Study of the characteristics of the Glossinidae family (Muscoidea, Oestroidea)

Oestridae is a family of flies, which includes species whose larvae are internal parasites of several species of mammals. Some species settle in the host's flesh, while others occur in the viscera. This study objective to report the characteristics of the Glossinidae Family. The research was carried out in studies related to quantitative aspects of the Family, Subfamily and Species (taxonomic groups) and conceptual aspects such as: biology, geographical distribution, species, life cycle, damage, laboratory creation, economic importance, medicinal importance, biological aspects, monitoring, control, and reproduction. A literature search was carried out containing articles published from 1950 to 2021. The mini-review was prepared in Goiânia, Goiás, from September to October 2021, through the Online Scientific Library (Scielo), internet, ResearchGate, Academia.edu, Frontiers, Publons, Qeios, Portal of Scientific Journals in Health Sciences, Pubmed, Online Scientific Library (Scielo), internet, ResearchGate, Academia.edu, Frontiers, Biological Abstract, Publons, Qeios, Portal of Scientific Journals in Health Sciences, and Pubmed, Dialnet, World, Wide Science, Springer, RefSeek, Microsoft Academic, Science, ERIC, Science Research.com, SEEK education, Periódicos CAPES, Google Academic, Bioline International and VADLO.

Study of the characteristics of the Oestridae family (Muscoidea, Oestroidea)

Oestridae is a family of flies, which includes species whose larvae are internal parasites of several species of mammals. Some species settle in the host's flesh, while others occur in the viscera. This study objective to report the characteristics of the Family Oestridae. The research was carried out in studies related to quantitative aspects of the Family, Subfamily and Species (taxonomic groups) and conceptual aspects such as: biology, geographical distribution, species, life cycle, damage, laboratory creation, economic importance, medicinal importance, biological aspects, monitoring and control and reproduction. A literature search was carried out containing articles published from 1950 to 2021. The mini-review was prepared in Goiânia, Goiás, from September to October 2021, through the Online Scientific Library (Scielo), internet, ResearchGate, Academia.edu, Frontiers, Publons, Qeios, Portal of Scientific Journals in Health Sciences, Pubmed, Online Scientific Library (Scielo), internet, ResearchGate, Academia.edu, Frontiers, Biological Abstract, Publons, Qeios, Portal of Scientific Journals in Health Sciences, and Pubmed, Dialnet, World, Wide Science, Springer, RefSeek, Microsoft Academic, Science, ERIC, Science Research.com, SEEK education, Periódicos CAPES, Google Academic, Bioline International and VADLO.

Study of the characteristics of the Glossinidae family (Muscoidea, Oestroidea)

Oestridae is a family of flies, which includes species whose larvae are internal parasites of several species of mammals. Some species settle in the host's flesh, while others occur in the viscera. This study objective to report the characteristics of the Glossinidae Family. The research was carried out in studies related to quantitative aspects of the Family, Subfamily and Species (taxonomic groups) and conceptual aspects such as: biology, geographical distribution, species, life cycle, damage, laboratory creation, economic importance, medicinal importance, biological aspects, monitoring, control, and reproduction. A literature search was carried out containing articles published from 1950 to 2021. The mini-review was prepared in Goiânia, Goiás, from September to October 2021, through the Online Scientific Library (Scielo), internet, ResearchGate, Academia.edu, Frontiers, Publons, Qeios, Portal of Scientific Journals in Health Sciences, Pubmed, Online Scientific Library (Scielo), internet, ResearchGate, Academia.edu, Frontiers, Biological Abstract, Publons, Qeios, Portal of Scientific Journals in Health Sciences, and Pubmed, Dialnet, World, Wide Science, Springer, RefSeek, Microsoft Academic, Science, ERIC, Science Research.com, SEEK education, Periódicos CAPES, Google Academic, Bioline International and VADLO.

