Island Administration in the South West Pacific: Government and Reconstruction in New Caledonia, the New Hebrides, and the British Solomon Islands

1951 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 508
Author(s):  
Raymond E. Murphy ◽  
Cyril S. Belshaw
Keyword(s):  
New Caledonia ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
The South ◽  
West Pacific ◽  
South West ◽  
New Hebrides

scholarly journals Evaluation of Satellite Precipitation Estimates over the South West Pacific Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 3929
Author(s):  
Ashley Wild ◽  
Zhi-Weng Chua ◽  
Yuriy Kuleshov
Keyword(s):  
New Caledonia ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
The South ◽  
West Pacific ◽  
Satellite Precipitation ◽  
South West ◽  
Precipitation Estimates ◽  
The Usa

Rainfall estimation over the Pacific region is difficult due to the large distances between rain gauges and the high convection nature of many rainfall events. This study evaluates space-based rainfall observations over the South West Pacific Region from the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency’s (JAXA) Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP), the USA National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Climate Prediction Center morphing technique (CMORPH), the Climate Hazards group Infrared Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS), and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG). The technique of collocation analysis (CA) is used to compare the performance of monthly satellite precipitation estimates (SPEs). Multi-Source Weighted-Ensemble Precipitation (MSWEP) was used as a reference dataset to compare with each SPE. European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts' (ECMWF) ERA5 reanalysis was also combined with Soil Moisture-2-Rain–ASCAT (SM2RAIN–ASCAT) to perform triple CA for the six sub-regions of Fiji, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea (PNG), the Solomon Islands, Timor, and Vanuatu. It was found that GSMaP performed best over low rain gauge density areas, including mountainous areas of PNG (the cross-correlation, CC = 0.64), and the Solomon Islands (CC = 0.74). CHIRPS had the most consistent performance (high correlations and low errors) across all six sub-regions in the study area. Based on the results, recommendations are made for the use of SPEs over the South West Pacific Region.

Larval trypanorhynch cestodes in teleost fish from Moreton Bay, Queensland

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2123 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Beveridge ◽  
T. H. Cribb ◽  
S. C. Cutmore
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Teleost Fish ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
The South ◽  
West Pacific ◽  
Moreton Bay ◽  
South West ◽  
Lizard Island ◽  
The World

During a helminthological examination of teleost fish of Moreton Bay (Qld, Australia), 976 fish from 13 orders, 57 families and 133 species were examined and nine species of trypanorhynch metacestodes were identified. Callitetrarhynchus gracilis (Rudolphi, 1819) was the most frequently encountered species, found in 16 species of fish, with Callitetrarhynchus speciosus (Linton, 1897), Pterobothrium pearsoni (Southwell, 1929), Otobothrium alexanderi Palm, 2004, Otobothrium mugilis Hiscock, 1954, Otobothrium parvum Beveridge & Justine, 2007, Proemotobothrium southwelli Beveridge & Campbell, 2001, Pseudotobothrium dipsacum (Linton, 1897) and Heteronybelinia cf. heteromorphi Palm, 1999 occurring in fewer host species and at lower prevalences. Comparisons are made with studies elsewhere in the world and specifically within the South-west Pacific. Of the best studied regions in the South-west Pacific (Heron Island, Lizard Island, New Caledonia and now Moreton Bay), the fauna from Moreton Bay was found to be the most distinctive, with fauna from the three reef locations sharing 35–48% of species between sites and just 12–24% with Moreton Bay. The fauna of trypanorhynch cestodes from Lizard Island and New Caledonia was found to be the most similar.

One New Genus and Four New Species of Terrestrial Mesoveliidae (Hemiptera: Gerromorpha) from Australia and New Caledonia

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 943 ◽  
Author(s):  
MB Malipatil ◽  
GB Monteith
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
The South ◽  
Altitudinal Distribution ◽  
West Pacific ◽  
South West ◽  
Generalized Distribution

Austrovelia, gen. nov. (type-species A. queenslandica, sp. nov., from North Queensland), A. caledonica, sp. nov. (from New Caledonia), and Phrynovelia caledonica, sp. nov., and P. bimaculata, sp. nov. (both from New Caledonia) are described and compared with related known genera and species. Altitudinal distribution of A, queenslandica and biogeographic affinities between New Caledonia and the Mount Sorrow tableland in North Queensland are discussed, and a generalized distribution of terrestrial Mesoveliidae in the south-west Pacific is given.

