Observations on Salt Balance and Behavior of Laysan and Black-Footed Albatrosses in Captivity

The Condor ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 305-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubert Frings ◽  
Mable Frings
Keyword(s):  
Salt Balance ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
And Behavior

scholarly journals ECOLOGIA COMPORTAMENTAL EVOLUTIVA APLICADA A PEIXES DE RIACHO

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (02) ◽  
pp. 367-380
Author(s):  
Tiago Henrique da Silva Pires ◽  
◽  
Jansen Zuanon
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Ecology ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Stream Fish ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Behavioral Patterns ◽  
Biological Phenomena ◽  
Freshwater Stream ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Evolutionary Context ◽  
And Behavior

Direct field observation constitutes an important source of information on life history and behavior of stream fish. Unfortunately, information gathered from direct field observations are often limited and thus may fail to provide robust testing for the causation of biological phenomena. Here, we bring concepts that form the theoretical foundation necessary for raising hypotheses in Evolutionary Behavioral Ecology,a study area directly derived from natural history and ethology that directly incorporates evolutionary processes and the adaptative value of behavioral patterns observed. This perspective allows the analysis of the evolutionary context and the adaptive value of observed behavioral patterns, and serves as the basis for new hypotheses that can be applied to many groups of organisms. Using this framework, field observations and experiments encompassing freshwater stream fish have subsidized many theories on the evolution of behavioral and morphological traits that are widespread debated by scientific community. After presenting the main key concepts, we bring some examples of research programs with freshwater fish that culminated in the formulation of important theories and where scientists took advantage of the opportunities provided by stream fish to conduct observations, samplings and controlled experiments both in the field and in captivity. We also describe our own research program, which uses an Amazonian freshwater stream fish (Crenuchus spilurus) as a model organism. By doing so, we advocate for the use of several methods and analyses for the study of Evolutionary Behavioral Ecology of freshwater stream fish.

scholarly journals Tradeoffs with Growth and Behavior for Captive Box Turtles Head-Started with Environmental Enrichment

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasha Tetzlaff ◽  
Jinelle Sperry ◽  
Brett DeGregorio
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Test ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Procyon Lotor ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Terrapene Carolina ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Box Turtles ◽  
One Year ◽  
And Behavior

Head-starting is a conservation strategy that entails releasing captive-reared animals into nature at sizes large enough to better resist post-release predation. However, efforts to maximize growth in captivity may jeopardize development of beneficial behaviors. Environmental enrichment can encourage natural behaviors before release but potentially comes with a tradeoff of reduced growth in complex enclosures. We compared growth and behavior of enriched and unenriched captive-born juvenile box turtles (Terrapene carolina). Enriched turtles grew slower than unenriched turtles during the first eight months in captivity, although growth rates did not differ between treatments from 9–20 months old. After five months post-hatching, unenriched turtles became and remained larger overall than enriched turtles. During two foraging tasks, unenriched turtles consumed more novel prey than enriched turtles. In a predator recognition test, eight-month-old enriched turtles avoided raccoon (Procyon lotor) urine more than unenriched turtles of the same age, but this difference was not apparent one year later. The odds of turtles emerging from a shelter did not differ between treatments regardless of age. Although our results suggest turtles raised in unenriched environments initially grew faster and obtained larger overall sizes than those in enriched conditions, tradeoffs with ecologically-relevant behaviors were either absent or conditional.

scholarly journals Analysis of farmers’ perceptions and behavioral response to rural living environment renovation in a major rice-producing area: a case of Dongting Lake Wetland, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenghua Deng ◽  
Liqi Dai ◽  
Liping Deng ◽  
Pingfeng Peng
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Response ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Education Standards ◽  
Rural Living ◽  
Behavior Response ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Wait And See ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Motivation To Participate

