Some economically useful signs of the pigs of a Large White breed in OOO “Rossyia”

The researches were carried out in ООО “Rossyia” of the Mozhginsky district of the Udmurt Republic. The object of the research was the sows of the main herd of a Large White pig breed. The reproductive qualities of the sows were studied according to such indicators as: the multiple births, the milkness, the mass of a nest in 2 months. The study of reproductive qualities was carried out using breeding cards of the sows and a book for registering farrowing and offspring of the pigs. The evaluation of the reproductive qualities of sows was carried out by calculating the indicators of a variational statistics: the arithmetic mean, the mean quadrate deviation, the coefficients of the variation, the heritability, the correlation. The indicator of a variational statistics was calculated according to the method of N.A. Plokhinsky. The reliability of the coefficients of the heritability and the correlation was determined using Student's t-test. Then studying the reproductive qualities of the sows of the main herd it was established that the multiple births in the average was 10.61 heads, the milkness — 51.34 kg, and the mass of a nest in 2 months — 156.72 kg. Hereat the coefficient of the variability on the multiple births was 12.95%, on the milkness — 8.41%, and on the mass of a nest in 2 months — 10.02%. The coefficient of heritability on the multiple births was 15.00%, on the milkness — 20.00%, and on the mass of a nest in 2 months — 25.00% (P > 0.999). The coefficients of the correlation between the multiple births and the milkness and the multiple births and the mass of a nest in 2 months, respectively, were r = +0.769 and r = + 0.474, and the coefficient of the correlation between the milkness and the mass of a nest in 2 months — r = + 0.754 under the probability of the infallible prognoses P > 0.999.

The influence of large-scale loss of piglets on their some meat and felting qualities

Purpose: the goal is to study in the piglets of a large white breed of influence of body weight at birth (large-way) on the thickness of the scraping and the age of achieving the live weight of 100 kg.Materials and methods. The object of the study - piglets (hrying and pigs) of a large white breed from birth until they achieve a live mass of 100 kg. The growth and development of piglets-sausage was studied by weighing them at birth. Primary data included 4215 weight records at the birth of tribal purebred piglets of a large white breed (hrying and pigs). Posyat, both live births and stillborn, weighed individually within 24 hours from the moment of birth. Weighing was carried out on scales with an accuracy of 100 g. The conditions of detention and feeding were the same. Three groups of experimental animals were formed, taking into account the live masses at birth. The first group was made up piglets with low live weight (1.0 kg and lower), the second - piglets with a normal body weight at birth (from 1.1 to 1.9 kg) and were divided into nine subgroups of 0.1 kg, the third - individuals with high live weight (2.0 kg and above). The thickness of the strika was measured in a lifestyle-meater ultrasonic device in the region over 6-7 breast vertebrae when a live mass of 100 kg is achieved (in the range of 60 kg to 150 kg).Results. It has been established that the floor of the animal, multipleness, month-year of birth, herd, liveborn or stillborn piglets in litter affect the average weight of the birth of piglets, as well as the thickness of the scraping and the number of days to achieve a live weight of 100 kg. The difference in weight at birth between the floors was insignificant, and the males were somewhat heavier piglets. Piglets 3 groups have had a higher average weight at birth compared to piglets 1 and 2 groups. Bible weight decreased when the size of the litter increased with 4 piglets (n = 54) to 17 piglets (n = 22). Piglets with a low live weight at birth had the most thick thickness of the striking at a weight of 100 kg and the longest was taken to 100 kg. In animals with high body weight at birth was the thinnest thickness of the strik, and it took the least day to reach the live weight of 100 kg. The thickness of the strip that pigs with a living weight of 100 kg decreased with an increase in body weight at birth. In pigs with a low live weight at birth, the strik thickness was 0,5 mm thicker (p≥0,999) compared with pigs weighing 1.4 kg and 1.5 mm thick stuck (p≥0,999) compared with the 3rd group. A significant correlation -0,20 was found between the live body weight at birth and the thickness of the scraping when the animals reach 100 kg.Conclusion. Thus, the sex of the animal, multipleness, liveborn or stillborn piglets in the litter - all this affected the middle weight at the birth of piglets, as well as the thickness of the scraping and the number of days to achieve live weight 100 kg. Analyzing the above data, we can assume that the ratio rate (weight of the birth of piglets) must be considered to further predict the productivity of the animal.

