ECOLOGIA COMPORTAMENTAL EVOLUTIVA APLICADA A PEIXES DE RIACHO

Direct field observation constitutes an important source of information on life history and behavior of stream fish. Unfortunately, information gathered from direct field observations are often limited and thus may fail to provide robust testing for the causation of biological phenomena. Here, we bring concepts that form the theoretical foundation necessary for raising hypotheses in Evolutionary Behavioral Ecology,a study area directly derived from natural history and ethology that directly incorporates evolutionary processes and the adaptative value of behavioral patterns observed. This perspective allows the analysis of the evolutionary context and the adaptive value of observed behavioral patterns, and serves as the basis for new hypotheses that can be applied to many groups of organisms. Using this framework, field observations and experiments encompassing freshwater stream fish have subsidized many theories on the evolution of behavioral and morphological traits that are widespread debated by scientific community. After presenting the main key concepts, we bring some examples of research programs with freshwater fish that culminated in the formulation of important theories and where scientists took advantage of the opportunities provided by stream fish to conduct observations, samplings and controlled experiments both in the field and in captivity. We also describe our own research program, which uses an Amazonian freshwater stream fish (Crenuchus spilurus) as a model organism. By doing so, we advocate for the use of several methods and analyses for the study of Evolutionary Behavioral Ecology of freshwater stream fish.

Download Full-text

Fish Bioacoustics and Behavior: Passive Acoustic Detection and the Application of a Closed-Circuit Rebreather for Field Study

Marine Technology Society Journal ◽

10.4031/002533201788001884 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 19-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Phillip S. Lobel

Keyword(s):

Behavioral Ecology ◽

Daily Basis ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Acoustic Detection ◽

Ecological Processes ◽

Detection Technology ◽

Scientific Goal ◽

Species Specific ◽

Passive Acoustic ◽

And Behavior

The simple thesis of this paper is that using rebreathers to study fish behavioral ecology, especially bioacoustics, is well worth the expense and additional training required. The scientific goal of my bioacoustic research is to determine which fishes produce species-specific sound patterns exclusively with explicit acts of courtship and mating. This provides scientific insight into evolutionary and ecological processes and also provides data necessary to develop the passive acoustic detection technology for monitoring fish reproduction. When used on a daily basis, rebreathers, in my experience, are economical and as practical as open circuit scuba. This is based both on the costs of diving as well as the efficiency of gathering useful data. The use of open circuit SCUBA while conducting acoustic recordings results in a loss of at least 40% of the data due to the bubble noise from a divers breathing. Rebreathers also provide extended bottom time, especially in shallow water, which enhances a diver's ability to observe fish and gather acoustic-behavioral data.

Download Full-text

Inferred seasonal interaction rewiring of a freshwater stream fish network

Ecography ◽

10.1111/ecog.05452 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Chris Brimacombe ◽

Korryn Bodner ◽

Marie‐Josée Fortin

Keyword(s):

Stream Fish ◽

Freshwater Stream

Download Full-text

Field observations on the social relationships between adult female and juvenile Richardson's ground squirrels

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z73-006 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 33-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Gail R. Michener

Keyword(s):

Social Relationships ◽

Adult Female ◽

Ground Squirrels ◽

The Other ◽

Field Observations ◽

Agonistic Interactions ◽

The Social ◽

And Behavior

Field observations were conducted in southern Saskatchewan in 1969 and 1971. Adult female Richardson's ground squirrels and their own young engaged predominantly in nasal and cohesive contacts while adults and young from other litters engaged predominantly in agonistic contacts. Identification sometimes occurred at a distance based on the location and behavior of the other animal.Newly emerged juveniles remained close to the home burrow and engaged mainly in non-agonistic interactions with both their mothers and other adults. Not until juveniles were 6–7 weeks old and were familiar with the area used by the mother did they correctly identify adults regardless of where the interaction occurred.

