Ethical Principles and Archaeological Practice: Development of an Ethics Policy

1997 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Lynott
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Executive Board ◽  
Special Report ◽  
Archaeological Ethics ◽  
Archaeological Practice ◽  
Ethics Policy ◽  
Contemporary Practice ◽  
Code Of Professional Conduct ◽  
Practice Development ◽  
Made In

Unsettling conditions surrounding the contemporary practice of archaeology have generated an urgent need for clear ethical guidelines. The Principles of Archaeological Ethics were developed to help meet this need and provided in draft form to the Society for American Archaeology membership for review as part of a Special Report (Lynott and Wylie 1995b). Since that initial publication, two additional principles have been developed, and the original six principles have been revised and published in this journal (61:451-452). The changes were made in response to comments provided by the membership and the Executive Board. The principles are intended to serve as ethical ideals rather than a code of professional conduct.

Society for American Archaeology Principles of Archaeological Ethics

1996 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-452 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Annual Meeting ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Executive Board ◽  
Special Report ◽  
Public Forum ◽  
American Archaeology ◽  
Archaeological Ethics

At its April 10, 1996, meeting the Society for American Archaeology Executive Board adopted the Principles of Archaeological Ethics, reproduced below, as proposed by the SAA Ethics in Archaeology Committee. The adoption of these principles represents the culmination of an effort begun in 1991 with the formation of the ad hoc Ethics in Archaeology Committee. The committee was charged with considering the need for revising the society's existing statements on ethics. A 1993 workshop on ethics, held in Reno, resulted in draft principles that were presented at a public forum at the 1994 annual meeting in Anaheim, California. SAA published the draft principles with position papers from the forum and historical commentaries in a special report distributed to all members, Ethics in American Archaeology: Challenges for the 1990s, edited by Mark J. Lynott and Alison Wylie (1995). Member comments were solicited in this special report, through a notice in SAA Bulletin, and at two sessions held at the SAA booth during the 1995 annual meeting in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The final principles presented here are revised from the original draft based on comments from members and the Executive Board.

Selected Decisions and Selected Documents of the International Monetary Fund, Forty First Issue Supplement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Executive Board ◽  
Second Amendment ◽  
Board Of Governors ◽  
The International Monetary Fund ◽  
Frequent Reference ◽  
Made In ◽  
The Imf

This volume is the Forty-First Issue of Selected Decisions and Selected Documents of the IMF. It includes decisions, interpretations, and resolutions of the Executive Board and the Board of Governors of the IMF, as well as selected documents, to which frequent reference is made in the current activities of the IMF. In addition, it includes certain documents relating to the IMF, the United Nations, and other international organizations. As with other recent issues, the number of decisions in force continues to increase, with the decision format tending to be longer given the use of summings up in lieu of formal decisions. Accordingly, it has become necessary to delete certain decisions that were included in earlier issues, that is, those that only completed or called for reviews of decisions, those that lapsed, and those that were superseded by more recent decisions. Wherever reference is made in these decisions and documents to a provision of the IMF’s Articles of Agreement or Rules and Regulations that has subsequently been renumbered by, or because of, the Second Amendment of the Fund’s Articles of Agreement (effective April 1, 1978), the corresponding provision currently in effect is cited in a footnote.

Confidentiality in participatory research

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmira Petrova ◽  
Jan Dewing ◽  
Michelle Camilleri
Keyword(s):  
Research Ethics ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Ethics Committee ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Case Study Methodology ◽  
Research Ethics Committee ◽  
Practice Development