Polymorphism of Selected Microsatellite Markers against Breeding Performance Indexes of Polish Large White and Polish Landrace Sows

The study aimed to analyze 12 microsatellite markers located in the areas of quantitative trait loci related to litter size in 82 sows, including 45 Polish Large White and 37 Polish Landrace sows, kept on a farm in southwest Poland. Breeding documentation provided data on the total number of piglets born per litter and the numbers of live-born, stillborn and weaned piglets; the corresponding percentage values were also calculated. DNA isolation was performed from 15–20 hairs taken from live animals, and the markers used in the research were divided into four multiplexes. The influence of genotype at a given locus on the reproductive traits was analyzed only for genotypes represented by at least five animals. The results of the analyses for all the sows (treated as the maternal component and not as distinct breeds) showed statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) differences between the genotypes and the values of the analyzed traits for markers S0008, SW160, SW245, SW714, SW1125 and SW2411. Among these markers, the breed-dependent analysis also showed significant differences in the Polish Large White breed for markers S0008, SW160 and SW1125, and in the Polish Landrace breed for SW245. Additionally, the breed-dependent analysis found significant differences in markers SW903 and SW1808 for the Polish Large White sows, and S0064, SW472 and SW903 in Polish Landrace sows. SW903 was the only marker for which differences in the analyzed reproductive traits differed between genotypes in both breeds (still analyzed separately), although in terms of different traits. The above results indicate the usefulness of microsatellite markers in researching the differentiation of litter size indicators. Although both breeds belong to the maternal component, they showed significant differences in terms of markers. This may suggest difficulties in finding universal (that is, working well for various breeds of the maternal component) markers, indicating the need to look for breed-specific markers, something that calls for further research into numerous animals.

SIGNS OF PRODUCTIVITY OF YOUNG PIGS OF LARGE WHITE BREED AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH UREA CONTENT AND ACTIVITY OF SOME BLOOD SERUM ENZYMES

The results of studies of fattening and meat qualities of young pigs of large white breed, some biochemical parameters of blood serum (urea content, aspartate aminotransferase (AsAT) activity, alanine aminotransferase (AlAT) activity are presented), as well as the economic efficiency of research results is calculated. The study was conducted in LLC "Druzhba-Kaznacheyivka"of Dnipropetrovsk region, in the Research center of biosafety and ecological control of agricultural resources of Dnipropetrovsk state agrarian and economic university, meat processing plant «Jazz» and Laborator Livestock y of the State institution Institute of grain crops of NAAS of Ukraine. The work was performed according to the research program of NAAS of Ukraine №30 "Innovative technologies of breeding, industrial and organic production of pig products" ("Pig breeding"), state registration number 0116U001247. The object of the study was young pigs of large white breed. Evaluation of animals for fattening and meat qualities was carried out taking into account the following indicators: average daily live weight gain during the control period of fattening, g, age of live weight 100 kg, days, fat thickness at the level of 6-7 thoracic vertebrae, mm, length of chilled carcass , cm, the length of the bacon half of the cooled half-carcass, cm (M.D. Berezovsky, I.V. Kha’tko, 2005). A comprehensive assessment of young pigs for fattening and meat qualities was calculated according to the B. Tailer index (P.A. Vashchenko, 2019), biometric indicators - according to the methods of G.F. Lakin (1990). Economic efficiency of research results was calculated according to the generally accepted technique (Methodology for determining the economic ..., 1983). It was found that the urea content, activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AsAT) and alanine aminotransferase (AlAT) in the serum of young pigs of the experimental group corresponds to the physiological norm of clinically healthy animals and amount to 4.77±0.576 mol/l, 68.11±6.445 units/l, and 4.22±3.209 units/l, respectively. According to the age of reaching a live weight of 100 kg (days), the thickness of the fat at the level of 6-7 thoracic vertebrae (mm) and the length of the chilled carcass (cm) of the specified production group and breed correspond to class I and class "elite". The maximum values of "average daily gain of live weight during the period of control fattening, kg", "length of chilled carcass, cm", "length of bacon half of chilled carcass, cm" and minimum values of "age of live weight 100 kg, days" and "fat thickness per levels of 6-7 thoracic vertebrae, mm "are characterized by animals in which the complex index of fattening and meat qualities (B. Tailer's index) ranges from 157.68 to 182.36 points. The number of reliable relationships between the biochemical parameters of blood serum, fattening and meat qualities of young white pigs is 26.67 %. The cost of additional products obtained from young pigs with B. Tailer index of 157.68 – 182.36 points is equal to +1732.04 UAH/head.

