Health Conditions in Rural and Urban Areas of Developing Countries

1964 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwendolyn Z. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

Relating Household Consumption Expenditures to Road Traffic Fatalities: A Rural–Urban Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110332
Author(s):  
Ruchika Agarwala ◽  
Vinod Vasudevan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Household Expenditure ◽  
Traffic Fatality ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Relationship

Research shows that traffic fatality risk is generally higher in rural areas than in urban areas. In developing countries, vehicle ownership and investments in public transportation typically increase with economic growth. These two factors together increase the vehicle population, which in turn affects traffic safety. This paper presents a study focused on the relationship of various factors—including household consumption expenditure data—with traffic fatality in rural and urban areas and thereby aims to fill some of the gaps in the literature. One such gap is the impacts of personal and non-personal modes of travel on traffic safety in rural versus urban areas in developing countries which remains unexplored. An exhaustive panel data modeling approach is adopted. One important finding of this study is that evidence exists of a contrasting relationship between household expenditure and traffic fatality in rural and urban areas. The relationship between household expenditure and traffic fatality is observed to be positive in rural areas and a negative in urban areas. Increases in most expenditure variables, such as fuel, non-personal modes of travel, and two-wheeler expenditures, are found to be associated with an increase in traffic fatality in rural areas.

scholarly journals Microcredit As A Tool For Rural Development: A Case Study Of Malaysia

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wali I. Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

Malaysia is a prosperous country in Southeast Asia with two distinct geographical sections separated by the China Sea. Because the country has one of the lowest poverty rates of any developing country with 5.1 per cent of its population living below the poverty line, microcredit projects which are typically aimed at poverty alleviation, have not grown as rapidly as in other developing countries. However, microcredit and microfinancing lead to the growth of the microentrepreneur class in both rural and urban areas. Historically, of the 11 economic sectors of Malaysia, four sectors, namely Agriculture, forestry and fisheries; Mining and quarrying; Construction; and Wholesale and retail trade, hotels and restaurant did not grow at the rate of other economic sectors. A significant amount of economic activities of these four sectors take place in rural Malaysia. This was confirmed by the results of a Shift-Share analysis conducted by the author for the period of 2000-2005 and later compared with similar statistics for 2010. Using these results and comparing the success of microcredit in other developing countries, a case is made for sustained investment in microenterprises throughout rural Malaysia in the four sectors noted above.

scholarly journals Organisational factors affecting Emergency Medical Services’ performance in rural and urban areas of Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Ramdan M Alanazy ◽  
John Fraser ◽  
Stuart Wark
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Emergency Medical Services ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Time Service ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Organisational Factors

Abstract Background:There is a disparity in outcomes between rural and urban emergency medical services (EMS) in both developed and developing countries. However, there is a scarcity of research that directly asks EMS staff in both rural and urban areas of developing countries how service delivery could be improved. The aim of the present study is to gain insights from frontline workers regarding organisational factors that may underpin discrepancies between rural and urban EMS performance.Subject and Methods:The study was undertaken in the Riyadh region of Saudi Arabia, with 20 participants (10 rural, 10 urban) drawn from Saudi Red Crescent EMS. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken between October 2019 and July 2020. All interviews were conducted in Arabic, transcribed verbatim and translated into English. Results:Data analyses identified key organisational factors that resulted in barriers and impediments for EMS staff. Differences and similarities were observed between rural and urban respondents, with identified issues including response and transportation time, service coordination, reason for call-out, as well as human and physical resourcing.Conclusion:The findings identified key issues impacting on EMS performance across both rural and urban areas. In order to address these problems, changes are recommended. These recommendations include a comprehensive review of rural EMS vehicles, with a particular focus on the age; incentives to improve the numbers of paramedics in rural areas and more localised specialist training opportunities for rurally-based personnel; and the implementation of national public education program focusing on the role of the EMS.

Prevalence of Occupational Health Hazards in Dentists, Final Year Bachelor of Dental Surgery Students and Dental Assistants of Lahore

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
OJS Admin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
Dental Surgery ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Dental Assistants

The burden of occupational health hazards in dentists, final year bachelor of dental surgery (BDS) students and dental assistants are tremendous. Developing countries have controversial situation about the prevalence because of inadequate facilities in rural and urban areas of each nation.

Management of minor ailments in primary schoolchildren in rural and urban areas

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-174
Author(s):  
J A Cantrill ◽  
B Johannesson ◽  
M Nicholson ◽  
P R Noyce
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Primary Schoolchildren ◽  
Minor Ailments

Classroom Management

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Elida Kurti
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Management ◽  
General Education ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Intellectual Level

This paper aims to reflect an effort to identify the problems associated with the educational learning process, as well as its function to express some inherent considerations to the most effective forms of the classroom management. Mentioned in this discussion are ways of management for various categories of students, not only from an intellectual level, but also by their behavior. Also, in the elaboration of this theme I was considering that in addition to other development directions of the country, an important place is occupied by the education of the younger generation in our school environments and especially in adopting the methods of teaching and learning management with a view to enable this generation to be competitive in the European labor market. This, of course, can be achieved by giving this generation the best values of behavior, cultural level, professional level and ethics one of an European family which we belong to, not just geographically. On such foundations, we have tried to develop this study, always improving the reality of the prolonged transition in the field of children’s education. Likewise, we have considered the factors that have left their mark on the structure, cultural level and general education level of children, such as high demographic turnover associated with migration from rural and urban areas, in the capacity of our educational institutions to cope with new situations etc. In the conclusions of this study is shown that there is required a substantial reform even in the pro-university educational system to ensure a significant improvement in the behavior of children, relations between them and the sound quality of their preparation. Used literature for this purpose has not been lacking, due to the fact that such problems are usually treated by different scholars. Likewise, we found it appropriate to use the ideas and issues discussed by the foreign literature that deals directly with classroom management problems. All the following treatise is intended to reflect the way of an effective classroom management.

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