scholarly journals Abstract classes with few models have ‘homogeneous-universal’ models

1995 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 246-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Baldwin ◽  
S. Shelah
Keyword(s):  
Amalgamation Property ◽  
Prime Model ◽  
Universal Model ◽  
Natural Notion ◽  
Winning Strategies ◽  
Universal Domain ◽  
Abstract Notion ◽  
Normal Sense ◽  
Weak Extension

This paper is concerned with a class K of models and an abstract notion of submodel ≤. Experience in first order model theory has shown the desirability of finding a ‘monster model’ to serve as a universal domain for K. In the original constructions of Jónsson and Fraïssé, K was a universal class and ordinary substructure played the role of ≤. Working with a cardinal λ satisfying λ<λ = λ guarantees appropriate downward Löwenheim-Skolem theorems; the existence and uniqueness of a homogeneous-universal model appears to depend centrally on the amalgamation property. We make this apparent dependence more precise in this paper.The major innovation of this paper is the introduction of a weaker notion (chain homogeneous-universal) to replace the natural notion of (K, <)-homogeneous-universal model. Modulo a weak extension of ZFC (provable if V = L), we show (Corollary 5.24) that a class K obeying certain minimal restrictions satisfies a fundamental dichotomy. For arbitrarily large λ, either K has the maximal number of models in power λ or K has a unique chain homogeneous-universal model of power λ. We show (5.25) in a class with amalgamation this dichotomy holds for the notion of K-homogeneous-universal model in the more normal sense.The methods here allow us to improve our earlier results [5] in two other ways: certain requirements on all chains of a given length are replaced by requiring winning strategies in certain games; the notion of a canonically prime model is avoided. A full understanding of these extensions requires consideration of the earlier papers but we summarize them quickly here.

Race Doesn’t Matter

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey D. Fields
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Black Community ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
Black People ◽  
Black Identity ◽  
Racial Uplift ◽  
Conservative Politics ◽  
Abstract Notion

This chapter focuses on African American Republicans who can be labeled as “color-blind” because their strategy for linking black identity to Republican politics involves de-emphasizing the role of race in black people's lives. These African American Republicans see themselves as linked to a broader black community, but they reject identity politics as the pathway to racial uplift. They endorse Republican social policy as part of a commitment to an abstract notion of conservative politics, not because the policies are good for black people. Indeed, for race-blind African American Republicans, the best thing for blacks is to abandon race-based identity politics.

6. Winning strategies

2017 ◽  
pp. 76-96
Author(s):  
Tristram D. Wyatt
Keyword(s):  
Kin Selection ◽  
Behavioural Ecology ◽  
Economic Decisions ◽  
Winning Strategies ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Evolution Of Eusociality ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Many

The field of behavioural ecology, developed in the 1960s and 1970s, offered new ideas and provided powerful ways of exploring how behaviour evolves. Behavioural ecology examines how the evolution of behaviour is related to an individual’s chance of survival or reproductive success. ‘Winning strategies’ considers the many successes of behavioural ecology in explaining different animal behaviours: the economic decisions made by certain species when feeding or during reproduction; the role of the sexes in parental care; mating systems; sperm competition and cryptic female choice; sexual conflict; altruistic behaviour; kin selection theory; cooperative breeding; and the evolution of eusociality.

scholarly journals Games and full completeness for multiplicative linear logic

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 543-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samson Abramsky ◽  
Radha Jagadeesan
Keyword(s):  
Linear Logic ◽  
Winning Strategy ◽  
Game Semantics ◽  
Categorical Model ◽  
Natural Notion ◽  
Winning Strategies

AbstractWe present a game semantics for Linear Logic, in which formulas denote games and proofs denote winning strategies. We show that our semantics yields a categorical model of Linear Logic and prove full completeness for Multiplicative Linear Logic with the MIX rule: every winning strategy is the denotation of a unique cut-free proof net. A key role is played by the notion of history-free strategy; strong connections are made between history-free strategies and the Geometry of Interaction. Our semantics incorporates a natural notion of polarity, leading to a refined treatment of the additives. We make comparisons with related work by Joyal, Blass, et al.

