Life-Expectancy of Utilitarian Pottery in Tzintzuntzan, Michoacan, Mexico

1960 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 606-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
George M. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Specific Data ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Handling Practices ◽  
Basic Strength

AbstractPottery life-expectancy has important archaeological implications for such problems as population sizes and duration of occupancy of sites. Specific data are here given from four contemporary Mexican village households on durability of several kinds of ware. The most important factors determining life-expectancy appear to be basic strength of the ware, functions of different types of vessels, handling practices, relative costs, and kinds of breakage. It may be inferred that similar factors determine life-expectancy in many contemporary and archaeological communities.

Predicting matches in international football tournaments with random forests

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 460-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunther Schauberger ◽  
Andreas Groll
Keyword(s):  
Random Forests ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
Specific Data ◽  
Covariate Information ◽  
Different Types

Many approaches that analyse and predict results of international matches in football are based on statistical models incorporating several potentially influential covariates with respect to a national team's success, such as the bookmakers’ ratings or the FIFA ranking. Based on all matches from the four previous FIFA World Cups 2002–2014, we compare the most common regression models that are based on the teams’ covariate information with regard to their predictive performances with an alternative modelling class, the so-called random forests. Random forests can be seen as a mixture between machine learning and statistical modelling and are known for their high predictive power. Here, we consider two different types of random forests depending on the choice of response. One type of random forests predicts the precise numbers of goals, while the other type considers the three match outcomes—win, draw and loss—using special algorithms for ordinal responses. To account for the specific data structure of football matches, in particular at FIFA World Cups, the random forest methods are slightly altered compared to their standard versions and adapted to the specific needs of the application to FIFA World Cup data.

scholarly journals Survival and diagnostic age of 175 Taiwanese patients with mucopolysaccharidoses (1985–2019)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiang-Yu Lin ◽  
Chung-Lin Lee ◽  
Chia-Ying Chang ◽  
Pao Chin Chiu ◽  
Yin-Hsiu Chien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Newborn Screening ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Taiwanese Population ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Mps I ◽  
Diagnostic Age

Abstract Background Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are a group of inherited metabolic diseases, which are characterized by the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans, and eventually lead to the progressive damage of various tissues and organs. Methods An epidemiological study of MPS in Taiwan was performed using multiple sources. The survival and diagnostic age for different types of MPS between 1985 and 2019 were evaluated. Results Between 1985 and 2019, there were 175 patients diagnosed with MPS disorders in the Taiwanese population, with a median diagnostic age of 3.9 years. There were 21 (12%), 78 (45%), 33 (19%), 32 (18%) and 11 (6%) patients diagnosed with MPS I, II, III, IV and VI, respectively, with median diagnostic ages of 1.5, 3.8, 4.7, 4.5 and 3.7 years, respectively. Diagnosis of MPS patients was significantly earlier in recent decades (p < 0.01). Pilot newborn screening programs for MPS I, II, VI, IVA, and IIIB were progressively introduced in Taiwan from 2016, and 48% (16/33) of MPS patients diagnosed between 2016 and 2019 were diagnosed by one of these screening programs, with a median diagnostic age at 0.2 years. For patients born between 2016 and 2019, up to 94% (16/17) were diagnosed with MPS via the newborn screening programs. At the time of this study, 81 patients had passed away with a median age at death of 15.6 years. Age at diagnosis was positively correlated with life expectancy (p < 0.01). Life expectancy also significantly increased between 1985 and 2019, however this increase was gradual (p < 0.01). Conclusions The life expectancy of Taiwanese patients with MPS has improved in recent decades and patients are being diagnosed earlier. Because of the progressive nature of the disease, early diagnosis by newborn screening programs and timely implementation of early therapeutic interventions may lead to better clinical outcomes.

scholarly journals Design and Analysis of a Relational Database for Behavioral Experiments Data Processing

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radoslava Stankova Kraleva ◽  
Velin Spasov Kralev ◽  
Nina Sinyagina ◽  
Petia Koprinkova-Hristova ◽  
Nadejda Bocheva
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Relational Database ◽  
Database Management System ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Behavioral Experiments ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Specific Data ◽  
Binary File ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The One

