Relationships Between Plant Surface Area and Respiration in Loblolly Pine

1975 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 965 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Kinerson
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Plant Surface

scholarly journals Open source 3D phenotyping of chickpea plant architecture across plant development

Plant Methods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
William T. Salter ◽  
Arjina Shrestha ◽  
Margaret M. Barbour
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Plant Surface ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
Capture Process ◽  
Complex Species ◽  
Canopy Volume

Abstract Background Being able to accurately assess the 3D architecture of plant canopies can allow us to better estimate plant productivity and improve our understanding of underlying plant processes. This is especially true if we can monitor these traits across plant development. Photogrammetry techniques, such as structure from motion, have been shown to provide accurate 3D reconstructions of monocot crop species such as wheat and rice, yet there has been little success reconstructing crop species with smaller leaves and more complex branching architectures, such as chickpea. Results In this work, we developed a low-cost 3D scanner and used an open-source data processing pipeline to assess the 3D structure of individual chickpea plants. The imaging system we developed consists of a user programmable turntable and three cameras that automatically captures 120 images of each plant and offloads these to a computer for processing. The capture process takes 5–10 min for each plant and the majority of the reconstruction process on a Windows PC is automated. Plant height and total plant surface area were validated against “ground truth” measurements, producing R2 > 0.99 and a mean absolute percentage error < 10%. We demonstrate the ability to assess several important architectural traits, including canopy volume and projected area, and estimate relative growth rate in commercial chickpea cultivars and lines from local and international breeding collections. Detailed analysis of individual reconstructions also allowed us to investigate partitioning of plant surface area, and by proxy plant biomass. Conclusions Our results show that it is possible to use low-cost photogrammetry techniques to accurately reconstruct individual chickpea plants, a crop with a complex architecture consisting of many small leaves and a highly branching structure. We hope that our use of open-source software and low-cost hardware will encourage others to use this promising technique for more architecturally complex species.

Erratum: Equations for estimating loblolly pine branch and foliage weight and surface area distributions

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Clark Baldwin, Jr. ◽  
Kelly D Peterson ◽  
Harold E Burkhart ◽  
Ralph L Amateis ◽  
Phillip M Dougherty
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Foliage Weight

Equations for estimating loblolly pine branch and foliage weight and surface area distributions

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 918-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
V C Baldwin, Jr. ◽  
K D Peterson ◽  
H E Burkhart ◽  
R L Amateis ◽  
P M Dougherty
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Foliage Weight

No distributional association between the tick Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae) and plant surface area

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Tsunoda ◽  
Keiji Mori
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Haemaphysalis Longicornis ◽  
Plant Surface

Coniferous Stands Characterized with The Weibull Distribution

1974 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans T. Schreuder ◽  
Wayne T. Swank
Keyword(s):  
Weibull Distribution ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Gamma Distributions ◽  
Profile Distribution ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
Over Time

The Weibull distribution, [Formula: see text], summarized diameter, basal area, surface area, biomass, and crown profile distribution data well for several different ages of white and loblolly pine plantations. The data for diameter, basal area, surface area, and biomass were easily summarized by this one distribution in a theoretically consistent fashion. This is not possible with the normal and the gamma distributions, and the lognormal gives less satisfactory results. The distribution function should prove useful in modeling tree stands since only the parameter values need to be changed over time for the above variables. The change in these parameters may be a good way to characterize and interpret changes in stands over time.

scholarly journals Terrestrial Laser Scanning to Predict Canopy Area Metrics, Water Storage Capacity, and Throughfall Redistribution in Small Trees

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Baptista ◽  
Stephen Livesley ◽  
Ebadat G. Parmehr ◽  
Melissa Neave ◽  
Marco Amati
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Plant Surface ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Water Storage Capacity ◽  
Plant Area ◽  
Surface Metrics