Nomenclatural and type catalogue of Athoracophoridae (Mollusca: Eupulmonata: Succineoidea): a synopsis of the first 185 years of biodiscovery in the South West Pacific region

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4434 (2) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
GARY M. BARKER
Keyword(s):  
New Caledonia ◽  
Species Group ◽  
The South ◽  
Systematic Revision ◽  
West Pacific ◽  
South West ◽  
Systematic Effort ◽  
The Family ◽  
Biogeographic Region ◽  
Faunal Element

Athoracophoridae are succineoidean terrestrial slugs that constitute a distinctive faunal element of the South West Pacific biogeographic region, with representatives in New Guinea, Australia, New Caledonia, Vanuatu and New Zealand. Despite many studies on morphology, taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships since the first species description in 1832, the understanding of the diversity within the family, as reported in published literature, remains poor with regional disparities in collection and systematic effort, in taxonomic concepts, and in adherence to type concepts. The systematics of Athoracophoridae needs to be re-evaluated through a modern, phylogenetic approach to properly document infra-familial evolution and taxon diversity, advance understanding of evolutionary relationships with other Eupulmonata, and to delineate evolutionary units for conservation prioritization. A catalogue of all class-, family-, genus- and species-group names erected for or used to include Athoracophoridae over the 185 year period 1832 to 2017 is provided, as a first step towards a systematic revision. The following nomenclatural changes are made: lectotype designation for Aneitea macdonaldii Gray, 1860; lectotype designation for Janella papillata Hutton, 1879; type species designation for Amphikonophora Suter, 1897; and lectotype designation for Athoracophorus verrucosus Simroth, 1889. 

Marine biology. Geomorphology of the Solomon Islands coral reefs

1969 ◽  
Vol 255 (800) ◽  
pp. 355-382 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Great Barrier Reef ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Marine Biology ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Barrier Reef ◽  
The South ◽  
South West ◽  
New Hebrides ◽  
Made In

The opportunity to study the coral reefs of the Solomon Islands was valuable for two reasons. First, the Melanesian region has been remarkably neglected by reef workers. To the south-west, the Great Barrier Reef Expedition of 1928-9 provided a basis for understanding Australian reefs; the Snellius Expedition explored those of Indonesia; the Japanese and more recently the Americans have studied the high islands of Micronesia, especially Guam and Saipan; and much recent work has been carried out on the atolls of the Carolines and Marshalls. Within Melanesia itself, the Gatala Aquarium in Noumea and the Singer-Polignac Expedition have begun work on the New Caledonian reefs; the Noona Dan Expedition visited the Bismarck Archipelago and Rennell Island; and some prewar studies were made in Fiji and the New Hebrides. Almost no work at all had been done in the Solomon Islands before 1965, with one notable exception.

Karyotypes of South-West Pacific Ranid Frogs (Anura:Ranidae)

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
MJ Mahony ◽  
RM Norris ◽  
SC Donnellan
Keyword(s):  
Diploid Number ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
The South ◽  
West Pacific ◽  
Fundamental Number ◽  
South West ◽  
Telocentric Chromosomes

Karyotypes of 12 species from five genera of Australian, New Guinean and Solomon Islands ranid frogs are reported and for convenience are compared and contrasted with the 2n = 26, fundamental number (FN) = 52 karyotype of Rana, the typical karyotype of the subfamily Raninae. This karyotype was found in the four species of Rana examined. One species, Ceratobatrachus guentheri, had an increased diploid number of 30, a lower FN of 38, and altered relative lengths and centromere positions of pairs 1-5, and several of the smaller pairs. These changes could have resulted from centric fissions and pericentric rearrangements which produced an increase in the number of telocentric chromosomes. Eight species, Batrachylodes vertebralis, Discodeles bufoniformis, D. guppyi, Platymantis boulengeri, P. myersi, P. neckeri, P. solomonis and P. weberi, had reduced diploid numbers and FN. The means by which reduction in diploid number and FN has occurred in these species is unknown, but may involve centric fissions to produce telocentrics, followed by translocation onto other chromosomes, or a process involving pericentric rearrangements to produce telocentric chromosomes followed by fusion of these products. With the exception of Rana, the level of chromosomal rearrangements in the south-west Pacific ranid frogs that occur on archipelagos is high compared with that observed in the continental lineages of this subfamily.

scholarly journals ENSO and interdecadal climate variability over the last century documented by geochemical records of two coral cores from the South West Pacific

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ourbak ◽  
T. Corrège ◽  
B. Malaizé ◽  
F. Le Cornec ◽  
K. Charlier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sea Surface Salinity ◽  
The South ◽  
Surface Salinity ◽  
West Pacific ◽  
South West