ABSTRACT: This article combines influencing factors of farmers’ participation in the Rural Living Environment Renovation Project (RLERP) and conceptualizes a model that depicts the relationships between the demographic characteristics of farmers and their perceptions and behavioral response to RLERP. Using a questionnaire survey to collect empirical data, we found (1) A total of 92% of farmers have fully realized the importance of rural living environment, but most people have adopted a wait-and-see attitude and a lack of motivation to participate. (2) A total of 65% of farmers participate in the collection and classification of domestic waste, 22% of the farmers participate in captivity livestock behavior, and 19% of farmers participate in the response behavior of domestic sewage treatment. (3) A significant positive correlation occurs between income level and farmers’ cognition and behavior response. (4) The education standards of the public are not correlated with the farmers’ cognition but is significantly correlated with farmers’ behavioral response. (5) The cognitive and behavioral response of females to RLERP is significantly higher than that of men. 6) In the process from cognition to the action response, farmers’ cognition is positively correlated with action response. On this basis, some measures and suggestions to improve the response of farmers to rural living environment renovation are put forward.

SEX DIFFERENCES IN FEED INTAKE, BEHAVIOR AND WEIGHT GAINED BY GREATER RHEAS (RHEA AMERICANA) IN CAPTIVITY DURING THE PRE-REPRODUCTIVE SEASON

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (supp01) ◽  
pp. S123-S133
Author(s):  
MARIA VERONICA SIMOY ◽  
FERNANDO A. MILANO ◽  
CLAUDIA B. MARINELLI ◽  
GUSTAVO J. FERNANDEZ ◽  
GRACIELA A. CANZIANI
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Rhea Americana ◽  
Nutritional Physiology ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Autumn And Winter

The use of common rhea, Rhea americana, as breeding bird requires knowledge of nutritional physiology. It is important the analysis jointly of feed intake, behavior and weight gain. Our objective was to determine and analyze differences in the feed intake, weight gained and behavior of captive subadults and adults male and female rheas during autumn and winter in the Humid Pampas, Argentina. Neither males nor females showed significant seasonal differences in the weights with which they initiated the trials. Daily feed consumption didn't show significant differences neither between seasons nor between sexes. However, we observed differences in weight gain by males between seasons and during the autumn trial, the weight gain was higher for males. Rhea behavior also varied seasonally. Males and females spent more time preening and resting than walking and feeding during autumn, the opposite occurred in winter. The males had a higher tendency towards walking than to feeding, the females showed the opposite in autumn. Analyzing the feed intake, weight gained and the time spent on feeding we hypothesized that males are more efficient for feeding. This analysis allowed us to observe there are nutritional issues that can be explained from a behavioral point of view.

scholarly journals First record of Craspedacusta sowerbii Lankester, 1880 (Hydrozoa, Limnomedusae) in a natural freshwater lagoon of Uruguay, with notes on polyp stage in captivity

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Failla Siquier ◽  
W. S. Serra Alanis ◽  
C. Martinez Debat
Keyword(s):  
Natural Water ◽  
Water Body ◽  
First Record ◽  
The World ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Polyp Stage ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Natural Water Body ◽  
Artificial Water ◽  
Made In

Abstract The freshwater cnidarian Craspedacusta sowerbii Lankester 1880, has invaded lakes and ponds as well as artificial water bodies throughout the world. The first record in Uruguay corresponding to the jellyfish was made in 1961 in two artificial fountains, with no mention of the polyp form. Although local reports of other related polyp species have been made, information on the benthic form of C. sowerbii is lacking. Here we report the finding of live frustules, solitary individuals, medusae and colonies from a natural lagoon in August 2010, allowing us to observe the morphology and behavior of the polyp stage in captivity. In addition, molecular identification and remarks on the potencial path of introduction are presented. This is the first record in Uruguay of both polyp and medusa stages of C. sowerbii in a natural water body, Del Medio Lagoon (Dpto. de Florida), Uruguay.

How Homo economicus lost her mind and how we can revive her

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter DeScioli
Keyword(s):  
Economic Thought ◽  
History Of Economic Thought ◽  
Homo Economicus ◽  
Economic Theories ◽  
Target Article ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mind ◽  
And Behavior

AbstractThe target article by Boyer & Petersen (B&P) contributes a vital message: that people have folk economic theories that shape their thoughts and behavior in the marketplace. This message is all the more important because, in the history of economic thought, Homo economicus was increasingly stripped of mental capacities. Intuitive theories can help restore the mind of Homo economicus.

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