Aim: This article presents key ethical challenges that were encountered when conducting a participatory qualitative research project with a very specific, small group of nurses, in this case with practice development nurses in Malta. Background: With the small number of nurses employed in practice development roles in Malta, there are numerous difficulties of maintaining confidentiality. Poorly constructed interventions by the researcher could have resulted in detrimental effects to research participants and the overall trustworthiness of the research. Generally, ethical guidelines for research exist to reinforce validity of research; however, there is not an established consensus on how these strategies can be utilised in some types of qualitative field work. Research design: The researcher used an exploratory case study methodology. The sample consisted of 10 participants who were interviewed twice using face-to-face interviews, over a period of 2 months. Ethical considerations: The study was ethically reviewed by the University Research Ethics Committee and the Faculty Research Ethics Committee, University of Malta. The participants referred to in this article have been given adequate information about the study and their consent has been obtained. Discussion: Numerous strategies for ensuring confidentiality during recruitment of the participants, during data collection, during transcription and data analysis and during dissemination of research results assisted the researcher in responding to potential and actual ethical issues. Conclusion: This article emphasises the main strategies that can be used to respond to ethical challenges when researching with a small easily identifiable group. The learning discussed here may be relevant to or even transferable to other similar research studies or research contexts. These methods fostered a greater credibility throughout the research process and predisposed the participants to greater trust, and thus, they disclosed their experiences and speak more freely, thus enhancing the quality of the study.

scholarly journals Between Rationalism and Romanticism - Archaeological Heritage Management in the 1990s

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-122
Author(s):  
Kristian Kristiansen
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
Archaeological Practice ◽  
Cultural Biography ◽  
Critical Attention ◽  
Holistic Perception ◽  
Archaeological Heritage Management

In this article it is argued that "heritage" both as a theoretical concept and a practice, is central to defining archaeology's role in society. Greater critical attention should therefore be given to this arena of archaeological practice on the part of theoretical archaeology and the heritage administration itself. Since archaeological heritage management is situated between interests in the present, these have to be defined as a first step. Three basic concepts and their role in shaping the development of archaeological heritage management are briefly analysed: the cultural environment, the cultural biography and cultural identity. It is argued that they are part of a development towards a more holistic perception and ideological use of the cultural heritage. This invites political manipulation. To avoid this, certain universal objectives in combination with ethical guidelines are suggested.

Quota Formula Review - Further Considerations

Policy Papers ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 (62) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Working Group ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Considerable Progress ◽  
Executive Board ◽  
Recent Meeting ◽  
Constructive Engagement ◽  
Made In

The Executive Board has held three formal meetings on the quota formula review, and discussions have also taken place in other fora including the IMFC Deputies work stream and the G-20 IFA Working Group. Considerable progress has been made in terms of identifying areas of common ground as well as those areas where views differ. At their most recent meeting in late September, Directors reaffirmed their commitment to completing the review by January 2013, and stressed that achieving this goal will require constructive engagement and a spirit of flexibility and compromise from all sides. At its subsequent meeting in Tokyo, the IMFC called on the membership to develop the consensus needed through further engagement of the Executive Board, with input from the IMFC Deputies, to complete the review by January 2013.

Implementation Plan in Response to Board-Endorsed Recommendations Arising from the Independent Evaluation Office Report on The IMF and Aid to Sub-Saharan Africa

Policy Papers ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Executive Board ◽  
Implementation Plan ◽  
Implementation Phase ◽  
Independent Evaluation ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Made In ◽  
The Imf

This paper sets out an implementation plan that responds to the IEO report on the Fund and Aid to Sub-Saharan Africa (the IEO Report). It sets out the recommendations made in the IEO Report and the view of the Executive Board on them (Section II), and outlines the various work streams that are being undertaken to respond substantively to the recommendations endorsed by the Board (Section III). The paper also estimates the cost of the first stage of the Fund’s response to the IEO Report, while costings for proposals in the implementation phase will be provided in the context of forthcoming Board papers. Finally, the paper solicits Directors’ feedback.

scholarly journals Morocco

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (265) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Current Account ◽  
Executive Board ◽  
Current Account Deficits ◽  
Made In ◽  
Macroeconomic Stability

The Executive Board approved a two-year Precautionary and Liquidity Line (PLL) arrangement with Morocco in July 2014. The arrangement followed the 2012–14 PLL arrangement, and sought to build on the progress made in the previous two years. The authorities kept their objective of strengthening macroeconomic stability and promoting stronger and more job-rich growth. They committed to use the backstop provided by the PLL-supported program to help continue reducing vulnerabilities in the fiscal and external sectors, notably by reducing the fiscal and current account deficits. Per the authorities’ request, access was lower than under the previous PLL arrangement, equivalent to 550 percent of quota (about SDR 3.24billion).