Download Full-text

Behavioral Ecology of Chum Salmon Fry (Oncorhynchus keta) in a Small Estuary

Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada ◽

10.1139/f74-012 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 83-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

J. C. Mason

Keyword(s):

Fresh Water ◽

Behavioral Ecology ◽

Chum Salmon ◽

Oncorhynchus Keta ◽

Natural Systems ◽

Active Selection ◽

Resource Managers ◽

Salmon Fry ◽

Seaward Migration ◽

And Behavior

Chum salmon fry (Oncorhynchus keta) in the estuary of a small coastal stream exploited fresh water, estuarine, and marine food chains and, by so doing, were exposed to marked, daily fluctuations in salinity that demanded active selection of fresh water on ebbing tides day and night. The resulting delay in seaward migration and associated behavioral observations are inadequately reflected in published accounts of the life history and behavior of chum fry in natural systems and laboratory situations, and the downstream displacement theory. The biological basis for delayed seaward migration of chum fry merits the attention of fishery researchers and resource managers alike.

Download Full-text

Observations on Salt Balance and Behavior of Laysan and Black-Footed Albatrosses in Captivity

The Condor ◽

10.2307/1365123 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 61 (5) ◽

pp. 305-314 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Hubert Frings ◽

Mable Frings

Keyword(s):

Salt Balance ◽

In Captivity ◽

And Behavior

Download Full-text

Inferring cortical function in the mouse visual system through large-scale systems neuroscience

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1512901113 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 113 (27) ◽

pp. 7337-7344 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Michael Hawrylycz ◽

Costas Anastassiou ◽

Anton Arkhipov ◽

Jim Berg ◽

Michael Buice ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cortical Neurons ◽

Large Scale ◽

Model Organism ◽

Building Blocks ◽

Mammalian Brain ◽

Cortical Function ◽

Scientific Mission ◽

Large Populations ◽

Cell Type Specific ◽

And Behavior

The scientific mission of the Project MindScope is to understand neocortex, the part of the mammalian brain that gives rise to perception, memory, intelligence, and consciousness. We seek to quantitatively evaluate the hypothesis that neocortex is a relatively homogeneous tissue, with smaller functional modules that perform a common computational function replicated across regions. We here focus on the mouse as a mammalian model organism with genetics, physiology, and behavior that can be readily studied and manipulated in the laboratory. We seek to describe the operation of cortical circuitry at the computational level by comprehensively cataloging and characterizing its cellular building blocks along with their dynamics and their cell type-specific connectivities. The project is also building large-scale experimental platforms (i.e., brain observatories) to record the activity of large populations of cortical neurons in behaving mice subject to visual stimuli. A primary goal is to understand the series of operations from visual input in the retina to behavior by observing and modeling the physical transformations of signals in the corticothalamic system. We here focus on the contribution that computer modeling and theory make to this long-term effort.

Download Full-text

Boldness and exploration vary between shell morphs but not environmental contexts in the snail Cepaea nemoralis

10.1101/866947 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Maxime Dahirel ◽

Valentin Gaudu ◽

Armelle Ansart

Keyword(s):

Behavioral Ecology ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Thermal Environment ◽

Thermal Response ◽

Credible Interval ◽

Individual Level ◽

Cepaea Nemoralis ◽

Selective Pressures ◽

And Behavior ◽

Shed Light

Understanding the maintenance of among-individual behavioral variation in populations, and predicting its consequences, are key challenges in behavioral ecology. Studying the association between repeatable behaviors and other traits under selection may shed light on the underlying selective pressures. We used the model snail Cepaea nemoralis to examine whether individual behavior is associated with shell morph, a key trait that has been extensively studied in the context of thermal tolerance and predator avoidance, and which is known to be under strict genetic control in this species. We quantified proxies of boldness and exploration in snails of three morphs coming from two habitats with different thermal contexts. We show that both behaviors were repeatable at the among-individual level (within-state Rboldness = 0.22 [95% credible interval: 0.15, 0.29]; Rexploration = 0.20 [0.15, 0.25]). Behavior was associated with shell morph, with the darker morph (five-banded) being consistently shyer and slower to explore. There was no evidence that thermal environment of origin influenced behavior. Snails became faster when test temperature increased; we found no evidence morphs differed in their thermal response. Boldness and exploration were correlated among individuals, forming a syndrome (r = 0.28 [0.10, 0.46]). We discuss what these results may tell us about the type of selection exerted by predators. We also detail how our results hint to a genetic link between shell morph and behavior, and the evolutionary implications of such a link. Finally, we discuss how our findings combined with decades of evolutionary research make C. nemoralis a very valuable model to study the evolution of behavior in response to environmental changes.