The growth rate of repair young pigs of Irish origin, depending on the combination of the original breeds

The article studied the growth dynamics of purebred and local gilts from birth to 180 days of age. The growth rate of these animals during the rearing period and the regularities of the difference in the growth rate of purebred and local pigs were also investigated. The uneven growth dynamics of both purebred and local replacement gilts has been established. The pigs obtained from the direct and reverse variants of crossbreeding of parental breeds grew more dynamically in comparison with their peers obtained from the purebred variant of breeding of the original breeds. Among purebred gilts, by weaning, the live weight of the Landrace breed increased more dynamically, while after weaning, the animals of the large white breed stood out with a greater intensity increase in live weight. Local gilts did not have a significant difference in the increase in live weight depending on the crossing option, although there was a tendency for a higher increase in live weight with age in pigs from Large White queens and Landrace boars compared to the reciprocal crossing option. During the period of rearing gilts, the highest growth rates were observed in local sows, both from the direct and reverse variants of crossing the animals of the original breeds. Purebred animals of both original breeds were inferior in growth intensity during the period of breeding to their local counterparts 3.0 – 6.3%. Among purebred animals, the least intensive growth during the period of breeding was the Landrace pigs, which were inferior in these indicators to the analogs of the Large White breed by 3.2%, and to the local pigs of both combinations by 6.3%. The advantages in live weight of local replacement gilts are due to their greater growth intensity in the period from weaning to testing at 180 days, which in turn is due to various forms of heterosis manifestation. Key words: mumps, parent breeds, purebred breeding, crossing, heterosis, live weight, growth rate.

Functional endocrine reserves of testes of boars of different breeds and indicators of their sperm

It is difficult to objectively assess the functional state of the endocrine gland based on the level of hormones in the blood, since hormones vary significantly in absolute values during the day. Therefore, to assess the functional state of the endocrine glands in biological and medical practice, "load" is used. The criterion for evaluating the state of the gland is the change in the concentration of secreted hormone by the endocrine gland in response to the stimulation. As is known, the testis reacts relatively quickly to stimulation with chorionic gonadotropin. This allows us to determine the limiting features of the hormone-synthesizing and hormone activity of the testes and determine the maximum response of the testes to this stimulation. The object of the study was 6-month-old boars of large white breed, Landrace and tempo, 10 heads from each breed. In order to determine the functional endocrine reserves of the testes at 6 months of age, CG (chorionic gonadotropin) was administered intramuscularly at a dose of 1000 IU. HCG was administered 3 times every 72 hours. Blood for the determination of testosterone was taken before administration of HCG and 2.12,24,48 and 72 hours after its administration. Testosteron was determined by the enzyme immunoassay. Sperm counts in 18-month-old boars were studied using standard methods. Performed three-fold loads with an interval of 72 hours showed that the hormone level increased to 7.2±0.6 nmol/l in a large white breed 72 hours after the first administration of HCG, in the Landrace breed to 7.9±0.5 nmol/l, in the Duroc breed to 7.0±0.7 nmol/l, in the tempo breed to 7.0±0.6 nmol/l. After the second injection HCG the testosterone levels in large white breed boars increased by 1.2 nmol/l, and breeds Duroc 1.7 nmol/l, Landrace 0.1 nmol/L. In the boar breed, tempo increased the hormone by 0.4 nmol/l. In this regard, the increase in testosterone in experimental boars continued, which means that the reserves of endocrine function of the testes were not fully realized, so the 3rd stimulation of HCG was also performed. In a large white breed of boars and Duroc, the maximum concentration of testosterone was observed 24 hours after administration of HCG and was 9.2±0.7 and 8.9±0.5 nmol/l respectively. In the Landrace and tempo breeds, the maximum concentration of testosterone was 2 hours after 3 CG stimulation and was 8.2±0.6 and 7.5±0.6 nmol/l. respectively. In terms of sperm, its fertilizing capacity and the production of live piglets per Farrow, the indicators were higher for boars of large white breed and Duroc.