Importances zootechniques et parasites internes des porcs de race locale (Sus crofa domesticus) élevés au Bénin: synthèse bibliographique

En Afrique et particulièrement au Bénin, l’élevage du porc constitue une activité génératrice de revenu. Toutefois, les acteurs de ce secteur sont confrontés à de nombreuses difficultés dont le parasitisme qui entraîne une baisse de production et de productivité. Le présent travail a pour but de faire une revue de littérature sur les parasites qui affectent l’élevage des porcs en Afrique et particulièrement au Bénin. De l’analyse des données collectées, il ressort que trois types d’élevage sont pratiqués au Bénin : l’élevage traditionnel, prédominant et pratiqué à 65%, l’élevage semi-intensif ou semi moderne à 32% et enfin l’élevage intensif ou moderne à 3%. L’amélioration des conditions d’élevage et particulièrement l’alimentation du porc indigène d’Afrique est favorable à l’expression de son potentiel zootechnique. Malgré l’optimalisation des rations, les performances zootechniques du porc local restent encore faibles par rapport à celles des races améliorées. Très peu d’étude sont abordé la prévalence des parasites internes du porc au plan national, mais parmi les parasites rapportés, on a noté : Ascaris suum, Strongyloides ransomi, Trichuris suis, le genre Hyostrongylus et d'autres parasites internes du porc. Il s’impose de mener une étude sur les parasites du porc au Bénin afin de déterminer la prévalence des différents parasites et le danger que ces derniers représentent pour le développement de cette filière. English title: Zootechnical importance and internal parasites of local pigs (Sus crofa domesticus) raised in Benin: bibliographic synthesis In Africa, and particularly in Benin, pig farming is an income-generating activity. However, the actors of this sector are confronted with many difficulties, including parasitism which leads to a decrease in production and productivity. The aim of this study is to review the literature on parasites affecting pig farming in Africa, articularly in Benin. From the analysis of the data collected, it appears that three types of livestock production are practised in Benin: traditional livestock production, which is predominant and practised at 65%, semi-intensive or semi-modern livestock production at 32% and finally intensive or modern livestock production at 3%. The improvement of breeding conditions and particularly the feeding of the indigenous African pig is favorable to the expression of its zootechnical potential. Despite the optimization of rations, the zootechnical performance of local pigs is still low compared to that of improved breeds. Very few studies have addressed the prevalence of internal parasites of pigs at the national level, but among the parasites reported were: Ascaris suum, Strongyloides ransomi, Trichuris suis, the genus Hyostrongylus and other internal parasites of pigs. It is necessary to conduct a study on pig parasites in Benin in order to determine the prevalence of the different parasites and the danger that they represent for the development of this sector.

Malaria Parasites Hijack Host Receptors From Exosomes to Capture Lipoproteins

Malaria parasites cannot multiply in host erythrocytes without cholesterol because they lack complete sterol biosynthesis systems. This suggests parasitized red blood cells (pRBCs) need to capture host sterols, but its mechanism remains unknown. Here we identified a novel high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-delivery pathway operating in blood-stage Plasmodium. In parasitized mouse plasma, exosomes positive for scavenger receptor CD36 and platelet-specific CD41 increased. These CDs were detected in pRBCs and internal parasites. A low molecular antagonist for scavenger receptors, BLT-1, blocked HDL uptake to pRBCs and suppressed Plasmodium growth in vitro. Furthermore, platelet-derived exosomes were internalized in pRBCs. Thus, we presume CD36 is delivered to malaria parasites from platelets by exosomes, which enables parasites to steal HDL for cholesterol supply. Cholesterol needs to cross three membranes (RBC, parasitophorous vacuole and parasite’s plasma membranes) to reach parasite, but our findings can explain the first step of sterol uptake by intracellular parasites.

PSXIV-21 Performance of hair lambs maintained on stockpiled permanent pasture mixed with Cleome gynandra L. at multiple stocking densities

