Factors Affecting Changes in Short Terms Interest Rates

1927 ◽  
Vol 22 (158) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
W. Randolph Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Factors Affecting

DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN FISKAL TERHADAP KINERJA SEKTOR PERTANIAN DI SULAWESI TENGGARA

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
La Ode Jabuddin ◽  
Ayub M Padangaran ◽  
Azhar Bafadal Bafadal
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Simultaneous Equations ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Historical Simulation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Direct Expenditure

This study aims to: (1) Knowing the dynamics of fiscal policy and the performance of the agricultural sector, (2) Analyze the factors that influence fiscal policy and the performance                   of the agricultural sector, and (3) Analyzing the impact of fiscal policy on the performance of the agricultural sector. The data used in this study were pooled 2005-2013 data in the aggregate. Econometric model the impact of fiscal policy on the performance of the agricultural sector is built in the form of simultaneous equations, consisting of 7 equations with 25 total variables in the model, 7 endogenous variables, 12 exogenous variables, and 6 variables lag. The model is estimated by 2SLS method SYSLIN procedures and historical simulation with SIMNLIN procedure.The results showed that: (1) The development of fiscal policy in Southeast Sulawesi from year to year tends to increase, (2) The performance of the agricultural sector from the aspect of GDP has decreased, from the aspect of labor is still consistent, in terms of investment to grow positively, and assign roles which means to decrease the number of poor people, (3) factors affecting fiscal policy is local revenues, equalization funds, other revenues, as well as the lag fiscal policy, (4) the factors that affect the performance of the agricultural sector from the aspect GDP is labor, direct expenditure and GDP lag; from the aspect of labor is the total labor force, investment, land area, direct expenditure, as well as the lag of labor; from the aspect of investment is influenced by GDP per capita, land area, interest rates and investment lag; as well as from the aspect of poor people, are affected by population, investments, direct expenditure and poverty lag, (5). Fiscal policy impact on the agricultural sector GDP increase, a decrease in the number of poor, declining agricultural laborers, and a decrease in the amount of investment in the agricultural sector.Keywords: Fiscal policy, the performance of the agricultural sector, the simultaneous equations

DETERMINAN INFLASI DI INDONESIA PERIODE 1980-2015

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Risna Risna
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Money Supply ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
State Spending ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Interest Rate

This study aims to determine the effect of government spending, the money supply, the interest rate of Bank Indonesia against inflation.This study uses secondary data. Secondary data were obtained directly from the Central Bureau of Statistics and Bank Indonesia. It can be said that there are factors affecting inflationas government spending, money supply, and interest rates BI. The reseach uses a quantitative approach to methods of e-views in the data. The results of analysis of three variables show that state spending significantand positive impact on inflationin Indonesia, the money supply significantand negative to inflationin Indonesia, BI rate a significantand positive impact on inflation in Indonesia

scholarly journals К ВОПРОСУ ОЦЕНКИ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО И СОЦИАЛЬНОГО УЩЕРБА ОТ НАВОДНЕНИЙ

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.I. Surzhikov
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Direct Damage ◽  
Flooded Area ◽  
Material Values ◽  
Social Damage

