Comparative Gastrointestinal Nematode Parasitism in Naturally Infected Ewe and Ram Lambs

1972 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Knight ◽  
Halsey H. Vegors ◽  
Ivan L. Lindahl
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Nematode Parasitism ◽  
Ram Lambs

Can plant secondary metabolites have a role in controlling gastrointestinal nematode parasitism in small ruminants?

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 197-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Athanasiadou ◽  
I. Kyriazakis ◽  
F. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Parasite Control ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Excessive Consumption ◽  
Nematode Parasitism

SummaryPlant secondary metabolites (PSM) are widely known for their antinutritional properties; their excessive consumption can detrimentally affect herbivore health and, in some cases, survival. However, a growing body of evidence is suggesting that some classes of PSM may also have some positive effects on herbivores. Such positive effects include the antiparasitic properties of certain PSM and their beneficial consequences on the herbivore's fitness. One of the better-exploited classes of PSM that have been reported with anthelmintic properties is that of the condensed tannins. The consumption of moderate concentrations of condensed tannins has resulted in reduced level of parasitism in sheep and other ruminants. In this paper we discuss the conditions that should be met in order for the positive anthelmintic properties of PSM, and condensed tannins in particular, to be beneficial for parasitised sheep. We also examine whether PSM could have a role in controlling parasitism in ruminants and point out the future research needed to achieve an efficient use of PSM for parasite control.

Effects of parasitism on the nutrient economy of sheep: an overview

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Sykes ◽  
A. W. Greer
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Parasite Control ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Initial Acquisition ◽  
Nematode Parasitism ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Peripartum Period ◽  
Nutrient Economy

The experimental difficulties of qualifying the effects of gastrointestinal nematode parasitism on the nutrient economy of sheep from field and laboratory studies are discussed. The evidence available is reviewed and the conclusion drawn is that infection in the abomasum or small intestine induces protein deficiency while reducing supply through depression of appetite. It appears that the effects in susceptible animals — in lambs during the phase of initial acquisition of immunity and in ewes during the peripartum period — are largely reversible by protein supplementation. Quantified effects on mineral nutrition are few and are probably site-specific.The possibility that the host immune response per se may be implicated in the characteristic appetite depression is discussed. The need to understand the immune response's demand for specific amino acids is emphasised, particularly if nutritional supplements are to be used effectively in parasite control. A better understanding of the post-ruminal supply of amino acid in grazing animals will also be needed.

Correlation of subclinical gastrointestinal nematode parasitism with growth and reproductive performance in ewe lambs in Ontario

2020 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 105175
Author(s):  
Emma A. Borkowski ◽  
Jacob Avula ◽  
Elizabeth M. Redman ◽  
William Sears ◽  
Brandon N. Lillie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Nematode Parasitism

Mineral nutrition and its effects on gastrointestinal immune function of sheep

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 1455 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. McClure
Keyword(s):  
Mucosal Immunity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Internal Parasites ◽  
Dietary Component ◽  
Nematode Parasitism ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
On Farm

Sustainable control of gastrointestinal nematode parasitism requires optimisation of protective mucosal immunity. This may involve controlling predisposing factors, of which nutrition is the easiest to manipulate, or immuno-enhancement, including that by dietary components. Minerals are 1 type of dietary component with the potential to alter regulation of mucosal immunity to parasites.In addition to more specific functions, both major and trace elements have wide-ranging roles in the activity of enzyme systems, with the potential to affect immunity via a number of pathways. While there is little reported work on the effects of minerals on mucosal immunity of ruminants, some important principles can be drawn from this work. These are discussed with work on immunity in general. Also indicated is the future research needed to explain the role of minerals in immunity to internal parasites and to permit the application of this understanding to on-farm situations.

Correlation of salivary antibody to carbohydrate larval antigen (CarLA) with health and gastrointestinal nematode parasitism in sheep under Ontario grazing conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 283 ◽  
pp. 109183
Author(s):  
Emma A. Borkowski ◽  
Jacob Avula ◽  
Niel A. Karrow ◽  
Paula I. Menzies ◽  
William Sears ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Nematode Parasitism

Nutritional programming of young sheep to improve later-life production and resistance to nematode parasites: a brief review

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 1431 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Knox ◽  
K. Deng ◽  
J. V. Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
High Quality Protein ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Nematode Parasitism ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Optimal Efficiency ◽  
The Cost

Nutritional supplementation, particularly with high quality protein, can increase the resistance and resilience of sheep to infection with gastrointestinal nematode parasites. Nonetheless, this approach to improved nematode parasite control has not been widely adopted, probably because the cost of supplements is usually greater than the immediate production benefits that are conferred. Evidence is presented to support the proposition that long-term effects on liveweight, wool production, reproductive performance and immunity to nematode infection can be programmed through strategic supplementation of sheep during periods of nutritional scarcity. Where optimal efficiency of lifetime production is desired, particular attention should be paid to ensuring that nutritional needs are met and negative impacts of nematode parasitism are minimised during lactation and around the time of weaning.

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