Curation, Statistics, and Settlement Studies: A Reply to Munday and Lincoln

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Bettinger
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Inference ◽  
Human Ecology ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Owens Valley ◽  
Settlement Studies

Munday and Lincoln have questioned my interpretations of prehistoric human ecology in Owens Valley, California, on the grounds that they may be an artifact of curation and prehistoric disturbance and on the grounds that statistical tests suggest that my interpretation of settlement data is incorrect. Careful consideration of their arguments shows that curation would not produce the effects they suggest and that they misuse statistical inference and settlement data. Review of the evidence supports my original views.

scholarly journals The connection between the 15 GHz radio and gamma-ray emission in blazars

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (S313) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
W. Max-Moerbeck ◽  
J. L. Richards ◽  
T. Hovatta ◽  
V. Pavlidou ◽  
T. J. Pearson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Light Curves ◽  
Owens Valley ◽  
Noise Characteristics ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
Emission Models ◽  
Gamma Ray Emission ◽  
Many Sources

AbstractSince mid-2007 we have carried out a dedicated long-term monitoring programme at 15 GHz using the Owens Valley Radio Observatory 40 meter telescope (OVRO 40m). One of the main goals of this programme is to study the relation between the radio and gamma-ray emission in blazars and to use it as a tool to locate the site of high energy emission. Using this large sample of objects we are able to characterize the radio variability, and study the significance of correlations between the radio and gamma-ray bands. We find that the radio variability of many sources can be described using a simple power law power spectral density, and that when taking into account the red-noise characteristics of the light curves, cases with significant correlation are rare. We note that while significant correlations are found in few individual objects, radio variations are most often delayed with respect to the gamma-ray variations. This suggests that the gamma-ray emission originates upstream of the radio emission. Because strong flares in most known gamma-ray-loud blazars are infrequent, longer light curves are required to settle the issue of the strength of radio-gamma cross-correlations and establish confidently possible delays between the two. For this reason continuous multiwavelength monitoring over a longer time period is essential for statistical tests of jet emission models.

Non-Gaussian Noise Statistics in Undoped Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon

1994 ◽  
Vol 336 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Khera ◽  
J. Kakalios
Keyword(s):  
Gaussian Noise ◽  
Hydrogen Diffusion ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Conductance Fluctuations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Non Gaussian ◽  
Noise Statistics ◽  
Hydrogenated Amorphous ◽  
Second Spectrum

ABSTRACTMeasurements of coplanar conductance fluctuations in undoped a-Si:H are described. Statistical tests show that the 1/f noise is non-Gaussian and has a power-law frequency dependent second spectrum, as observed in n-type a-Si:H. By careful consideration of the thermal history of the sample, the noise statistics are found to be different above and below the equilibration temperature, which has been associated with hydrogen diffusion. These results suggest that the non-Gaussian noise in a-Si:H is influenced by the motion of bonded hydrogen and is not significantly dependent upon doping.

Statistical tests in experimental psychiatric research

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Hand
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Inference ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Psychiatric Research ◽  
Exact Statistical Inference

SynopsisIt is pointed out that the subjects used in psychiatric research experiments are usually drawn in such a way as to invalidate many of the commonly applied statistical tests. The necessarily non-statistical component of any inference is noted, and the area where one might hope for an exact statistical inference is identified. A class of tests permitting such inferences is described. Their theoretical and practical advantages are outlined.

Multivariate Statistical Analysis of a Regional Subsistence-Settlement Model for Owens Valley

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Bettinger
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Human Ecology ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Analysis ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Techniques ◽  
Owens Valley ◽  
Multivariate Statistical

Despite their growing importance in the study of prehistoric human ecology, regional subsistence-settlement models continue to be developed and justified largely on intuitive grounds. This shortcoming can be at least partially overcome by using multivariate statistical techniques to clarify and refine these models. Such an approach is illustrated using classical factor analysis and discriminant analysis to explicate and improve a regional subsistence-settlement model previously developed for Owens Valley, eastern California.

Multiplicities In The Interpretation Of Clinical Trials

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Meier
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Statistical Inference ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
The Face ◽  
Coronary Events ◽  
Inference Methods

The use of conventional statistical inference methods to assess the differences between treatments is appropriate when a single endpoint (e.g. total mortality) is considered and the groups to be compared are well defined (e.g. all those randomly allocated to treatment). In practice there are many endpoints (e.g. coronary events, cardiovascular mortality, total mortality), many subgroups (males, females, those under forty years of age), and multiple times at which the data may be examined. The meaning of conventional statistical tests is greatly altered in the face of such multiplicities. Examples illustrating the problem and recommendations for keeping errors of inference under control are given.

