Additional Stone Carving from the North Highlands of Peru

There are late eighteenth-century maps of the town of Eski-Krym (Solkhat, Krym, Staryi Krym) which Muslim commune shaped by the last third of the thirteenth century showing a number of significant architectural objects and gravestones with stone-carved decorations. The system of Muslim gravestones developed by O.-N. A. Akchokrakly and A. S. Bashkirov is based on the study of forms and the location of ornamental and epigraphic parts of monuments from the cemeteries of Staryi Krym. Carved decorations of medieval grave monuments of Solkhat show by the high artistic level of carving, the quality of technical execution, and original ornamentation. Their connection of stone carving of the Crimea in the Golden Horde Period with the Asia Minor appeared simultaneously with the development of Muslim architecture. Photographs and drawings made by an academic expedition in 1925 that surveyed ancient Tatar settlements and cemeteries in the Crimean steppe (its western areas close to Yevpatoria, as well as the north of the Crimean Peninsula and its east close to the town of Staryi Krym) show a wide range of gravestones, mostly of geometrical forms like pillars topped with turbans. There is a small group of grave monuments, or the so-called two-horned gravestones, representing a rough form of similar tombstones originating from the Muslim cemeteries of Solkhat as the capital of the Crimea in the Golden Horde Period and other large settlements, such as Eski-Iurt. The two-horned gravestones from the cemeteries of large settlements present elaborate forms and inscriptions; they are covered with ornaments featuring the Seljuk style of the Asia Minor. The two-horned gravestones from the cemeteries in the steppe have a high base, with their pillars following the shape of vertical

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RAGAM BENTUK TINGGALAN BUDAYA MEGALITIK Dl PAPUA (Variation of Megalithic Culture in Papua)

Jurnal Penelitian Arkeologi Papua dan Papua Barat ◽

10.24832/papua.v8i1.5 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Erlin Novita ldje Djami

Keyword(s):

Cultural Heritage ◽

The Other ◽

Religious Activity ◽

The West ◽

West Side ◽

The North ◽

North Side ◽

Stone Carving

Papua is a place which is potential to have variety of cultural heritage of megalithic, and it spreads over the Papua. The megalithic tradition has been in this area since the prehistory period, even this it is continuing until today. The influence of this culture in Papua came from the west side through Sulawesi, Maluku and finally reached to Papua. Moreover, from the north side, it came through the Mikronesia area, Melanesia dan then arrived to Papua. The culture of megalithic is believed that it is influnced by the Austronesia people. The forms of megalithic in Papua include the terraces stone, mareuw, stone pole, ainining duka, mortar stone, sharpening stone, stone path, soul path, stone enclosure, megalithic archa, woming stone, throne stone, menhir (standing stone), table stone (dolmen), engraving stone, carving stone, totor, and turtle stone. This discovery of megalithic culture is related with the religious activity dan the other social cuture activities. AbstrakPapua merupakan salah satu wilayah yang memiliki potensi keberadaan tinggalan budaya megalitik yang cukup banyak dan beragam bentuknya, lokasinya tersebar hampir di seluruh wilayah tersebut. Kehadiran tradisi megalitik di wilayah ini, sudah ada sejak zaman prasejarah, bahkan di beberapa tempat di Papua tradisi megalitik masih berlangsung hingga kini. Pengaruh budaya megalitik di wilayah Papua datang melalui dua jalur yaitu jalur barat melalui daerah Sulawesi, Maluku, hingga sampai ke Papua. Sedangkan jalur utara melalui wilayah Mikronesia, Melanesia, dan sampai ke Papua. Keberadaan budaya megalitik di Papua sebagai salah satu bentuk pengaruh dari bangsa Austronesia. Bentuk-bentuk tinggalan megalitik di wilayah Papua berupa bangunan berundak, mareuw, tiang batu, ainining duka, lumpang batu, batu asah, jajaran batu, jalan arwah, batu temugelang, area megalitik, batu peringatan, tahta batu, menhir, dolmen, batu bergores, pahatan batu, totor, dan batu teteruga. Temuantemuan tinggalan budaya tradisi megalitik tersebut berkaitan erat dengan aktivitas religi dan aktivitas sosial budaya lainnya.

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Investor-State Dispute Settlement under NAFTA Chapter 11: The Shape of Things to Come?

