is a regional variety of Spanish spoken in the Comunidad Autónoma de Murcia in south-eastern Spain. It is commonly heard in the capital city, Murcia, with 450,000 inhabitants, situated in the Segura River plain (Central Zone), and in a number of towns like Cartagena (Coastal Zone), Yecla and Jumilla (Altiplano or High Plateau Zone), Lorca and Águilas (Guadalentín River Zone), and Caravaca and Calasparra (North-western Zone). The overall population of the region amounts to well over 1,100,000 inhabitants (Hernández-Campoy 2003: 621).

SIMILARITIES IN THE SURNAMES OF ISLAND AND CONTINENTAL POPULATIONS OF THE NORTH-WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN AREA

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. LUCCHETTI ◽  
M. TASSO ◽  
P. PIZZETTI ◽  
S. DE IASIO ◽  
G. U. CARAVELLO
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Recent History ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
The North ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Mediterranean Regions ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
North Western

SummaryThis paper compares the structures of the surnames of 75 municipal populations living in six north-western Mediterranean regions. Its purpose is to unravel the relations between the local populations in Corsica and Sardinia and the links between these populations and those living in the Italian and French continental territory. On the basis of the matrix of similarity of surnames, some topological representations have been drafted showing the above-mentioned relations between populations under the light of their geographical position, their recent history and studies of genetic analysis. Corsica has an eterogeneous surname structure and evident similarity of the north with Tuscany and some centres of continental France. When only the populations of Sardinia were taken into consideration, it emerged that they differ among each other in relation to their geographical position and their history; when, instead, they were considered in relation to other populations outside the island, it was possible to observe that they form a highly different cluster. This study also identified many differences in the analysed geographical areas of Sardinia. In the minor islands – Elba, Giglio, Capraia – the structure of the surnames has a Tuscan origin as well as some similarity with other geographically distant areas, as in the case of the island of Giglio, if compared with some communities of Liguria.

A theory of prior streams as a casual factor of soil occurrence in the riverine plain of South-Eastern Australia

1950 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
BW Butler
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Alluvial Fan ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Murray River ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Soil Surveys ◽  
South Eastern Australia

A new theory is submitted on the origin of the soil formations in the alluvial plains region of southern New South Wales and Victoria embracing the Murray River and tributaries which has been given the name of the Riverine Plain of South-Eastern Australia. The Riverine Plain is delineated and the climate and physiography of the environment are briefly described. The theory postulates the occurrence of a system of prior streams independent of the present stream pattern; from the activity of this system the present soils and land surface were derived. The formations are discussed in terms of sedimentary array, salinity, and degree of leaching. Figures illustrate the ideal sediment pattern of a prior stream formation, a typical alluvial fan, and a simplified map of the region showing prior and present stream systems. A classification of the named soils from local soil surveys is given in the form of 15 sequences of general catenary relationship. The influence of halomorphism in soil development is discussed with the deduction that solonetzous and solodous soils occur generally throughout the region. The age of prior stream activity is set at late Pleistocene to early Recent.

Kimberlite and kimberlitic intrusives of southeastern Australia

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (330) ◽  
pp. 727-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Partial Melting ◽  
Late Jurassic ◽  
Incompatible Element ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Kimberlite Magma ◽  
Element Contents

SummaryFifteen widely separated occurrences of kimberlite and kimberlitic rocks are now known in south-eastern Australia. Those that have been satisfactorily dated isotopically give ages ranging from Permian to Late Jurassic. One occurrence exhibits an intimate spatial association with carbonatite. The classification of these rocks as ‘kimberlitic’ is partly based on their mode of emplacement, and particularly on the presence of crust/mantle inclusions. Compared with African kimberlitic magmas, the southeastern Australian examples have lower incompatible-element contents. These differences are interpreted as representing slightly greater degrees of partial melting of a four-phase Iherzolite assemblage at shallower depths (∼ 65 km) than typical African kimberlite magma.

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