Neolithic Find in the Chukchi Peninsula

1952 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Krader
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Chukchi Peninsula ◽  
Bering Strait ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
River Site

In the summer of 1947, Levoshin (1950) found a group of objects on a terrace of the Yakitikiveem River in the central part of the Chukchi (Chukotski) Peninsula (approximately 66° N., 175° W.), which forms the Asiatic shore of Bering Strait. These objects are as interesting for their typology as for their geographic location. The announcement of the find had been foreshadowed by Beregovaya (1948), where reference was made to an oral report by Okladnikov. In this report, Okladnikov had referred to a Neolithic station in the valley of the Amguema River in the Chukchi Peninsula. Shimkin (1949), in a recent review of Soviet anthropology, has made note of the discussion to that point. Now, the brief communication by Levoshin, and a further comment by Okladnikov (1950) himself help to bring the information on these finds up to date. It is almost certain that the Amguema Valley reference is the same as the Yakitikiveem River site reference. Yet, while existing maps show the Amguema River as emptying into the Arctic Ocean in the Chukchi Peninsula, the Yakitikiveem River is not reported on any known map or chart.

scholarly journals On the circulation, water mass distribution, and nutrient concentrations of the western Chukchi Sea

Ocean Science ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-49
Author(s):  
Jaclyn Clement Kinney ◽  
Karen M. Assmann ◽  
Wieslaw Maslowski ◽  
Göran Björk ◽  
Martin Jakobsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modelling ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Chukchi Sea ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Sediment Surface ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Bering Strait ◽  
East Siberian Sea ◽  
The Arctic Ocean

Abstract. Substantial amounts of nutrients and carbon enter the Arctic Ocean from the Pacific Ocean through the Bering Strait, distributed over three main pathways. Water with low salinities and nutrient concentrations takes an eastern route along the Alaskan coast, as Alaskan Coastal Water. A central pathway exhibits intermediate salinity and nutrient concentrations, while the most nutrient-rich water enters the Bering Strait on its western side. Towards the Arctic Ocean, the flow of these water masses is subject to strong topographic steering within the Chukchi Sea with volume transport modulated by the wind field. In this contribution, we use data from several sections crossing Herald Canyon collected in 2008 and 2014 together with numerical modelling to investigate the circulation and transport in the western part of the Chukchi Sea. We find that a substantial fraction of water from the Chukchi Sea enters the East Siberian Sea south of Wrangel Island and circulates in an anticyclonic direction around the island. This water then contributes to the high-nutrient waters of Herald Canyon. The bottom of the canyon has the highest nutrient concentrations, likely as a result of addition from the degradation of organic matter at the sediment surface in the East Siberian Sea. The flux of nutrients (nitrate, phosphate, and silicate) and dissolved inorganic carbon in Bering Summer Water and Winter Water is computed by combining hydrographic and nutrient observations with geostrophic transport referenced to lowered acoustic Doppler current profiler (LADCP) and surface drift data. Even if there are some general similarities between the years, there are differences in both the temperature–salinity and nutrient characteristics. To assess these differences, and also to get a wider temporal and spatial view, numerical modelling results are applied. According to model results, high-frequency variability dominates the flow in Herald Canyon. This leads us to conclude that this region needs to be monitored over a longer time frame to deduce the temporal variability and potential trends.

scholarly journals The Arctic Ocean Seasonal Cycles of Heat and Freshwater Fluxes: Observation-Based Inverse Estimates

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 2029-2055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takamasa Tsubouchi ◽  
Sheldon Bacon ◽  
Yevgeny Aksenov ◽  
Alberto C. Naveira Garabato ◽  
Agnieszka Beszczynska-Möller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Water Layer ◽  
Atlantic Water ◽  
Surface Fluxes ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Bering Strait ◽  
The Arctic Ocean

