Seedling Establishment of Subalpine Stone Pine (Pinus pumila) by Nutcracker (Nucifraga) Seed Dispersal on Mt. Yumori, Northern Japan

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Kajimoto ◽  
Hiromichi Onodera ◽  
Shigeto Ikeda ◽  
Hiromu Daimaru ◽  
Takeshi Seki
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Pinus Pumila ◽  
Stone Pine ◽  
Northern Japan

Seed dispersal interactions promoting plant invasions.

2020 ◽  
pp. 90-104
Author(s):  
M. Celeste Díaz Vélez ◽  
Ana E. Ferreras ◽  
Valeria Paiaro
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Invasional Meltdown ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Origin Life

Abstract Animal dispersers are essential for many non-native plants since they facilitate seed movement and might promote seed germination and seedling establishment, thereby increasing their chances of invasion. This chapter reviews the published literature on seed dispersal of non-native plant species by native and/or non-native animals. The following questions are addressed: (i) Are interactions between non-native plants and their animal dispersers evenly studied worldwide? (ii) Which are the distinctive traits (i.e. geographical origin, life form, dispersal strategy and propagule traits) of non-native plants that are dispersed by animals? (iii) Which are the most studied groups of dispersers of non-native plants around the world? (iv) Does the literature provide evidence for the Invasional Meltdown Hypothesis (non-native plant-non-native disperser facilitation)? (v) What is the role of animal dispersers at different stages of the non-native plant regeneration process? Our dataset of 204 articles indicates that geographical distribution of the studies was highly heterogeneous among continents, with the highest number coming from North America and the lowest from Asia and Central America. Most of the non-native plants involved in dispersal studies were woody species from Asia with fleshy fruits dispersed by endozoochory. More than the half of the animal dispersal agents noted were birds, followed by mammals, ants and reptiles. The dominance of bird-dispersal interactions over other animal groups was consistent across geographical regions. Although most of the studies involved only native dispersers, interactions among non-native species were detected, providing support for the existence of invasional meltdown processes. Of the total number of reviewed articles reporting seed removal, 74% evaluated seed dispersal, but only a few studies included seed germination (35.3%), seedling establishment (5.4%) or seed predation (23.5%). Finally, we discuss some research biases and directions for future studies in the area.

Dispersal and establishment of slender thistle, Carduus pycnocephalus L. as affected by ground cover

1985 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 791 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Harradine
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
The Other ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
First Year ◽  
Parent Plant ◽  
Annual Grass

After 3 years of spread from sown infestations, slender thistle density in spring was 0.12 and 4.67 plants m-2 for plots in which the ground cover was dominated by cocksfoot and annual grass species, respectively. On plots maintained free of plants other than slender thistle ('bare plots'), the corresponding density was 47.31 plants m-2. Slender thistle seed was dispersed at least 10 m from the parent plant in the first year of seeding and plants were evenly spread over the bare plots after 2 years. After 3 years, slender thistle ingress was still occurring on the other plots. The results indicate the importance of ground cover, either of living plants or of litter, in reducing seedling establishment and seed dispersal of slender thistle.

Host specificity and seed dispersal of Psittacanthus robustus (Loranthaceae) in south-east Brazil

1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Ferreira Monteiro ◽  
Rogério Parentoni Martins ◽  
Kikyo Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Dispersal Agent ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACTPsittacanthus robustus (Loranthaceae) is a Neotropical mistletoe which grows mainly on species of Vochysiaceae in Brazilian ‘cerrado’ regions. Its parasitizing pattern involves: (a) the height and the aspect of the crown of the host-plants; (b) the presence of sticky substance in the fruits of the parasite; and (c) the feeding behaviour and habitat selection of the dispersal agent, the swallowtanager Tersina viridis viridis. The feeding behaviour of this bird on fruits of P. robustus facilitates seed release and seedling establishment; its foraging habit and habitat selection account for high concentrations of the parasites on their preferred host-plants.

scholarly journals Seed dispersal of Japanese stone pine by the Eurasian Nutcracker

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuhiro Hayashida
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Stone Pine

Dung beetles are critical in preventing post-dispersal seed removal by rodents in Congo rain forest

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 507-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Beaune ◽  
Loïc Bollache ◽  
François Bretagnolle ◽  
Barbara Fruth
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Dung Beetles ◽  
Seed Removal ◽  
Animal Dung ◽  
Secondary Seed Dispersal

Dung beetles (Scarabaeidae subfamily Scarabaeinae) are ubiquitous and play an important role in the removal of animal dung and the dispersal of seeds embedded therein. They exhibit a range of dung-acquisition and burying behaviours, from burying dung directly beneath the dung deposit to rolling dung balls up to several metres. Dung beetles act as important agents for secondary seed dispersal and seed survival: the burial of seeds is said to be of advantage against predators and desiccation (Andresen & Feer 2005, Culot et al. 2009, Feer 1999). In addition, burial of seeds by dung beetles is considered beneficial as seeds are not only deposited within the range of depths that are favourable for seedling establishment but also among organic fertilizer that is said to increase seedling growth rates (Andresen 1999, 2002; Estrada & Coates-Estrada 1991, Shepherd & Chapman 1998).

Patterns of willow seed dispersal, seed entrapment, and seedling establishment in a heavily browsed montane riparian ecosystem

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 678-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward A Gage ◽  
David J Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Surface Relief ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Seed Rain ◽  
Seed Sources

Declines in riparian willow (Salix spp.) communities in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA , coincident with a large increase in elk (Cervus elaphus L.) populations, has raised concerns about the future of willow communities. To identify possible constraints on willow establishment in two heavily browsed riparian areas, in 2000 and 2001, we examined seed dispersal phenology, germinability, and the spatial patterns of aerial seed rain, quantified the effects of soil surface relief, texture, and moisture on seed entrapment, and examined natural patterns of seedling emergence in relation to seed source proximity. All species dispersed seeds following peak streamflow and exhibited high germination rates (85%–99%). Total seed rain differed between years, although broad spatial patterns were similar. Seed rain density as high as 7650 seeds/m2 occurred in reference areas but declined by over two orders of magnitude in heavily disturbed areas and by >90% within 200 m of seed sources. Seed entrapment rates varied significantly with soil moisture and surface relief, but not with texture, and were low (<30%) regardless of treatment. Seedling density declined with distance from seed sources, suggesting that propagule availability may limit initial seedling establishment. Without a change in elk population or behavior, or intervention by park managers, degradation of willow communities will likely continue.Key words: Salix, riparian, dispersal, ungulates, elk.

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