scholarly journals 中国现当代小说中的故乡构建初探 (Literary Nativism, the Native Place and Modern Chinese Fiction)

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiyan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Literature ◽  
Literary Representations ◽  
Modern Chinese ◽  
National Representation ◽  
Chinese Fiction ◽  
Abstract Notion ◽  
Modern Chinese Fiction ◽  
The One ◽  
Native Place

Although the importance of the native place in Chinese life is beyond dispute and it has been a significant preoccupation of Chinese authors throughout history, literary representations of the native place still remain to be studied systematically. This paper attempts to examine the construction of the native place in modern Chinese fiction and its role in literary representations of China. Until the beginning of the twentieth century, the native place in Chinese literature remained an abstract notion without specific geographical locations and the narrative focus was on the ‘native-place sentiment’ (Bryna Goodman 1995). It is a modern phenomenon that the native place appears as a local cultural space with ethnographic details and is closely related to the need for narrating China, although it can still be abstract and symbolic. The construction of the native place is crucial in the project of national narration for modern Chinese fiction, as it is often created as the nation’s cultural origin and authentication. However, the relationship between the native place and national representation in Chinese fiction is paradoxical, because, on the one hand the native place necessarily differs in origin, and on the other hand, many Chinese authors are devoted to China as a cultural totality. This paper will focus on the paradoxical relationship between the authors’ nativist aspirations to create distinctive local cultural identities and their commitment to the abstract idea of a single Chinese nation. Furthermore, both the native place and national narration are intricately associated with the tendency of literary nativism, i.e. the belief and the practice that literary writing should focus on constructing the native place and that the narrative style should continue and develop the indigenous narrative traditions. In other words, poetics is part of the politics in the configuration of the native place. The initial questions I shall try to answer include: How is the native place viewed and configured in modern Chinese fiction? What kinds of local stories are generated as national tales and what is the role of the native place in such narratives? Why do writers ‘write local but think national’? Why do national myths in Chinese regional literatures compete to identify with the central nation-state?

scholarly journals Pragmatisierung der Syntax

2018 ◽  
pp. 187-200
Author(s):  
Ewa Żebrowska
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Universal Model

This article presents the role of modeling in linguistics. It is used to recognize regularities in the language. Special emphasis was put on the linguistic analysis universal model of Józef Darski. The author of the paper has successfully applied it to the study of morphology and syntax at the dialectal level.

scholarly journals COGNITIVE SCIENCE DAN COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT DALAM PEMROSESAN INFORMASI (INFORMATION PROCESSING) PADAANAK

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-230
Author(s):  
Ellen Prima
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Learning And Development ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Universal Domain ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Explicit Cognitions

Cognitive science is a science which studies how human mental processes to influence one’s behavior. Principal major issue that needs to be known in the understanding of cognitive science and their development is related to how the initial state of cognitive science itself, the mind is adapted, the development process starting from the concrete to the abstract, the conceptual nature of the change, the difference between learning and development, format representation of the underlying changes in development, the role of implicit and explicit cognitions in the development, the role of the association and the rules in the development, the universal development, cognitive domain and how to influence the development of brain structure. There are three difference in the cognitive domain of the most common sense that domain as a module, as the domain of expertise, and domain as a model of mind. Ilmu kognitif adalah suatu pengetahuan yang mempelajari tentang bagaimana proses mental manusia dalam mempengaruhi perilaku seseorang. Pokok pembahasan utama yang perlu diketahui dalam memahami ilmu kognitif dan perkembangannya yaitu terkait dengan bagaimana keadaan awal dari ilmu kognitif itu sendiri, pikiran yang teradaptasi, proses perkembangan mulai dari hal yang kongkrit sampai dengan abstrak, sifat konseptual dalam perubahan, perbedaan antara belajar dan pengembangan, format representasi yang mendasari perubahan dalam perkembangan, peran kognisi implisit dan eksplisit dalam perkembangan, peran asosiasi dan aturan dalam perkembangan, perkembangan secara universal, domain kognitif dan bagaimana struktur otak mempengaruhi perkembangan. Ada tiga perbedaan domain kognitif dari indera yang paling umum yaitu domain sebagai modul, domain sebagai bidang keahlian, dan domain sebagai model pikiran.