AbstractThis paper presents the first estimate of the seasonal cycle of ocean and sea ice heat and freshwater (FW) fluxes around the Arctic Ocean boundary. The ocean transports are estimated primarily using 138 moored instruments deployed in September 2005–August 2006 across the four main Arctic gateways: Davis, Fram, and Bering Straits, and the Barents Sea Opening (BSO). Sea ice transports are estimated from a sea ice assimilation product. Monthly velocity fields are calculated with a box inverse model that enforces mass and salt conservation. The volume transports in the four gateways in the period (annual mean ± 1 standard deviation) are −2.1 ± 0.7 Sv in Davis Strait, −1.1 ± 1.2 Sv in Fram Strait, 2.3 ± 1.2 Sv in the BSO, and 0.7 ± 0.7 Sv in Bering Strait (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1). The resulting ocean and sea ice heat and FW fluxes are 175 ± 48 TW and 204 ± 85 mSv, respectively. These boundary fluxes accurately represent the annual means of the relevant surface fluxes. The ocean heat transport variability derives from velocity variability in the Atlantic Water layer and temperature variability in the upper part of the water column. The ocean FW transport variability is dominated by Bering Strait velocity variability. The net water mass transformation in the Arctic entails a freshening and cooling of inflowing waters by 0.62 ± 0.23 in salinity and 3.74° ± 0.76°C in temperature, respectively, and a reduction in density by 0.23 ± 0.20 kg m−3. The boundary heat and FW fluxes provide a benchmark dataset for the validation of numerical models and atmospheric reanalysis products.

Pacific Water Pathways through the Arctic Ocean

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Dodd ◽  
Tore Hattermann ◽  
Michael Karcher ◽  
Frank Kauker ◽  
Colin Stedmon
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Fram Strait ◽  
Bering Strait ◽  
Wind Fields ◽  
Pacific Water ◽  
Back Trajectories ◽  
The Arctic Ocean

<p>The volume, characteristics and sources of freshwater circulating in the Arctic Ocean vary in time and are expected to change under a declining sea ice cover, influencing the physical environment and Arctic ecosystem. Relatively fresh (S = 32) Pacific Water, which enters the Arctic Ocean via the Bering Strait makes up a significant part of the liquid freshwater exiting the Arctic Ocean through Fram Strait. If transported to the Nordic Seas and North Atlantic via the East- and West Greenland Currents freshwater from the Pacific could have an effect on convection and dense water formation in those regions.</p><p>More than 30 repeated sections of nutrient measurements have been collected across Fram Strait between 1980 and 2019. The fraction of Pacific Water along these repeated sections can be estimated from the ratio of nitrate to phosphate. The time-series of repeated Fram Strait sections indicates that the fraction of Pacific Water passing out of the Arctic Ocean has changed significantly over the last 30 years. Pacific water fractions remained high from 1980 to 1998, but in 1999 Pacific water almost disappeared from Fram Strait, reappearing from 2011 to 2012, when there was a peak in freshwater export though Fram Strait.</p><p>Several hypotheses suggest how variations in the large-scale atmospheric circulation over the Arctic Ocean may influence the transport and pathways of Pacific Water. We show how anomalies in reanalysis wind fields are associated with the reappearance of Pacific Water in Fram Strait in recent years. Repeated sections across Fram Strait are compared with sea ice back-trajectories in the Polar Pathfinder 4 product and a simulated Pacific Water tracer in the NAOSIM numerical model to investigate likely Pacific water pathways through the Arctic Ocean and upstream drivers of changes observed in Fram Strait.</p>

scholarly journals A polar system of intercontinental bird migration

2007 ◽  
Vol 274 (1625) ◽  
pp. 2523-2530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Alerstam ◽  
Johan Bäckman ◽  
Gudmundur A Gudmundsson ◽  
Anders Hedenström ◽  
Sara S Henningsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Bird Migration ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Glacial Refugium ◽  
Bering Strait ◽  
Compass Orientation ◽  
Migration System ◽  
Stopover Sites ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Arctic Ocean