Evaluation of histochemical and molecular markers in the placenta of sows during pregnancy complicated by isoimmunization

It is known that the pathological course of pregnancy is associated with a disturbance in the interdependent “mother-fetus” complex and leads to specific clinical consequences at the molecular-cellular, tissue, organ, organismal and population levels of organization. In case of violation of placentation (placental barrier), a state of immune conflict occurs, characterized by an antigen-antibody reaction, carried out through the placenta (in relation to the fetus), or through colostrum after birth (in relation to the newborn offspring). Therefore, immunological relations at the population level should be considered both the consequences of the action of the maternal organism’s antigens on the fetus, and the effects of the allogeneic action of the fetus on the mother’s body. According to the results of the experiment, the placentas of 10 sows of Large White breed were used as the material, which showed signs of isoimmunization to the resulting offspring. For histological examination, immediately after delivery, pieces of placenta up to 0.5 cm thick were selected, which were fixed in a 10% aqueous solution of neutral formalin. The fixed material after wiring through alcohols of increasing concentration, xylene, xylene-paraffin, was poured into paraffin. The obtained preparations were stained with conventional methods-hematoxylin and eosin. d (fibrinoid masses).

THE LEVEL OF DISCRETION OF REPRODUCTIVE QUALITIES AND THEIR CORRELATION RELATIONS IN SOWS OF DIFFERENT INTERBREED DIFFERENTIATION ACCORDING TO SOME EVALUATION INDEXES

The article presents the results of studies of reproductive qualities of sows of different classes of distribution according to some evaluation indexes, the level of their discreteness and correlation. The study was conducted in agricultural enterprises of the Dnipropetrovsk region and the laboratory of animal husbandry of the State Institution «Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS of Ukraine». The work was performed according to the research program of NAAS №30 «Pigbreeding». Evaluation of sows for reproductive qualities was carried out taking into account the following characteristics: fertility, goal; high fertility, kg, milk yield, kg; nest weight at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days, kg, safety, %. The level of discrete features of reproductive qualities was calculated by the method of V. V. Seromolot, S. I. Svyatchenko (1984), indexes of reproductive qualities (I) – by the method of M. D. Berezovsky (quoted by P. A. Vashchenko, 2019), IRQ – according to the method of I. P. Sheiko and others (2006), biometric processing of research results – according to the methods of G. F. Lakin (1990). It is established that sows of the Large White breed of the controlled herd are characterized by high indicators of reproductive qualities. Taking into account the class of distribution of animals according to the index Berezovsky M. D. and the index of reproductive qualities of the sow (IRQ) a significant difference was found in fertility (4.1-4.2 goals), milk yield (23.5–23.7 kg) and nest weight at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days 25.2 kg). The discreteness factor (D) of reproductive traits in sows of the experimental groups ranged from 0.028 to 0.288. The number of significant correlation coefficients between the traits of reproductive qualities of sows and evaluation indices is equal to 90.00 %. The relationship between the index Berezovsky M. D. and the index of reproductive qualities of the sow (IRQ) is equal to 0.990 ± 0.0017 (tr=580.12; p<0.001). This indicates the effectiveness of their use in further breeding and breeding work with pigs of Large White breed. The use of sows of class M+ provides additional products at the level of +16.79–16.98 % or +421.06 -+416.35 UAH/head.

Features of the growth and development of young pigs of various breeding

The indicators of growth and development, fattening and meat qualities of pigs of the breeding center “Lozovoe” CJSC “Plemzavod-Yubileyny” of the Tyumen region were evaluated. The indicators that characterize the growth and development of young animals were taken into account: live weight, age, average daily growth. When the live weight of 100 kg was reached, an ultrasound device was used to evaluate the thickness of bacon, the depth of muscles and the yield of lean meat, which are in the database of breeding records for 2011-2020. To characterize the meat qualities, 1144 Landrace piglets were slaughtered, 275 - large white breed, 129 - Pietren breed, 339 hybrids (LxKB), 159 hybrids (LxD), 460 hybrids obtained from boars of foreign selection. A comparative analysis of commercial hybrids of various variants of crossing pigs of domestic and foreign selection is carried out. Processing of the research results was carried out in the laboratory of Molecular diagnostics and Biotechnology of the Don State Agrarian University. The influence of the breed is established.