scholarly journals The Didactical Contract Surrounding CAS when Changing Teachers in the Classroom

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uffe Thomas Jankvist ◽  
Morten Misfeldt ◽  
Anders Marcussen
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Recent Change ◽  
School Mathematics ◽  
Upper Secondary School ◽  
Secondary School Mathematics ◽  
Upper Secondary ◽  
Winning Strategies ◽  
Crucial Part ◽  
Selection Of

The article discusses three empirical examples of Computer Algebra System (CAS) use in Danish upper secondary school mathematics class with a recent change of teacher. All examples lead to didactical problems surrounding the situation and unclear expectations between teacher and students, involving loss of students’ mathematical skills and confidence, loss of global mathematical perspective, and the students losing sight of the mathematical objects in question. The article is the result of collaboration between two mathematics education researchers and an upper secondary school mathematics teacher, who experienced severe difficulties when taking over a class from another teacher. CAS was experienced as a crucial part of and reason for these difficulties. As a means for investigating the potential reasons behind the difficulties, a selection of constructs from the Theory of Didactical Situations (TDS) is applied. In particular, it is observed that unclear contractual relations about the role of CAS bring with them misguided winning strategies and metacognitive shifts, eventually causing the students to ‘lose the game’.

Role of stem cells in large animal genetic engineering in the TALENs–CRISPR era

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ki-Eun Park ◽  
Bhanu Prakash V. L. Telugu
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Zinc Finger Nucleases ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Prime Model ◽  
Transcription Activator

The establishment of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and gene targeting technologies in mice has revolutionised the field of genetics. The relative ease with which genes can be knocked out, and exogenous sequences introduced, has allowed the mouse to become the prime model for deciphering the genetic code. Not surprisingly, the lack of authentic ESCs has hampered the livestock genetics field and has forced animal scientists into adapting alternative technologies for genetic engineering. The recent discovery of the creation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by upregulation of a handful of reprogramming genes has offered renewed enthusiasm to animal geneticists. However, much like ESCs, establishing authentic iPSCs from the domestic animals is still beset with problems, including (but not limited to) the persistent expression of reprogramming genes and the lack of proven potential for differentiation into target cell types both in vitro and in vivo. Site-specific nucleases comprised of zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and clustered regulated interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) emerged as powerful genetic tools for precisely editing the genome, usurping the need for ESC-based genetic modifications even in the mouse. In this article, in the aftermath of these powerful genome editing technologies, the role of pluripotent stem cells in livestock genetics is discussed.

The Identity Crisis in Language Motivation Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali H. Al-Hoorie ◽  
Phil Hiver ◽  
Tae-Young Kim ◽  
Peter I. De Costa
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Systems ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Identity Crisis ◽  
Dynamic Systems Theory ◽  
Complex Dynamic ◽  
Three Solutions ◽  
Complex Dynamic Systems ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Abstract Notion

The 40th anniversary of the Journal of Language and Social Psychology occurs around the corner of another anniversary, the language motivation field reaching 60 years. At this occasion, we pause to reflect on the contribution of language motivation research to language teaching practice. We argue that this contribution has been negligible and put forward two main reasons. The first is related to an identity crisis in the language motivation field, falling at the intersection of applied linguistics, education, and psychology; the second is the marginalization of the role of context. To address these issues, we first present insights from two perspectives—sociocultural theory and complex dynamic systems theory—and then propose three solutions to incorporate these insights: (1) moving from the abstract notion of “motivation” to the more tangible construct of “engagement”, (2) encouraging rigorous transdisciplinary research, and (3) taking advantage of the potential of artificial intelligence to translate research findings into practice.

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