В статье приведены результаты анализа работ отечественных авторов, посвященных оценке экономического и социального ущерба, наносимого опасными гидрологическими явлениями (наводнениями). Все методики носят рекомендательный характер. Авторами принимаются во внимание различные факторы, влияющие на размер ущерба. Использование различных критериев, составляющих ущерб, приводит к получению разных цифр. Большинство методик не являются комплексными, не учитывают региональную специфику. Чаще всего определяется только реальный или прогнозный прямой ущерб, в то время как косвенный ущерб не рассчитывается. Преобладают оценки экономического ущерба в связи с ориентацией статистики на учет материальных ценностей. Социальный ущерб от наводнений оценить сложнее. Однако ущерб здоровью пострадавших от наводнений людей представляет не меньшую проблему, чем ущерб экономики. В статье отмечается, что для минимизации негативного воздействия, наносимого опасными гидрологическими явлениями (наводнениями), чрезвычайно важным является определение территорий потенциально подверженных риску наводнений. Выделено три этапа. На первом этапе требуется создание банка гидрометеорологических данных (превышение опасной отметки уровня воды и случаи затопления близлежащего населённого пункта, максимальные уровни, расходы воды, водного режима). На втором этапе производятся гидрологические расчеты, определяются уровни и расходы воды разной процентной обеспеченности. На третьем этапе на основе данных дистанционного зондирования земли строится цифровой рельеф исследуемой территории, изолинии рельефа нужной детальности, карта зон затопления (на основе рассчитанных уровня и расхода воды разной процентной обеспеченности), определяются площади затопления при 1 и 10 обеспеченности. Завершающим шагом является добавление таких данных Публичной кадастровой карты, как площадь земельного участка, его кадастровая стоимость и вид разрешенного использования. Используя нормативы укрупненных удельных показателей стоимости прямого ущерба в расчете на 1 га затопляемой площади населенных пунктов, возможно рассчитать прогнозный экономический ущерб. Для расчета прогнозного социального ущерба потребуются данные численности населения, проживающего в прогнозируемых зонах затопления, его половозрастной состав, занятость.The article presents the results of an analysis of the works of domestic authors on the assessment of economic and social damage caused by dangerous hydrological phenomena (floods). All methods are advisory in nature. The authors take into account various factors affecting the amount of damage. The use of various criteria constituting the damage leads to different numbers. Most of the methods are not complex, do not take into account regional specifics. Most often, only real or forecast direct damage is determined, while indirect damage is not calculated. Estimates of economic damage prevail in connection with the orientation of statistics on accounting for material values. Social damage from floods is more difficult to assess. However, the damage to the health of people affected by floods is no less a problem than damage to the economy. The article notes that in order to minimize the negative impact caused by hazardous hydrological events (floods), it is extremely important to identify areas that are potentially at risk of floods. Three stages are distinguished. At the first stage, the creation of a hydrometeorological data bank is required (excess of a dangerous water level mark and cases of flooding of a nearby settlement, maximum levels, water discharge, water regime). At the second stage, hydrological calculations are made, the levels and discharges of water of different interest rates are determined. At the third stage, based on the data of remote sensing of the earth, a digital topography of the study area, contour contours of the required detail, a map of flood zones (based on the calculated level and flow rate of water with different percentage coverage) are built, and the flood areas are determined at 1 and 10 coverage. The final step is to add such data of the Public Cadastral Map as the area of the land plot, its cadastral value and type of permitted use. Using the standards of aggregated specific indicators of the cost of direct damage per 1 ha of flooded area of settlements, it is possible to calculate the predicted economic damage. To calculate the predicted social damage, you will need data on the number of people living in the forecasted flood zones, their gender and age composition, and employment.

scholarly journals Is there a bubble in the Swedish housing market?

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maher Asal
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Housing Market ◽  
House Prices ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Housing Price ◽  
User Cost ◽  
Return To Equilibrium ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the presence of a housing bubble using Swedish data from 1986Q1-2016Q4 by using various methods. Design/methodology/approach First, the authors use affordability indicators and asset-pricing approaches, including the price-to-income ratio, price-to-rent ratio and user cost, supplemented by a qualitative discussion of other factors affecting house prices. Second, the authors use cointegration techniques to compute the fundamental (or long-run) price, which is then compared with the actual price to test the degree of Sweden’s housing price bubble during the studied period. Third, they apply the univariate right-tailed unit root test procedure to capture bursting bubbles and to date-stamp bubbles. Findings The authors find evidence for rational housing bubbles with explosive behavioral components beginning in 2004. These bubbles do not continuously diverge but instead periodically revert to their fundamental value. However, the deviation is persistent, and without any policy correction, it takes decades for real house prices to return to equilibrium. Originality/value The policy implication is that monetary policy designed to contain mortgage demand and thereby prevent burst episodes in the housing market must address external imbalances, as revealed in real exchange rate undervaluation. It is unlikely that current policies will stop the rise of house prices, as the growth of mortgage credit, improvement in Sweden’s international competitiveness and the path of interest rates are much more important factors.

Factors affecting Chinese farmers’ microcredit participation

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Qin ◽  
Cheryl Joy Wachenheim ◽  
Zhigang Wang ◽  
Shi Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Family Characteristics ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Heckman Model ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Financial Exclusion ◽  
Loan Approval

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate factors affecting use of microcredit among farmers in Northern China. Design/methodology/approach A two-stage Heckman model is used to estimate the effect of farmer and family characteristics and loan and lending environment on likelihood of farmer participation in microcredit and the value of loans taken. Data from 342 first-hand observations in Northern China were used. Findings Social capital, production cost, non-labor family members, income, guarantee group membership, village head loan guarantee, and messenger use were found to increase use of microcredit. The same factors were found to affect the value of loans among participating farmers except a guarantor requirement for the loan replaces membership in a guarantee group. Practical implications Results support that there is demand for microcredit among farmers and that they are willing to take steps to obtain it including seeking membership in a household guarantee group. Identification of faced constraints facilitates understanding of supply-side efforts with potential to decrease financial exclusion with a focus on external-to-market intervention. Originality/value Pivotal findings are the importance of guarantee group membership for loan approval and that this requirement hinders farmers’ ability to obtain credit. Three alternatives are suggested to overcome this constraint including excluding low-risk borrowers from a group guarantee requirement; charging higher interest rates on high risk loans not supported by a guarantee; and development of insurance options to replace the guarantee.

scholarly journals Implementation of corporate governance mechanisms in tourism

10.26458/1846 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 113-122
Author(s):  
Fuad Jabbarov
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Corporate Management ◽  
Governance Mechanisms ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Corporate Governance Mechanisms ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Economic State ◽  
Internal And External Factors