In this paper, the results of a comparative analysis between different approaches to experimental data storage and processing are presented. Several studies related to the problem and some methods for solving it have been discussed. Different types of databases, ways of using them and the areas of their application are analyzed. For the purposes of the study, a relational database for storing and analyzing a specific data from behavioral experiments was designed. The methodology and conditions for conducting the experiments are described. Three different indicators were analyzed, respectively: memory required to store the data, time to load the data from an external file into computer memory and iteration time across all records through one cycle. The obtained results show that for storing a large number of records (in the order of tens of millions of rows), either dynamic arrays (stored on external media in binary file format), or an approach based on a local or remote database management system can be used. Regarding the data loading time, the fastest approach was the one that uses dynamic arrays. It outperforms significantly the approaches based on a local or remote database. The obtained results show that the dynamic arrays and the local data sets approaches iterated much faster across all data records than the remote database approach. The paper concludes with proposal for further developments towards using of web services.

scholarly journals Comparison of methods for sampling saproxylic beetles in fine wood

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats Jonsell ◽  
Jesper Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Efficient Method ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Saproxylic Beetles ◽  
Comparison Of Methods ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Specific Data ◽  
Different Types ◽  
White Cotton ◽  
Fine Wood ◽  
Rearing Methods

Three methods for extracting saproxylic beetles from wood samples were compared. The aim with the samples was to collect substrate-specific data on the beetle fauna in different types of small diameter wood. The methods were: (1) sifting – peeling bark from the wood, sifting it and extracting beetles in Tullgren funnels, (2) box-rearing – storing wood in dark wooden boxes and using light to attract emerging beetles; and (3) sack-rearing – hanging the wood in white cotton sacks with a collection vial at the bottom. Rearing sacks gave the species richest samples. Box-rearing gave similar results, but some small beetle species, especially Staphylinidae, were less frequent. Sifting was not useful for species occurring as larvae in the wood, but gave results similar to the two rearing methods for most species that occurred as adults, and was the most efficient method for the Staphylinidae. The two rearing methods were somewhat more labour intensive than sifting, but produced more beetles per sample. Sack-rearing was somewhat more efficient than box-rearing.

scholarly journals ECOLOGIA DE PEIXES DE RIACHOS DE CAVERNAS E OUTROS HABITAT SUBTERRÂNEOS

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (02) ◽  
pp. 620-641
Author(s):  
Maria Elina Bichuette ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Population Studies ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Small Populations ◽  
Saturated Zone ◽  
Abiotic Conditions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Threatened Fauna ◽  
Bodies Of Water

Brazil is rich in caves, with more than 20,000 officially registered. In addition to the caves, which develop in different types of rock, there are other subterranean habitats (hypogean) with bodies of water in the form of drainages (level base streams), outcrops of the water table (saturated zone) in flooded caves or in the form of pools and lakes within caves, in addition to upper aquifers formed by infiltration of water in the rock. In some cases, groundwater does not emerge in caves, but in alluviums close to rivers, representing a hyporeic zone. The Brazilian subterranean ichthyofauna is composed of fish restricted to caves and other subterranean habitats (generally categorized as troglobites / stygobites) or species that have well-established populations in these habitats, but which also occur in streams and bodies of water on the surface (categorized as troglophilics). Currently, there are more than 80 species of fish with troglobitic and troglophilic populations in Brazil. Some population studies show estimates of varying population sizes and densities, generally characterized by small populations; a tendency towards a sedentary lifestyle; low condition factor values and life cycle strategies tending to K within the r-K continuum. These characteristics are related to the unique abiotic conditions of these habitats, such as low, infrequent and often unpredictable supply of nutrients, which can represent an accentuated filter. In relation to conservation, subterranean fish are threatened and most of the species formally described are included in lists of threatened fauna in Brazil. Only four species have been included and evaluated globally (Stygichthys typhlops, Pimelodella kronei, Phreatobius cisternarum and Phreatobius sanguijuela).

scholarly journals Mortality rates and life expectancy improvements among malaysian elderlies

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Nur Shatikah Mohamad Ibrahim ◽  
Syazreen Niza Shair ◽  
Aida Yuzi Yusof
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Linear Pattern ◽  
Elderly Males ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Almost All

<p>This paper presents a study on mortality rates and life expectancy improvements among elderly people in Malaysia. The central age-specific mortality rates will be analyzed according to genders. The expectation of future lifetime of these old age people will be estimated using the actuarial life table approach. Two different types of life table will be developed, including life table for males and females--- to compare the results of mortality rates and life expectancies between genders. Results show that, mortality rates of Malaysian elderly, for both males and females are increasing almost in linear pattern by age, and this trend is consistent from 1950 to 2015. Comparison between genders shows that mortality of elderly females is generally lower than males at almost all ages. Nonetheless, mortality rates of Malaysian elderly males are declining faster than Malaysian elderly females. Life expentancies of females are higher than males for age groups 60 to 70, and lower than males for age 75 and above. Results also indicate that Malaysian elderly popultion is aging faster from previous generation in which elderly males age 85+ in 2010-2015 can live longer by 123% than thise in 1950-1955.</p>

scholarly journals Signs of reproductive qualities of sows of different types of adaptation, their variability and correlation