Aboriginal Human Ecology in Owens Valley: Prehistoric Change in the Great Basin

1977 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Bettinger
Keyword(s):  
Great Basin ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Human Ecology ◽  
Settlement Patterns ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Human Adaptation ◽  
Surface Sampling ◽  
Owens Valley ◽  
Intensive Use ◽  
Regional Adaptation

There are two competing views regarding the nature of human adaptation in the Great Basin. One, proposed by Jennings, is that the adaptation was based on the intensive use of all available resources, and remained essentially static from 8000 B.C. to the present, being unaffected by climatic changes. The other view, proposed by Heizer and others, suggests that the regional adaptation varied through time and space, being affected by local resource availability and climatic changes. The validity of these two views was tested by regional surface sampling in Owens Valley, eastern California. Survey data were analyzed by a variety of quantitative and qualitative techniques, revealing a complex sequence of changes in subsistence-settlement patterns. These data tend to support the view that prehistoric adaptation in the Great Basin was variable, rather than static, through time.

Sampling and Statistical Inference in Owens Valley

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 656-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Bettinger
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Inference ◽  
Owens Valley

scholarly journals Inferential statistics are descriptive statistics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentin Amrhein ◽  
David Trafimow ◽  
Sander Greenland
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Statistical Inference ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Inferential Statistics ◽  
Reporting Practices ◽  
Statistical Inferences ◽  
Assumption Violations ◽  
Replication Crisis ◽  
Statistical Results

There has been much discussion of a "replication crisis" related to statistical inference, which has largely been attributed to overemphasis on and abuse of hypothesis testing. Much of the abuse stems from failure to recognize that statistical tests not only test hypotheses, but countless assumptions and the entire environment in which research takes place. Honestly reported results must vary from replication to replication because of varying assumption violations and random variation; excessive agreement itself would suggest deeper problems, such as failure to publish results in conflict with group expectations or desires. Considerable non-replication is thus to be expected even with the best reporting practices, and generalizations from single studies are rarely if ever warranted. Because of all the uncertain and unknown assumptions that underpin statistical inferences, we should treat inferential statistics as highly unstable local descriptions of relations between assumptions and data, rather than as generalizable inferences about hypotheses or models. And that means we should treat statistical results as being much more incomplete and uncertain than is currently the norm. Rather than focusing our study reports on uncertain conclusions, we should thus focus on describing accurately how the study was conducted, what data resulted, what analysis methods were used and why, and what problems occurred.

scholarly journals Comparison of Height, Weight and Head Circumference Index and the Incidence of Infectious and Gastrointestinal Diseases in Breast-Fed and Formula-Fed Infants at 0 to 1 Year Old in Bu-Ali Sina Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1717-1730
Author(s):  
Fariba Gorohi ◽  
Maryam Shiemorteza ◽  
Marjan Mohammad Nori
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Statistical Inference ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Breast Fed

This analytic-descriptive study compares the growth curve of breastfed babies and those babies who receive formula at 0 to 12 months of age. In order to do the study, the weights of 95% of newborn babies were considered at birth. The data were collected through a questionnaire whose validity was tested by Cronbach's alpha method. The data was analyzed using SPSS software (version 22) and appropriate statistical tests. Data analysis was performed on the basis of statistical inference and appropriate statistical techniques to confirm or reject the hypothesis.

scholarly journals Abandon statistical inference

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentin Amrhein ◽  
David Trafimow ◽  
Sander Greenland
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Statistical Inference ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Inferential Statistics ◽  
Reporting Practices ◽  
Statistical Inferences ◽  
Assumption Violations ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Statistical Results ◽  
Complete Reporting

There is a massive crisis of confidence in statistical inference, which has largely been attributed to overemphasis on and abuse of hypothesis testing. Much of the abuse stems from failure to recognize that statistical tests not only test hypotheses, but countless assumptions and the entire environment in which research takes place. Unedited and unselected results must vary from replication to replication because of varying assumption violations and random variation; excessive agreement itself would suggest deeper problems, such as failure to publish results in conflict with group expectations or desires. Considerable non-replication is thus to be expected even with honest and complete reporting practices, and generalizations from single studies are rarely if ever warranted. Because of all the uncertain and unknown assumptions that underpin statistical inferences, we should treat inferential statistics as highly unstable local descriptions of relations between model predictions and data, rather than as generalizable inferences about hypotheses or models. And that means we should treat statistical results as being much more incomplete and uncertain than is currently the norm. Rather than focusing our study reports on uncertain conclusions, we should thus focus on describing accurately how the study was conducted, what problems occurred, and what analysis methods were used.

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