Download Full-text

Use of CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Targeting to Conditionally Delete Glucocorticoid Receptors in Rat Brain

10.1101/560946 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Jessie R. Scheimann ◽

Rachel D. Moloney ◽

Parinaz Mahbod ◽

Rachel L. Morano ◽

Maureen Fitzgerald ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucocorticoid Receptors ◽

Brain Size ◽

Coping Behavior ◽

Model Organism ◽

Conditional Knockout ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Output Neurons ◽

And Behavior ◽

The Impact

AbstractGlucocorticoid receptors (GR) have diverse functions relevant to maintenance of homeostasis and adaptation to environmental challenges. Understanding the importance of tissue-specific GR function in physiology and behavior has been hampered by near-ubiquitous localization in brain and body. Here we use CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to create a conditional GR knockout in Sprague Dawley rats. To test the impact of cell-and region-specific GR deletion on physiology and behavior, we targeted GR knockout to output neurons of the prelimbic cortex.Prelimbic deletion of GR in females caused deficits in acquisition and extinction of fear memory during auditory fear conditioning, whereas males exhibit enhanced active-coping behavior during forced swim. Our data support the utility of this conditional knockout rat to afford high-precision deletion of GR across a variety of contexts, ranging from neuronal depletion to circuit-wide manipulations, leveraging the behavioral tractability and enhanced brain size of the rat as a model organism.

Download Full-text

AKTUALISASI DIRI UNTUK MENGURANGI PERILAKU BULLYING PADA ANAK

Jurnal Visi Ilmu Pendidikan ◽

10.26418/jvip.v13i2.45698 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 72

Author(s):

Ari Susandi Susandi ◽

Reza Hilmy Luayyin ◽

Aries Dirgayunita

Keyword(s):

Elementary School ◽

Research Method ◽

Online Media ◽

Natural Setting ◽

Field Observations ◽

Social Phenomena ◽

Self Actualization ◽

Data Collection Instrument ◽

And Behavior ◽

Class Iv

The research method used is descriptive qualitative analysis by presenting research updates and analysis of various opinions in scientific articles that are already in journals. Qualitative research is often described as research that publishes social phenomena and behavior as they exist (in natural setting) and is also appropriate. with facts and implemented in depth, in this case the researcher looks for existing information through journals and also existing online media then it is understood and after that then gets data and information to be added and reviewed through small notes then becomes an existing analysis so that a study that is relevant and accurate. The population and sample used in this study were 30 students consisting of class IV to class VI in the Permata Integrated Elementary School, Probolinggo City and also those from various different backgrounds. The data collection instrument is using a questionnaire in the form of google form which is sent to each student with various types of relevant questions as well as field observations in the form of open interviews during a visit to the student's probolinggo. Keywords: Self-actualization, Bullying, Elementary School

Download Full-text

A miRNA catalogue and ncRNA annotation of the short-living fish Nothobranchius furzeri

10.1101/103697 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Mario Baumgart ◽

Emanuel Barth ◽

Aurora Savino ◽

Marco Groth ◽

Philipp Koch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽

Model Organism ◽

Takifugu Rubripes ◽

Aging Research ◽

Control Of Gene Expression ◽

Non Coding Rna ◽

Nothobranchius Furzeri ◽

In Captivity ◽

Supplementary Material

ABSTRACTBackground: The short-lived fish Nothobranchius furzeri is the shortest-lived vertebrate that can be cultured in captivity and was recently established as a model organism for aging research. Small non-coding RNAs, especially miRNAs, are implicated in age-dependent control of gene expression.Results: Here, we present a comprehensive catalogue of miRNAs and several other non-coding RNA classes (ncRNAs) for Nothobranchius furzeri. Analyzing multiple small RNA-Seq libraries, we show most of these identified miRNAs are expressed in at least one of seven Nothobranchius species. Additionally, duplication and clustering of N. furzeri miRNAs was analyzed and compared to the four fish species Danio rerio, Oryzias latipes, Gasterosteus aculeatus and Takifugu rubripes. A peculiar characteristic of N. furzeri as compared to other teleosts was a duplication of the miR-29 cluster.Conclusion: The completeness of the catalogue we provide is comparable to that of zebrafish. This catalogue represents a basis to investigate the role of miRNAs in aging and development in this species.Availability: All supplementary material can be found online at http://www.rna.uni-jena.de/en/supplements/nothobranchius-furzeri-mirnome/.

Download Full-text