Urban trees deliver many ecological services to the urban environment, including reduced runoff generation in storms. Trees intercept rainfall and store part of the water on leaves and branches, reducing the volume and velocity of water that reaches the soil. Moreover, trees modify the spatial distribution of rainwater under the canopy. However, measuring interception parameters is a complex task because it depends on many factors, including environmental conditions (rainfall intensity, wind speed, etc.) and tree characteristics (plant surface area, leaf and branch inclination angle, etc.). In the few last decades, remotely sensed data have been tested for retrieving tree metrics, but the use of this derived data for predicting interception parameters are still being developed. In this study, we measured the minimum water storage capacity (Cmin) and throughfall under the canopies of 12 trees belonging to three different species. All trees had their plant surface metrics calculated: plant surface area (PSA), plant area index (PAI), and plant area density (PAD). Trees were scanned with a mobile terrestrial laser scan (TLS) to obtain their individual canopy point clouds. Point clouds were used to calculate canopy metrics (canopy projected area and volume) and TLS-derived surface metrics. Measured surface metrics were then correlated to derived TLS metrics, and the relationship between TLS data and interception parameters was tested. Additionally, TLS data was used in analyses of throughfall distribution on a sub-canopy scale. The significant correlation between the directly measured surface area and TLS-derived metrics validates the use of the remotely sensed data for predicting plant area metrics. Moreover, TLS-derived metrics showed a significant correlation with a water storage capacity parameter (Cmin). The present study supports the use of TLS data as a tool for measuring tree metrics and ecosystem services such as Cmin; however, more studies to understand how to apply remotely sensed data into ecological analyses in the urban environment must be encouraged.

scholarly journals Response of LAI-2000 estimates to changes in plant surface area index in a Scots pine stand

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Smolander ◽  
P. Stenberg
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Plant Surface ◽  
Area Index

Invertebrate abundance on Potamogeton nodosus: effects of plant surface area and condition

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Beckett ◽  
Thomas P. Aartila ◽  
Andrew C. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Lake Management ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Causal Mechanism ◽  
Plant Surface ◽  
Plant Condition ◽  
Invertebrate Abundance ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Potamogeton Nodosus

Using the macrophyte Potamogeton nodosus, we investigated variability in abundance of plant-dwelling invertebrates among individual plants. Plants were collected from three Potamogeton beds in Eau Galle Lake, Wisconsin, in June and August 1987. Invertebrate abundance on P. nodosus and the amount of plant surface area were positively correlated in both June and August. In August the amount of leaf damage (plant condition) was another important predictor of invertebrate abundance. Plant surface area and plant condition were responsible for most to almost all of the variability in invertebrate abundance on P. nodosus (R2 = 0.66 in June; R2 = 0.83 in August). The correlation between invertebrate abundance and plant condition in August and the lack of such a correlation in June indicated that plant age, rather than plant condition per se, was a causal mechanism for increased invertebrate abundance. Some plants were heavily colonized by invertebrates; a single plant collected in June held a total of 555 invertebrates, which included 177 chironomid larvae and 143 naidid worms. We estimate that the P. nodosus in a 20 × 60 m Potamogeton bed supported about 33 million invertebrates in June and approximately 30 million invertebrates in August. The use of lake management techniques in which plants are eliminated would therefore markedly reduce invertebrate abundance in the littoral zone, and would, in turn, deny fishes and waterfowl an important and abundant food resource.

Water Flow and Clay Retention in Submerged Macrophyte Beds

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 2483-2489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen L. Petticrew ◽  
Jacob Kalff
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Surficial Sediment ◽  
Plant Surface ◽  
Plant Structure ◽  
Sediment Composition ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Quantitative Evidence

The effect of aboveground plant structure on near-bottom water flow and surficial sediment composition was evaluated in Lake Memphremagog (Quebec–Vermont) at 34 nearshore sites within three mixed-species macrophyte beds. Plant surface area accounted for 70% of the variance in flow reduction when the effect of changing water depth was removed. Relationships between plant surface area and surficial sediment clay content were evident within each of the three multispecies beds. The equations predicting within-bed clay concentrations were not significantly different from a general among-bed model (r2 = 0.74) developed at 25 sites of high biomass from other nearshore locations in Lake Memphremagog. The study provides quantitative evidence for the importance of macrophytes as sites of sedimentation of fine particles and their associated nutrients and contaminants.

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