Studies on the North Korean Strain of Plasmodium vivax in Aotus Monkeys and Different Anophelines

1985 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Collins ◽  
Jimmie C. Skinner ◽  
Wojciech A. Krotoski ◽  
Frank B. Cogswell ◽  
Robert W. Gwadz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Korean Strain ◽  
The North

scholarly journals Molecular surveillance of the Plasmodium vivax multidrug resistance 1 gene in Peru between 2006 and 2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredy E. Villena ◽  
Jorge L. Maguiña ◽  
Meddly L. Santolalla ◽  
Edwar Pozo ◽  
Carola J. Salas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Molecular Surveillance ◽  
Synonymous Mutations ◽  
The North ◽  
Multidrug Resistance 1 Gene

Abstract Background The high incidence of Plasmodium vivax infections associated with clinical severity and the emergence of chloroquine (CQ) resistance has posed a challenge to control efforts aimed at eliminating this disease. Despite conflicting evidence regarding the role of mutations of P. vivax multidrug resistance 1 gene (pvmdr1) in drug resistance, this gene can be a tool for molecular surveillance due to its variability and spatial patterns. Methods Blood samples were collected from studies conducted between 2006 and 2015 in the Northern and Southern Amazon Basin and the North Coast of Peru. Thick and thin blood smears were prepared for malaria diagnosis by microscopy and PCR was performed for detection of P. vivax monoinfections. The pvmdr1 gene was subsequently sequenced and the genetic data was used for haplotype and diversity analysis. Results A total of 550 positive P. vivax samples were sequenced; 445 from the Northern Amazon Basin, 48 from the Southern Amazon Basin and 57 from the North Coast. Eight non-synonymous mutations and three synonymous mutations were analysed in 4,395 bp of pvmdr1. Amino acid changes at positions 976F and 1076L were detected in the Northern Amazon Basin (12.8%) and the Southern Amazon Basin (4.2%) with fluctuations in the prevalence of both mutations in the Northern Amazon Basin during the course of the study that seemed to correspond with a malaria control programme implemented in the region. A total of 13 pvmdr1 haplotypes with non-synonymous mutations were estimated in Peru and an overall nucleotide diversity of π = 0.00054. The Northern Amazon Basin was the most diverse region (π = 0.00055) followed by the Southern Amazon and the North Coast (π = 0.00035 and π = 0.00014, respectively). Conclusion This study showed a high variability in the frequencies of the 976F and 1076L polymorphisms in the Northern Amazon Basin between 2006 and 2015. The low and heterogeneous diversity of pvmdr1 found in this study underscores the need for additional research that can elucidate the role of this gene on P. vivax drug resistance as well as in vitro and clinical data that can clarify the extend of CQ resistance in Peru.

scholarly journals The susceptibility of Anopheles lesteri to infection with Korean strain of Plasmodium vivax

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Joshi ◽  
Wej Choochote ◽  
Mi-Hyun Park ◽  
Jung-Yeon Kim ◽  
Tong-Soo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Korean Strain ◽  
Anopheles Lesteri

scholarly journals High Genetic Diversity of Plasmodium vivax on the North Coast of Papua New Guinea

2013 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Arnott ◽  
Alyssa E. Barry ◽  
Nicolas Senn ◽  
Celine Barnadas ◽  
John C. Reeder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
North Coast ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
The North

scholarly journals Genetic Variability of Plasmodium vivax in the North Coast of Peru and the Ecuadorian Amazon Basin

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio A. Ventocilla ◽  
Jorge Nuñez ◽  
L. Lorena Tapia ◽  
Carmen M. Lucas ◽  
Stephen R. Manock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
North Coast ◽  
The North ◽  
Ecuadorian Amazon ◽  
North Coast Of Peru

Investor-State Dispute Settlement under NAFTA Chapter 11: The Shape of Things to Come?

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 263-290
Author(s):  
J. Anthony VanDuzer
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Minimum Standards ◽  
The North ◽  
State Behaviour ◽  
Nafta Chapter 11 ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Right

SummaryRecently, there has been a proliferation of international agreements imposing minimum standards on states in respect of their treatment of foreign investors and allowing investors to initiate dispute settlement proceedings where a state violates these standards. Of greatest significance to Canada is Chapter 11 of the North American Free Trade Agreement, which provides both standards for state behaviour and the right to initiate binding arbitration. Since 1996, four cases have been brought under Chapter 11. This note describes the Chapter 11 process and suggests some of the issues that may arise as it is increasingly resorted to by investors.

Long-term Cyclic Variations of Prominences, Green and Red Coronae over Solar Cycles

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 201-204
Author(s):  
Vojtech Rušin ◽  
Milan Minarovjech ◽  
Milan Rybanský
Keyword(s):  
Emission Lines ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Green Line ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
The South ◽  
Coronal Emission ◽  
Local Maxima ◽  
The North ◽  
Cyclic Variations

AbstractLong-term cyclic variations in the distribution of prominences and intensities of green (530.3 nm) and red (637.4 nm) coronal emission lines over solar cycles 18–23 are presented. Polar prominence branches will reach the poles at different epochs in cycle 23: the north branch at the beginning in 2002 and the south branch a year later (2003), respectively. The local maxima of intensities in the green line show both poleward- and equatorward-migrating branches. The poleward branches will reach the poles around cycle maxima like prominences, while the equatorward branches show a duration of 18 years and will end in cycle minima (2007). The red corona shows mostly equatorward branches. The possibility that these branches begin to develop at high latitudes in the preceding cycles cannot be excluded.

An ultrastructural study of sertoli cells in two geographically isolated populations of Aphanius dispar

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 548-549
Author(s):  
Taber A. Ba-Omar ◽  
Philip F. Prentis
Keyword(s):  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Freshwater Teleost ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
The North ◽  
Group A ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
Group B ◽  
Geographically Isolated

We have recently carried out a study of spermiogenic differentiation in two geographically isolated populations of Aphanius dispar (freshwater teleost), with a view to ascertaining variation at the ultrastructural level. The sampling areas were the Jebel Al Akhdar in the north (Group A) and the Dhofar region (Group B) in the south. Specimens from each group were collected, the testes removed, fixed in Karnovsky solution, post fixed in OsO, en bloc stained with uranyl acetate and then routinely processed to Agar 100 resin, semi and ultrathin sections were prepared for study.

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