Canadian Yearbook of international Law/Annuaire canadien de droit international ◽

10.1017/s0069005800006652 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 263-290

Author(s):

J. Anthony VanDuzer

Keyword(s):

Free Trade Agreement ◽

Dispute Settlement ◽

Trade Agreement ◽

Minimum Standards ◽

The North ◽

State Behaviour ◽

Nafta Chapter 11 ◽

To Come ◽

The Right

SummaryRecently, there has been a proliferation of international agreements imposing minimum standards on states in respect of their treatment of foreign investors and allowing investors to initiate dispute settlement proceedings where a state violates these standards. Of greatest significance to Canada is Chapter 11 of the North American Free Trade Agreement, which provides both standards for state behaviour and the right to initiate binding arbitration. Since 1996, four cases have been brought under Chapter 11. This note describes the Chapter 11 process and suggests some of the issues that may arise as it is increasingly resorted to by investors.

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Long-term Cyclic Variations of Prominences, Green and Red Coronae over Solar Cycles

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100064496 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 179 ◽

pp. 201-204

Author(s):

Vojtech Rušin ◽

Milan Minarovjech ◽

Milan Rybanský

Keyword(s):

Emission Lines ◽

High Latitudes ◽

Green Line ◽

Solar Cycles ◽

The South ◽

Coronal Emission ◽

Local Maxima ◽

The North ◽

Cyclic Variations

AbstractLong-term cyclic variations in the distribution of prominences and intensities of green (530.3 nm) and red (637.4 nm) coronal emission lines over solar cycles 18–23 are presented. Polar prominence branches will reach the poles at different epochs in cycle 23: the north branch at the beginning in 2002 and the south branch a year later (2003), respectively. The local maxima of intensities in the green line show both poleward- and equatorward-migrating branches. The poleward branches will reach the poles around cycle maxima like prominences, while the equatorward branches show a duration of 18 years and will end in cycle minima (2007). The red corona shows mostly equatorward branches. The possibility that these branches begin to develop at high latitudes in the preceding cycles cannot be excluded.

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Bembicosoma re-examined: a xiphosuran from the Silurian of the North Esk Inlier, Pentland Hills, Scotland

Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Earth Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0263593303000129 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 94 (03) ◽

pp. 199

Keyword(s):

The North

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An ultrastructural study of sertoli cells in two geographically isolated populations of Aphanius dispar

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100123143 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 548-549

Author(s):

Taber A. Ba-Omar ◽

Philip F. Prentis

Keyword(s):

Ultrastructural Level ◽

Uranyl Acetate ◽

Freshwater Teleost ◽

Isolated Populations ◽

En Bloc ◽

The North ◽

Group A ◽

Ultrathin Sections ◽

Group B ◽

Geographically Isolated

We have recently carried out a study of spermiogenic differentiation in two geographically isolated populations of Aphanius dispar (freshwater teleost), with a view to ascertaining variation at the ultrastructural level. The sampling areas were the Jebel Al Akhdar in the north (Group A) and the Dhofar region (Group B) in the south. Specimens from each group were collected, the testes removed, fixed in Karnovsky solution, post fixed in OsO, en bloc stained with uranyl acetate and then routinely processed to Agar 100 resin, semi and ultrathin sections were prepared for study.

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SEM and TEM observations of sperm development in the testis of the freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100157838 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 58-59

Author(s):

Daryl A. Cornish ◽

George L. Smit

Keyword(s):

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Oreochromis Mossambicus ◽

Breeding Cycle ◽

Limited Information ◽

North West ◽

The North ◽

Sem And Tem ◽

Sperm Development ◽

Ultrastructural Characteristics ◽

The University

Oreochromis mossambicus is currently receiving much attention as a candidater species for aquaculture programs within Southern Africa. This has stimulated interest in its breeding cycle as well as the morphological characteristics of the gonads. Limited information is available on SEM and TEM observations of the male gonads. It is known that the testis of O. mossambicus is a paired, intra-abdominal structure of the lobular type, although further details of its characteristics are not known. Current investigations have shown that spermatids reach full maturity some two months after the female becomes gravid. Throughout the year, the testes contain spermatids at various stages of development although spermiogenesis appears to be maximal during November when spawning occurs. This paper describes the morphological and ultrastructural characteristics of the testes and spermatids.Specimens of this fish were collected at Syferkuil Dam, 8 km north- west of the University of the North over a twelve month period, sacrificed and the testes excised.

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