Abstract. The south west Pacific is affected by climatic phenomena such as ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation) or the PDO (Pacific Decadal Oscillation). Near-monthly resolution calibrations of Sr/Ca, U/Ca and δ18Oc were made on corals taken from New Caledonia and Wallis Island. These geochemical variations could be linked to SST (sea surface temperature) and SSS (sea surface salinity) variations over the last two decades, itselves dependent on ENSO occurrences. On the other hand, near-half-yearly resolution over the last century smoothes seasonal and interannual climate signals, but emphasizes low frequency climate variability.

scholarly journals Global analysis of gene expression dynamics within the marine microbial community during the VAHINE mesocosm experiment in the South West Pacific

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Pfreundt ◽  
Dina Spungin ◽  
Sophie Bonnet ◽  
lana Berman-Frank ◽  
Wolfgang R. Hess
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
High Expression ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
The South ◽  
West Pacific ◽  
South West

Abstract. The dynamics of microbial gene expression was followed for 23 days within a mesocosm (M1) isolating 50 m3 of seawater and in the surrounding waters in the Nouméa lagoon, New Caledonia, in the South West Pacific as part of the VAHINE experiment. The aim of this experiment was to examine the fate of diazotroph-derived nitrogen (DDN) in a Low Nutrient, Low Chlorophyll ecosystem. In the lagoon, gene expression was dominated by the cyanobacterium Synechococcus, closely followed by alphaproteobacteria. In contrast, alphaproteobacteria dominated the gene expression in M1 until day 12, among them Rhodobacteraceae, rapidly gaining a high share in the metatranscriptome and peaking at day 4, followed by a burst in Altermonadaceae-related gene expression on days 8 and 10 and from Idiomarinaceae on day 10 in rapid succession. Thus, drastic dynamical changes in the microbial community composition and activity were triggered within the mesocosm already within the first 4 days, whereas the composition and activity of the lagoon ecosystem appeared more stable, although following similar temporal trends. We detected significant gene expression from Chromerida in M1, as well as the Nouméa lagoon, suggesting these photoautotrophic alveolates were present in substantial numbers in the open water. Other clearly detectable groups contributing to the metatranscriptome were affiliated with marine Euryarchaeota Candidatus Thalassoarchaea (inside and outside) and Myoviridae bacteriophages likely infecting Synechococcus, specifically inside M1. The high expression of genes encoding ammonium transporters and glutamine synthetase in many different taxa (e.g., Pelagibacteraceae, Synechococcus, Prochlorococcus and Rhodobacteraceae) observed in M1 over long periods underscored the preference of most bacteria for this nitrogen source. In contrast, Alteromonadaceae highly expressed urease genes, and also Rhodobacteraceae and Prochlorococcus showed some urease expression. Nitrate reductase expression was detected on day 10 very prominently in Synechococcus and in the Halomonadaceae. The mesocosm was fertilized by the addition of phosphate on day 4, thus genes involved in phosphate assimilation were analysed in more detail. Expression of alkaline phosphatase was prominent between day 12 and 23 in different organisms and not expressed before the fertilization, suggesting that the microbial community was initially adapted to the ambient phosphate levels and not phosphate limited, whereas the post-fertilization community had to actively acquire it. At the same time, most pronounced on day 23, we observed the high expression of the Synechococcus sqdB gene, encoding an enzyme for the synthesis of sulphoquinovosyldiacylglycerols, which might substitute phospholipids. In this way marine picocyanobacteria could minimize their phosphorus requirements, which is further consistent with the idea of phosphorus stress at the end of the experiment. The specific gene expression of diazotrophic cyanobacteria could be mainly attributed to Trichodesmium and Richelia intracellularis strains (diatom-diazotroph associations), both in the Nouméa lagoon and initially in M1. Strikingly, Trichodesmium transcript abundance was an order of magnitude higher in M1 than in the lagoon on days 2 and 4, dropping steeply after that. UCYN-A (Candidatus Atelocyanobacterium) transcripts were the third most abundant and declined both inside and outside after day 4, consistent with both 16S- and nifH-based analyses. Consistent with UCYN-C nifH tags increasing after day 14 in M1, transcripts related to the Epithemia turgida endosymbiont and Cyanothece ATCC 51142 increased from day 14 and maintained a higher share until the end of the experiment at day 23, suggesting these cyanobacteria were causing the observed high N2 fixation rates.

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