The article is devoted to forming of effective mechanisms that regulate economic activity of subjects. The economic state affects activity of companies, especially in tourism. The aim of this paper is to show that how implementation of corporate governance mechanisms provides greater transparency in the tourism sector, as well as a higher level of alignment of the domestic regulatory framework with the principles applied in the developed economies in this industry.  Different internal and external factors affecting the steady development and development of companies. Currency parity and increase of bank interest rates and their influence on a tourist stream. Forming of steady mechanisms by means of implementation of elements and principles of corporate management. Possibilities of adaptation and implementation of mechanisms of corporate management.

scholarly journals An Evaluation Of Factors Influencing Pension Managers Investment Decisions In Kenya

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Jepchoge Rono
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Pension Fund ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Past Performance ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fund Managers ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Retirement Funds

This study focused on the analysis of factors influencing pension fund managers investment decisions. The objectives of the study were to identify investment options available to pension fund managers, identify factors that are considered by fund managers when making investment decisions and identify challenges faced by fund managers in making investment decisions. Three representatives from each of the twelve registered fund managers completed the study questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered through the drop and pick later method. Data was analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) and summarized using descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, frequencies, percentages. The study found out that returns, investment risks and trends in interest rates were the most important factors affecting pension managers investment decisions. Decision-making preferences, investment portfolio, past performance and legal framework were rated as less important. Consistency and return maximization in the rate of returns (sustainable long term returns), prevailing economic and political situations-inflation, global markets which determines key indicators like interest rates/ exchange and risk profile of the scheme investment (risk assessment of the board of trustees) in that order are also important qualitative factors in decision making for pension fund investment. The research also found out that few investment avenues/ vehicles, bureaucracy in consultations with trustees and unpredictable/ turbulent and dynamic market situations in that order are the major challenges facing fund managers investing pension funds. The researcher identified a need for a portfolio that will give higher returns. There is also need to harmonize all regulations relating to pensions in order to create efficiency and avoid confusion. The research also recommends that RBA benchmarks with the world best in order to help the sector to achieve growth. The promotion of retirement funds and regulatory functions should be separated to avoid conflict of interest in the two roles.

scholarly journals ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI HARGA DAN INTEGRASI HARGA OLEIN

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-48
Author(s):  
Desak Putu Ristami Paramita ◽  
Nunung Nuryartono ◽  
Noer Azam Achsani
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Futures Prices ◽  
Futures Trading ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
Price Fluctuations ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
In The Beginning

Olein production increased by 107.5 percent from 2002 to 2013. There was a change in consumption patterns where the consumption of olein intended for export has risen from only 39 percent in 2002 to 65 percent in 2013. In the beginning of 2008, olein prices increased due to the global financial crisis. In the end of 2008, olein prices decreased but since then olein prices fluctuations until the end of 2014. Many factors affecting the price fluctuations such as macroeconomic and microeconomic variables. Commodity market participants need to take action in response to price fluctuations by participating in commodity futures trading. Olein futures trading commodity in Indonesia is not well developed. This is indicated by small volumes of the transaction of olein futures contracts in Indonesia Commodity and Derivatives Exchange (ICDX) causing market participants to not using ICDX futures prices as a reference. The participants actually use the price of the Rotterdam exchange for their transactions of buying and selling. Therefore, this study aims to analyze factors influencing olein prices and analyze olein prices integration by using Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) method. Results showed that exchange rates, interest rates, money supply, CPO prices, and Indonesia's GDP affect olein prices. In addition, there is an integration between the physical prices, futures prices, and world reference prices in the long term. Key words : Factors Affecting Price, Olein, Price Integration, VECM

scholarly journals Debt and Economic Growth in South Asia

2001 ◽  
Vol 40 (4II) ◽  
pp. 677-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rehana Siddiqui ◽  
Afia Malik
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Income Country ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Low Income Country ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
The Impact

After 1980s, in most developing countries, the rate of debt accumulation and increase in debt servicing are highlighted as major factors affecting the growth rate of output. Most of these countries lost their competitiveness in the international market mainly as a result of insufficient exchange rate adjustments. In addition, the weakening of terms of trade, economic mismanagement and crisis of governance also lowered growth rates in the developing countries. The downward pressure was larger in the countries facing higher debt burden as these countries faced higher interest rates, decline in the external resource inflow, lower export earnings, lower domestic output and lower imports. In case of South Asian countries, the external debt scenario has changed over time. According to World Bank (2001) Pakistan’s ranking worsened to ‘severely-indebted low income country’ from ‘moderately-indebted low income country’ in 1997, where as India’s ranking improved to ‘less indebted low income’ country from ‘moderately indebted’ in 1997. The rapid accumulation of debt, rising repayment burden and the economically and politically resource inflow or rescheduling motivated rescheduling of debt (as in case of Pakistan) has raised concerns regarding the impact of debt on the growth process of the South Asian countries.

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