The Psychiatric Morbidity Hypothesis: A Response to San Miguel, Forness, and Kavale

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Wiener
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Social Skill ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Skill Deficits ◽  
Social Skill Deficits ◽  
Comorbid Adhd ◽  
Social Skills Deficits

In the Fall 1996 issue of Learning Disability Quarterly, San Miguel, Forness, and Kavale argued that the social skills deficits typically found in studies of children with learning disabilities (LD) are largely due to comorbidity of learning disabilities with psychiatric disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and depressive disorder. In my response I review literature which suggests that while children with LD and comorbid ADHD are especially at risk for social skill deficits, there is no evidence supporting increased risk for children with both LD and depression. Furthermore, there is considerable evidence that some children who have LD without psychiatric disorders also have social skill deficits.

Sexual Abuse of Children With Learning Disabilities

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse J. Helton ◽  
Tatiana Gochez-Kerr ◽  
Ellen Gruber
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Social Skill ◽  
The United States ◽  
Comorbid Conditions ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Skill Deficits ◽  
Digital Or

Although children with a learning disability (LD) are at an increased risk of sexual abuse, it is unclear whether conditions specific to their impairment are associated with sexual assault or if risk derives from other comorbid conditions such as behavioral problems, social skill deficits, or loneliness. Using a national probability study of child maltreatment investigations in the United States ( n = 2,033), we hypothesized that children over the age of 4 with a LD are target congruent to a sexual perpetrator. Seven percent of children were identified as having a LD, and the odds of a sexual abuse allegation was 2.5 times greater for children with a LD relative to children without a LD regardless of confounders. Further, type and severity of assaults varied by group: over 3 times more children with a LD experienced digital or oral copulation compared to those without a LD. Results suggest that children with LDs may require tailored prevention efforts to protect them from sexual abuse.

ATTRIBUTIONAL STYLE AND SOCIAL-SKILL DEFICITS AS PREDICTORS OF DYSPHORIC STATES AND RESPONSE TO TREATMENT

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-194
Author(s):  
Carmen Rodriguez-Naranjo ◽  
Antonio Godoy ◽  
Rosa Esteve
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Attributional Style ◽  
Social Skill ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Attributional Styles ◽  
Hopelessness Theory ◽  
Skill Deficits ◽  
Social Skill Deficits ◽  
Hopelessness Theory Of Depression

It is hypothesized that there might be two subtypes of dysphoria. Comparison of the characteristic deficits of attributional styles and social skills of adolescent dysphorics differentiated them into two subtypes. This suggested that matched treatments of the two subtypes of dysphoria might be more effective than non-matched treatments. As is predicted by the hopelessness theory of depression (Alloy, Abramson, Metalsky, & Hartlage, 1988), dysphorics characterized by the depressogenic attributional style and adequate social skills reported significantly greater numbers of negative life-events than dysphorics characterized by social-skill deficits and healthy attributional style. Treatments matched to dysphoria subtypes were more effective than non-matched treatments. The authors suggest that similar tests of dysphorics over several years might indicate that some dysphoric states intensify and that matched treatments would abort potentially severe depressions.

scholarly journals Association between inflammatory bowel disease and psychiatric morbidity and suicide: A Swedish nationwide population-based cohort study with sibling comparisons

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas F  Ludvigsson ◽  
Ola Olén ◽  
Henrik Larsson ◽  
Jonas Halfvarson ◽  
Catarina Almqvist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
First Year ◽  
Adult Onset ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Elderly Onset

Abstract Background and Aims Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is linked to psychiatric morbidity, but few studies have assessed general population comparators. We aimed to investigate the risk of psychiatric morbidity and suicide in adult-onset IBD patients. Methods Nationwide population-based cohort study in Sweden (1973-2013). We studied the risk of psychiatric disorders and suicide in 69,865 adult-onset IBD patients (ulcerative colitis, UC: n=43,557; Crohn’s disease, CD: n=21,245; and IBD-unclassified: n=5063) compared to 3,472,913 general population references and 66,292 siblings. Results During a median follow-up of 11 years, we found 7,465 (10.7%) first psychiatric disorders in IBD (incidence rate, IR/1000 person-years 8.4) and 306,911 (9.9%) in the general population (IR 6.6), resulting in 1.8 extra psychiatric morbidity per 100 patients followed-up for 10 years and a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.3 (95% confidence interval, 95%CI=1.2-1.3). The highest risk of overall psychiatric morbidity was seen in the first year after IBD diagnosis (HR=1.4, 95%CI=1.2-1.6) and in patients with extraintestinal manifestations (HR=1.6, 95%CI=1.5-1.7). Psychiatric morbidity was more common in all IBD subtypes (HRs 1.3 to 1.5). An increased risk of suicide attempts was observed among all IBD types (HRs=1.2 to 1.4), whereas completed suicide was explicitly associated with CD (HR=1.5) and elderly-onset (diagnosed at the age of >60 years) IBD (HR=1.7). Conclusion Adult-onset IBD was associated with an increased risk of psychiatric disorders and suicide attempts. Psychological follow-up should be provided to patients with IBD, especially those with extraintestinal manifestations and elderly-onset IBD. This follow-up should transpire within the first year after IBD diagnosis.

scholarly journals Psychiatric disorders risk in patients with iron deficiency anemia and association with iron supplementation medications: a nationwide database analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herng-Sheng Lee ◽  
Hsin-Hao Chao ◽  
Wan-Ting Huang ◽  
Solomon Chih-Cheng Chen ◽  
Hsin-Yi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background: It has been shown that iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is associated with psychosocial consequences and psychiatric morbidity. However, the association between adults with IDA and psychiatric disorders has not been clarified. The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychiatric disorder morbidity of an IDA group in comparison with a non-IDA group and to examine the risk of psychiatric disorders in IDA patients treated with iron supplementation. Methods: All study subjects were 20 years of age or over with newly diagnosed IDA enrolled in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database from 2000 to 2012. We matched IDA and non-IDA subjects according to age and gender in a 1:2 ratio. Our primary outcome was diagnosis of psychiatric disorders and the patients were monitored until the end of 2013. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to explore the risk of psychiatric disorders in patients with IDA after adjustment for confounders, including demographic characteristics and comorbidities. Results: The adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of psychiatric disorders was 1.49 (95% CI = 1.43–1.56) in the IDA group compared with the non-IDA group. Among the different types of psychiatric disorders, the IDA group was associated with significantly higher incidence and risks of dementia, anxiety disorders, depression, sleep disorders, and psychotic disorders ( p < 0.05). Furthermore, iron supplementation in IDA subjects was associated with a significantly lower risk of psychiatric disorders compared to non-iron supplementation in IDA patients. Conclusions: Our study indicates that IDA subjects had an increased risk of psychiatric disorders, regardless of other confounders. In IDA patients, iron supplementation was associated with a decreased risk of psychiatric disorders. Moreover, IDA patients receiving iron supplementation also had a lower risk of sleep disorders.

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