Third Progress Report on Inclusion of Enhanced Contractual Provisions in International Sovereign Bond Contracts

Policy Papers ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (67) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Active Role ◽  
Progress Report ◽  
Executive Board ◽  
Sovereign Bond ◽  
Sovereign Bonds ◽  
Liability Management ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Voting Procedures ◽  
Made In ◽  
The Imf

The IMF Executive Board endorsed in October 2014 the inclusion of key features of enhanced pari passu provisions and collective action clauses (CACs) in new international sovereign bonds.1 Specifically, the Executive Board endorsed the use of (i) a modified pari passu provision that explicitly excludes the obligation to effect ratable payments, and (ii) an enhanced CAC with a menu of voting procedures, including a “single-limb” aggregated voting procedure that enables bonds to be restructured on the basis of a single vote across all affected instruments, a two-limb aggregated voting procedure, and a series-by-series voting procedure.2 Directors supported an active role for the IMF in promoting the inclusion of these clauses in international sovereign bonds.3 The IMFC and the G20 further called on the IMF to promote the use of such clauses and report on their inclusion. Since that time, the IMF has published periodic progress reports on inclusion of the enhanced clauses.4 These reports found that since the Executive Board’s endorsement, substantial progress had been made in incorporating the enhanced clauses, with approximately 85 percent of new international sovereign bond issuances since October 2014 (in nominal principal amount) including such clauses. The reports also found that there was no observable market impact on inclusion of the enhanced clauses. However, the reports noted that the outstanding stock without the enhanced clauses remained significant, with issuers showing little appetite for liability management exercises to accelerate the turnover. This paper provides a further update on the inclusion of the enhanced clauses and on the outstanding stock of international sovereign bonds as of September 30, 2017. Section II reports on the inclusion of these enhanced provisions, finding that the vast majority of issuers are including these clauses, with only a few countries standing out against the market trend. Section II also provides an update on the outstanding stock, indicating that while the percentage of the outstanding stock with the enhanced clauses is increasing, a significant percentage of the stock still does not and little action has been taken by issuers to increase the rate of turnover. Section III briefly reports on the use of different bond structures, and Section IV describes the staff’s ongoing outreach efforts and next steps.

World Health Organization

1960 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-475 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Research Program ◽  
World Health ◽  
Executive Board ◽  
The World ◽  
Percent Increase ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Outstanding Work ◽  
Made In

The Executive Board of the World Health Organization (WHO) held its 25th session in Geneva, January 19—February 1, 1960, under the chairmanship of Professor E. Aujaleu. At the onset, the Board unanimously recommended that the World Health Assembly adopt a working budget of $18,569,620 for 1961, representing a 10 percent increase over the preceding year, due to the growth of the Organization's activities. The Board also considered a report, based on the recommendations of its Advisory Committee on Medical Research, on the general development of the medical research program; it dealt with such subjects as malaria, tuberculosis, leprosy, and insecticide resistance, among others. It recommended that priority be given to the following: 1) services to research, such as the standardization of nomenclature and techniques and equipment to ensure comparable results in different parts of the world; 2) setting up reference centers; and 3) improving the training of research workers and communications among them. Noting these priorities, the Board expressed its satisfaction with the proposed research program for 1960–1961. The Board also considered a UN resolution on the encouragement of international cancer research through awarding prizes for outstanding work in this field; however, on the basis of a study made in connection with the intensification of its medical research program, the Board expressed doubt whether awarding prizes was the most suitable means of encouraging research.

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