Individual Diving Behavior, Food Availability and Chick Growth Rates in Chinstrap Penguins

Waterbirds ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 443
Author(s):  
Yoshihisa Mori
Keyword(s):  
Food Availability ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Diving Behavior ◽  
Chick Growth

Timing of breeding, peak food availability, and effects of mismatch on chick growth in birds nesting in the High Arctic

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 961-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. McKinnon ◽  
M. Picotin ◽  
E. Bolduc ◽  
C. Juillet ◽  
J. Bêty
Keyword(s):  
Food Availability ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Food Abundance ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Timing Of Breeding ◽  
Chick Growth

In seasonal environments, breeding events must be synchronized with resource peaks to ensure production and growth of offspring. As changes in climate may affect trophic levels differentially, we hypothesized that a lack of synchrony between chick hatch and resource peaks could decrease growth rates in chicks of shorebirds nesting in the High Arctic. To test this hypothesis, we compared growth curves of chicks hatching in synchrony with peak periods of food abundance to those hatching outside of these peak periods. We also tested for changes in lay dates of shorebirds in the Canadian Arctic using recent and historical data. Mean daily temperatures during the laying period increased since the 1950s by up to 1.5 °C, and changes in lay dates were apparent for three shorebird species, yet differences in median lay dates between 1954 and 2005–2008 were only significant for White-rumped Sandpiper ( Calidris fuscicollis (Viellot, 1819)). During 2005–2008, there was only 1 year of relatively high synchrony between hatch and resource peaks. Asynchrony between hatch and peaks in Tipulidae biomass reduced growth rates in chicks of Baird’s Sandpiper (Calidris bairdii (Coues, 1861)). As anticipated changes in climate may decouple phenological events, the effects of asynchrony on growth rates of arctic-nesting birds warrant further investigation.

External morphology of Dall's porpoise (Phocoenoides dalli): growth and sexual dimorphism

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1124-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masao Amano ◽  
Nobuyuki Miyazaki
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diving Behavior ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Deep Diving ◽  
Phocoenoides Dalli

We studied development and sexual dimorphism in external measurements of Dall's porpoises (Phocoenoides dalli) from the northwestern North Pacific. Relative rates of increase in the measurements of the head and flipper decrease postnatally, while those of the flukes, dorsal fin, and girths in the posterior part of the body do not. Growth patterns of the flukes and increase in girth at the anus are different from those in other small odontocetes. This is considered to be related to the fast swimming and presumed deep diving behavior of Dall's porpoise. Growth rates of appendages decrease with time after birth, as in other cetaceans. Secondary sexual features of males appear in the dorsal fin, flukes, and girth at the anus; the flukes show more distinct sexual dimorphism than the dorsal fin.

Some Aspects of the Population Dynamics ofAsterina Gibbosa(Asteroidea)

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Crump ◽  
R. H. Emson
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Regular Growth ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Skeletal Structures ◽  
Availability Factor ◽  
Field Information

Very few field studies of the population dynamics of starfish have been undertaken; such work depends upon being able to age individuals and identify age classes in the field. Information regarding growth rates in asteroids is notoriously difficult to obtain, due primarily to the absence of any method of assessing age, except where clear and obvious recruitment and regular growth provide size/age relationships. Numerous investigations of skeletal structures in asteroids by Smith (1940), Feder (1956), Hatanaka & Kosaka (1959) and Crump (1971) have failed to reveal any trace of growth lines similar to those found by Moore (1935), Jensen (1969) and Ebert (1970) in echinoids. In forcipulate asteroids, it is well established that growth depends primarily on temperature (Vevers, 1949; Hancock, 1958) and the availability of suitable food supplies (Mead, 1900; Galtsoff & Loosanoff, 1939; Smith, 1940; Vevers, 1949; Feder, 1956, 1970; Hancock, 1958). The food availability factor acts in such a way that it is impossible to tell the age of an adult starfish from its size; for example, in the spinulosan asteroid Patiriella regularts (Verrill), Crump (1969) found that specimens kept without food for 44 weeks lost 33 % of the original body weight, whilst P. regularts which had been fed on freshly killed crabs, showed a mean net increase of 629% of the original net weight over the same period.

scholarly journals Copepod community growth rates in relation to body size, temperature, and food availability in the East China Sea: a test of metabolic theory of ecology

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1877-1892 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Y. Lin ◽  
A. R. Sastri ◽  
G. C. Gong ◽  
C. H. Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
East China Sea ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Metabolic Theory ◽  
The East China Sea ◽  
Copepod Community ◽  
Community Growth ◽  
Specific Growth Rates

Abstract. Zooplankton play an essential role in marine food webs, and understanding how community-level growth rates of zooplankton vary in the field is critical for predicting how marine ecosystem function may vary in the face of environmental changes. Here, we used the artificial cohort method to examine the effects of temperature, body size, and chlorophyll concentration (a proxy for food) on weight-specific growth rates for copepod communities in the East China Sea. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that copepod community growth rates can be described by the metabolic theory of ecology (MTE), linking spatio-temporal variation of copepod growth rate with temperature and their body size. Our results generally agree with predictions made by the MTE and demonstrate that weight-specific growth rates of copepod communities in our study area are positively related with temperature and negatively related to body size. However, the regression coefficients of body size do not approach the theoretical predictions. Furthermore, we find that the deviation from the MTE predictions may be partly attributed to the effect of food availability (which is not explicitly accounted for by the MTE). In addition, significant difference in the coefficients of temperature and body size exists among taxonomic groups. Our results suggest that considering the effects of food limitation and taxonomy is necessary to better understand copepod growth rates under in situ conditions, and such effects on the MTE-based predictions need further investigation.

Antarctic marine secondary production and the phenomenon of cold adaptation

1977 ◽  
Vol 279 (963) ◽  
pp. 55-66 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Availability ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Secondary Production ◽  
Cold Adaptation ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Signy Island ◽  
Antarctic Waters ◽  
Antarctic Marine ◽  
Mode Of Life

For several years marine biologists of British Antarctic Survey have been studying the nearshore communities at Signy Island and South Georgia. Most of these studies have been continued throughout the year so that variations in production in both the long and short term have been investigated. In this paper changes in the rate of growth of selected crustacean, molluscan and fish species are considered throughout their life histories. Variations in growth rates are considered in relation to temperature, food availability and mode of life and comparisons are made with species from outside antarctic waters.

THE LIFE CYCLES OF SOME STREAM INSECTS (EPHEMEROPTERA, PLECOPTERA) IN ALBERTA

1971 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Radford ◽  
R. Hartland-Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Food Availability ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Stream Temperature ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Stream Insects ◽  
Ecological Separation

AbstractThe life histories of Nemoura besametsa, Epeorus deceptivus, Epeorus longimanus, and Ephemerella coloradensis are described as "fast seasonal" types and Arcynopteryx aurea, Nemoura cinctipes, Nemoura columbiana, Nemoura oregonensis, Cinygmula ramaleyi, Ephemerella doddsi, and Rhithrogena doddsi as "slow seasonal" types according to Hynes’ (1961) classification. All of the species are univoltine with the exception of N. cinctipes which may be bivoltine. There seems to be a correlation between life cycles and food availability. A means of ecological separation in the four Nemoura species is elucidated. Stream temperature was found to influence growth rates.

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