Studies of bird migration in the Beringia region of Alaska and eastern Siberia are of special interest for revealing the importance of bird migration between Eurasia and North America, for evaluating orientation principles used by the birds at polar latitudes and for understanding the evolutionary implications of intercontinental migratory connectivity among birds as well as their parasites. We used tracking radar placed onboard the ice-breaker Oden to register bird migratory flights from 30 July to 19 August 2005 and we encountered extensive bird migration in the whole Beringia range from latitude 64° N in Bering Strait up to latitude 75° N far north of Wrangel Island, with eastward flights making up 79% of all track directions. The results from Beringia were used in combination with radar studies from the Arctic Ocean north of Siberia and in the Beaufort Sea to make a reconstruction of a major Siberian–American bird migration system in a wide Arctic sector between longitudes 110° E and 130° W, spanning one-third of the entire circumpolar circle. This system was estimated to involve more than 2 million birds, mainly shorebirds, terns and skuas, flying across the Arctic Ocean at mean altitudes exceeding 1 km (maximum altitudes 3–5 km). Great circle orientation provided a significantly better fit with observed flight directions at 20 different sites and areas than constant geographical compass orientation. The long flights over the sea spanned 40–80 degrees of longitude, corresponding to distances and durations of 1400–2600 km and 26–48 hours, respectively. The birds continued from this eastward migration system over the Arctic Ocean into several different flyway systems at the American continents and the Pacific Ocean. Minimization of distances between tundra breeding sectors and northerly stopover sites, in combination with the Beringia glacial refugium and colonization history, seemed to be important for the evolution of this major polar bird migration system.

Response/feedback of the Arctic Ocean in the Northern Hemisphere climate system: the sea-level joker

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Hillaire-Marcel ◽  
Anne de Vernal ◽  
Yanguang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Climate System ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Bering Strait ◽  
The North ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
The Status

<p>The Arctic Ocean is a major player in the climate system of the Northern Hemisphere due to its role vs albedo, atmospheric pressure regimes, and thermohaline circulation. It shows large amplitude variability from millennial, to decadal and seasonal time scales. At millennial time scales, two drastically distinct regimes prevail primarily in relation with ocean volume and sea level (SL) changes: A modern like system, with a high SL when the Arctic Ocean shelves are submerged and Bering Strait is opened vs a glacial one, with a low SL, when shelves are emerged and partly glaciated and Bering Strait is closed. In the modern system, large submerged shelves result in high productivity, high sea-ice production rates and sea ice-rafting deposition in the Central Arctic. Moreover, a fully open Bering Strait, with SL at the present elevation, contributes about 40% of the freshwater budget of the Arctic Ocean (Woodgate & Aagaard, 2005, doi:10.1029/2004GL021747), and supports Si fluxes of about 20 kmol.s<sup>-1</sup> towards the Western Arctic (Torres-Valdés et al., 2013, doi:10.1002/jgrc.20063), thus impacting primary productivity. Under low SL conditions, the Arctic Ocean is linked exclusively to the North Atlantic, through practically a single gateway, that of Fram Strait. Sedimentation in the Central Arctic is then dominated ice-rafting deposition from icebergs, thus controlled by streaming and calving processes along surrounding ice sheets. Due to its shallowness (< 50 m), the Bering Strait gateway becomes effective at a very late stage of glacial to interglacial transitions but closes early during reverse climate trends. Sedimentary records from shelves North of Strait may provide information on the status of the gateway, so far, for the present interglacial. Clay minerals in cores from the northern Alaskan shelf (Ortiz et al., 2009, doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2009.03.020) and micropaleontological tracers from the Chukchi Sea southern shelf (present study) can be used to document the status of the gateway. Here, North Pacific microfossils transported by currents through the gateway demonstrate its full effectiveness at ca 6 ka BP, well after the insolation maximum of the early Holocene but when SL had reached its maximum postglacial elevation, with significant impacts on Arctic Ocean salinity, sea-ice cover and productivity.. This out-of-phase behavior of the Arctic Ocean may have impacted the North Atlantic and Northern Hemisphere climate system, as the openings and closings of Bering Strait constitute critical tipping points on this system, off out of phase with other parameters controlling more globally the climate of the Northern Hemisphere.</p>

Phylogenetic diversity of bacteria in the Arctic Ocean sediments neighboring the Bering Strait

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 356-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Zhang ◽  
Xiaoqian Gu ◽  
Liang Zhang ◽  
Xuezheng Lin
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Bering Strait ◽  
The Arctic Ocean
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