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (92) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
V. I. Khalak ◽  
B. V. Gutyj
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Adaptation Level ◽  
Large White ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Large White Breed ◽  
Different Types ◽  
White Breed

The results of studies of life expectancy and breeding use, as well as the main indicators of reproductive qualities of sows of large white breed of different types of adaptation, the economic efficiency of the research results and the level of correlation between traits are calculated cost-effectiveness of research results and the level of correlation between traits. The research was conducted in the conditions of agro-formations of Dnipropetrovsk region (LTD “Agro-Elita”, SLTD “Druzhba-Kaznacheevka”). The object of the study was sows of large white breed. Evaluation of sows of experimental groups (I – superadaptive, II – mediumadaptive, III – minusadaptive type of adaptation) according to the indicators of the level of adaptation and the main indicators of reproductive qualities were carried out taking into account the successor of quantitative traits: life expectancy, months, duration of breeding use, months, farrowing received, piglets total, head; live pigs obtained, naked; multiplicity, head; weight of the nest at the time of weaning at the age of 28–35 days, kg; duration of intergrowth, days. The adaptation level index and the coefficient of productivity were calculated according to the method of Smirnov V. S. (2003) and Long T. E., Short T. H., Bates R. O (2003) respectively. The economic efficiency of the research results was calculated by according to the indicator “mass of the nest at the time of weaning at the age of 28–35 days, kg”. Analysis of the research results shows that sows of superadaptive type will outperform peers of the opposite class (minusadaptive type) in terms of adaptation level and reproductive capacity by 58.36 and 43.63 % respectively. The proportion of indicator “duration of breeding use, months” to the indicator “life expectancy, months” in animals of superadaptive type is 81.8 ± 0.76 %, minusadaptive – 54.1 ± 2.67 % (lim = 27.7 %; td = 10.00; P < 0.001). An integrated assessment of sow reproductive performance by the performance factor confirms the superiority of sows of the superadaptive type to this group of animal traits of other adaptation types. The paired correlation coefficients between adaptation level indices and reproductive traits in sows of different types of adaptation range from -0.815 (tr = 6.45; adaptation level index × obtained farrowing) to +0.995 (tr = 45.05; life expectancy × duration of tribal use). In order to accelerate the breeding process and create a high-yielding herd of pigs, we suggest that the leading group of sows select animals with an index of “adaptation level” of 6.55–8.90 points.

scholarly journals Survival and diagnostic age of 175 Taiwanese patients with mucopolysaccharidoses (1985-2019)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiang-Yu Lin ◽  
Chung-Lin Lee ◽  
Chia-Ying Chang ◽  
Pao Chin Chiu ◽  
Yin-Hsiu Chien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Newborn Screening ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Taiwanese Population ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Mps I ◽  
Diagnostic Age

Abstract Background Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are a group of inherited metabolic diseases, which are characterized by the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans, and eventually lead to the progressive damage of various tissues and organs.Methods An epidemiological study of MPS in Taiwan was performed using multiple sources. The survival and diagnostic age for different types of MPS between 1985 and 2019 were evaluated.Results Between 1985 and 2019, there were 175 patients diagnosed with MPS disorders in the Taiwanese population, with a median diagnostic age of 3.9 years. There were 21 (12%), 78 (45%), 33 (19%), 32 (18%) and 11 (6%) patients diagnosed with MPS I, II, III, IV and VI, respectively, with median diagnostic ages of 1.5, 3.8, 4.7, 4.5 and 3.7 years, respectively. Diagnosis of MPS patients was significantly earlier in recent decades (p<0.01). Pilot newborn screening programs for MPS I, II, VI, IVA, and IIIB were progressively introduced in Taiwan from 2016, and 48% (16/33) of MPS patients diagnosed between 2016 and 2019 were diagnosed by one of these screening programs, with a median diagnostic age at 0.2 years. For patients born between 2016 and 2019, up to 94% (16/17) were diagnosed with MPS via the newborn screening programs. At the time of this study, 81 patients had passed away with a median age at death of 15.6 years. Age at diagnosis was positively correlated with life expectancy (p<0.01). Life expectancy also significantly increased between 1985 and 2019, however this increase was gradual (p<0.01).Conclusions The life expectancy of Taiwanese patients with MPS has improved in recent decades and patients are being diagnosed earlier. Because of the progressive nature of the disease, early diagnosis by newborn screening programs and timely implementation of early therapeutic interventions may lead to better clinical outcomes.

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