Stockpiled forage may extend the grazing season for sheep, reducing feeding costs. Additionally, internal parasites are a problem in sheep managed under grazing conditions. Plants high in phenolic compounds have potential to reduce parasite problems. Cleome gynandra is one such plant that has traditionally been used to treat worms in humans. Thirty-six Katahdin × Dorper lambs (38.8 ± 0.7 kg) were used to investigate the effect of stockpiled forages on lamb performance at different stocking densities: (i) 23 lambs/ha (LOW), (ii) 46 lambs/ha (MED), and (iii) 92 lambs/ha (HIGH). To test C. gynandra for anthelmintic properties, lambs were assigned to (i) permanent pastures (PP), and (ii) PP inter-seeded with C. gynandra (CL). The LOW lambs had the highest ADG (83.8 ± 10.5 g/day), MED lambs were intermediate (48.4 ± 11.6 g/day) and HIGH lambs were lowest (11.0 ± 10.6 g/day; P < 0.001). Lamb BCS did not differ between stocking densities or pasture types (P > 0.10). Fecal egg counts did not differ (P > 0.10) between pasture treatments. In conclusion, stockpiled forages may extend the grazing season for yearling lambs in Southern California. The lack of effect on parasite egg counts may be attributed to grazing C. gynandra at mature stage when nutritional and medicinal values were at their lowest. Future research can clarify the economics of grazing stockpiled forages for sheep at different stages of production, and nutritional effect of C. gynandra on carcass quality.

A Comparative Anthelmentic Studies on Jasminum Grandiflorum and Cordia Diachotoma

Anthelmintics are a class of antiparasitic drugs that eliminate parasitic worms (helminths) and other internal parasites from the body by stunning or destroying them without harming the host. They're also known as vermifuges (stun drugs) or vermicides (drugs that destroy vermin) (those that kill). Anthelmintics, a disease called helminthiasis, are used to treat individuals that are infected by helminths. For the care of infected animals, these medications are sometimes used. The extraction from leaves of Jasminum Grandiflorum and Cordia Dichotoma was done by soxhlet apparatus for 3 days by using alcohol (Ethanol) as solvent. After that the evaporation of solvent was done for obtaining solid form of extract. Phytochemical screening of solid form of extract was performed to study its contents ( Eg. Tannins, Alkaloids, Anthocynin, steroids, etc.)Cordia Dichotoma and Jasminum Grandiflorum extracts in ethanol were taken for anthelmintic activity against Parthitima Postuma which is an Indian earthworm. Various quantities of both extract were monitored and the results were expressed for paralysis and bacterial death time. Distilled water used as acontrol group. Dependent Activity of the dose of both plants was observed But Jasminum grandiflorum shows more activity than Cordia diachotoma .It was concluded that Both the studied plants had some anthelmintic activity, therefore, in vivo trials may be conducted for further.

Cues for Directional Hearing in the Fly Ormia ochracea

Insects are often small relative to the wavelengths of sounds they need to localize, which presents a fundamental biophysical problem. Understanding novel solutions to this limitation can provide insights for biomimetic technologies. Such an approach has been successful using the fly Ormia ochracea (Diptera: Tachinidae) as a model. O. ochracea is a parasitoid species whose larvae develop as internal parasites within crickets (Gryllidae). In nature, female flies find singing male crickets by phonotaxis, despite severe constraints on directional hearing due to their small size. A physical coupling between the two tympanal membranes allows the flies to obtain information about sound source direction with high accuracy because it generates interaural time-differences (ITD) and interaural level differences (ILD) in tympanal vibrations that are exaggerated relative to the small arrival-time difference at the two ears, that is the only cue available in the sound stimulus. In this study, I demonstrate that pure time-differences in the neural responses to sound stimuli are sufficient for auditory directionality in O. ochracea.

Feline parasites and the emergence of feline lungworm in the Portland metropolitan area, Oregon, USA 2016–2017

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of internal parasites in feral and free-roaming owned cats in the region of Portland, Oregon, USA. Methods Fecal samples from asymptomatic cats were opportunistically collected from feral cats presented for surgical sterilization (n = 46), as well as free-roaming owned cats (n = 86) presented to primary care clinics. Fecal analysis was performed using the Baermann technique, centrifugal flotation, fluorescent auramine and fluorescent antibody for Giardia species. Results Lungworm infection was identified in 24.2% of owned cats and 17.2% of feral cats. At least 11 unique parasite species were identified in this study. Taenia species and Toxocara cati were identified in higher proportions in feral cats, whereas Giardia species were significantly higher in owned cats. Conclusions and relevance The prevalence of lungworm was higher than has been previously documented in other areas of the USA. In addition, feral cats were infected with a higher percentage of Toxocara species and Taenia but a significantly lower percentage of Giardia species.